Tag: M.W=150-200

Fujita, Tadashi published the artcileCarnitine. I. Hydrolysis of carnitine nitrile chloride with concentrated hydrochloric acid, Related Products of chlorides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (1961), 661-5, database is CAplus.

The hydrolysis of [Me₃NCH₂CH(OH)CH₂CN]Cl (I) was studied as a possible preparation of carnitine (II), and as a check on the preparation of [Me₃CH₂CH(CH₂CO₂H)O₂CCH₂CH(OH)CH₂NMe₃]2Cl (III) (Dechamps, et al., CA 49, 3816b). I (45 g.) stirred 10 hrs. in an autoclave at 120-30° with 75 cc. concentrated HCl, and the mixture kept overnight at room temperature yielded 83.8% NH₄Cl, from the evaporated filtrate 31 g. crystalline compound (IV), m. 180-90° (decomposition), and from the mother liquor from IV 0.8 g. (Me₃NCH₂CH:CHCO₂H)Cl (V), m. 202-3° (decomposition). Comparison of the infrared spectra of IV, V, and [Me₃NCH₂CH(OH)CH₂CO₂H]Cl (VI) (curves shown) indicated that IV was a mixture of V and VI. To confirm this, 3.6 g. IV was catalytically reduced (PtO₂) in EtOH and yielded 0.2 g. VI, m. 195-6% and 0.6 g. mixture, m. 147-90°, probably VI mixed with (Me₃NCH₂CH₂-CH₂CO₂H)Cl. IV (25 g.) was also separated by fractional crystallization with 95% EtOH into 4.6 g. V and 1.5 g. VI. VI (19.8 g.) hydrolyzed as was I yielded 7.6 g.V. Modifying the hydrolysis of I by stirring only 4 hrs. on a boiling water bath suppressed the formation of V and yielded 85% pure VI. Thus, III could not be detected as a hydrolysis product of I. Salts of II were reported: sulfamate, m. 1478°; eyclohexanesulfamate, m. 121-2°; sulfate, m. 156-7°; nitrate, m. 79-81°; orotate, m. 191°.

Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin published new progress about 6249-56-5. 6249-56-5 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Phase Transfer Catalyst,Inhibitor,Natural product, name is 3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride, and the molecular formula is C7H16ClNO2, Related Products of chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Epple, Robert published the artcile1,3,5-Trisubstituted aryls as highly selective PPARδ agonists, HPLC of Formula: 33697-81-3, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2006), 16(11), 2969-2973, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A series of highly potent and selective PPARδ agonists is described using the known non-selective ligand GW2433 as a structural template. Compound 1 is bioavailable, potent (10 nM), and shows no cross-activity with other PPAR subtypes up to 10 μM, making it a useful tool in studying the biol. effects of selective PPARδ activation.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 33697-81-3. 33697-81-3 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H7ClO3, HPLC of Formula: 33697-81-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Juhas, Martin published the artcileImproving Antimicrobial Activity and Physico-Chemical Properties by Isosteric Replacement of 2-Aminothiazole with 2-Aminooxazole, SDS of cas: 6313-54-8, the publication is Pharmaceuticals (2022), 15(5), 580, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Antimicrobial drug resistance is currently one of the most critical health issues. Pathogens resistant to last-resort antibiotics are increasing, and very few effective antibacterial agents have been introduced in recent years. The promising drug candidates are often discontinued in the primary stages of the drug discovery pipeline due to their unspecific reactivity (PAINS), toxicity, insufficient stability, or low water solubility In this work, we investigated a series of substituted N-oxazolyl- and N-thiazolylcarboxamides of various pyridinecarboxylic acids. Final compounds were tested against several microbial species. In general, oxazole-containing compounds showed high activity against mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis (best MIC_H37Ra = 3.13 μg/mL), including the multidrug-resistant strains. Promising activities against various bacterial and fungal strains were also observed None of the compounds was significantly cytotoxic against the HepG2 cell line. Exptl. measurement of lipophilicity parameter log k′_w and water solubility (log S) confirmed significantly (typically two orders in logarithmic scale) increased hydrophilicity/water solubility of oxazole derivatives in comparison with their thiazole isosteres. Mycobacterial β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (FabH) was suggested as a probable target by mol. docking and mol. dynamics simulations.

Pharmaceuticals published new progress about 6313-54-8. 6313-54-8 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Chloride,Carboxylic acid, name is 2-Chloroisonicotinic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H4ClNO2, SDS of cas: 6313-54-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mahmoudi, Yaser published the artcileNew potent antifungal triazole alcohols containing N-benzylpiperazine carbodithioate moiety: Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and in silico study, Related Products of chlorides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Bioorganic Chemistry (2019), 103060, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A number of 1H-1,2,4-triazole alcs. containing N-(halobenzyl)piperazine carbodithioate moiety were designed and synthesized as potent antifungal agents. In vitro bioassays against different Candida species including C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis revealed that the N-(4-chlorobenzyl) derivative(I) with MIC values of 0.063-0.5μg/mL had the best profile of activity, being 4-32-fold more potent than fluconazole. Docking simulation studies confirmed the better fitting of I deriv in the active site of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme, the main target of azole antifungals. Particularly, the potential of I against fluconazole-resistant isolates along with its minimal toxicity against human erythrocytes and HepG2 cells make this prototype compound as a good lead for discovery of potent and safe antifungal agents.

Bioorganic Chemistry published new progress about 620-20-2. 620-20-2 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Benzyl chloride,Benzene, name is 3-Chlorobenzylchloride, and the molecular formula is C7H6Cl2, Related Products of chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jodinskiene, M. published the artcilePeculiarities of two different IAA binding sites functioning in kidney bean hypocotyl cell plasmalemma, Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Biologija (2007), 53(2), 44-47, database is CAplus.

Peculiarities of the interaction of phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA or auxin) and auxin-binding proteins (ABP) in the plasmalemma of kidney bean (dicot plant) hypocotyl cells according to different physiol. responses to IAA have been studied. Two different IAA binding sites (optimal pH 5.5 and 7.5) were discovered in the plasma-lemma of cells responding to IAA by elongation. The first site is characterized as IAA-receptor mediating cell response to IAA by elongation. It has a structure of the IAA binding site -/-H-R-H-S-C-E-/. This site is not functioning in hypocotyl cells not responding to IAA by elongation. The activity of the second site (optimal pH 7.5) is dependent on IAA transport. Basing on the characteristics of this site, the following suggestions may be made: one residue of histidine and amino acid(s) containing the -SH- group are functioning in this site; the IAA influx inhibitor 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (CHPAA) is capable of a very active competition with IAA in the binding site: it reduces IAA-ABP interaction by 92%. These results confirmed that several different ABP may be functioning in the cell and that for each sep. response an individual receptor may be required.

Biologija published new progress about 33697-81-3. 33697-81-3 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H7ClO3, Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cozzi, Franco published the artcileThrough-space interactions between parallel-offset arenes at the van der Waals distance: 1,8-diarylbiphenylene syntheses, structure and QM computations, SDS of cas: 209919-30-2, the publication is Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2008), 10(19), 2686-2694, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A model for studying polar-π interactions between arenes spaced at van der Waals distances is developed on the basis of peri-diarylbiphenylenes. A set of 1,8-diarylbiphenylenes is synthesized comprising two Hammett series, one with reference to mesityl ring interactions and the other with reference to pentafluorophenyl ring interactions. X-Ray crystal structures of several derivatives are determined Barriers to rotation of the probe aryl ring are derived from dynamic NMR data and show a trend for the mesityl reference series (ΔG^≠vs. σ°). The model is also used as a test for comparison of modern d. functional methods, including B3LYP, M06-2X and BMK functionals; dispersive effects are seen to be an important factor in the proper theor. treatment of arene interactions.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics published new progress about 209919-30-2. 209919-30-2 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Boronic acid and ester,Benzene,Boronic Acids,Boronic acid and ester, name is 4-Chloro-2-methylphenylboronic acid, and the molecular formula is C7H8BClO2, SDS of cas: 209919-30-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sui, Yan-Fei published the artcilePyrimidinetrione-imidazoles as a Unique Structural Type of Potential Agents towards Candida Albicans: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation, Name: 3-Chlorobenzylchloride, the publication is Chemistry – An Asian Journal (2021), 16(11), 1417-1429, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A series of pyrimidinetrione-imidazole conjugates I [R¹ = H, Et, 2-chlorobenzl, etc.] as potentially antifungal agents were developed. Bioassays manifested that I [R¹ = 4-fluorobenzl] exerted favorable inhibition towards C. albicans (MIC=0.002 mM), being 6.5 folds more active than clin. antifungal drug fluconazole (MIC=0.013 mM). Preliminary mechanism research indicated that compound I [R¹ = 4-fluorobenzl] could not only depolarize membrane potential but also permeabilize the membrane of C. albicans. Mol. docking was operated to simulate the interaction mode between mol. I [R¹ = 4-fluorobenzl] and CYP51. In addition, hybrid I [R¹ = 4-fluorobenzl] might form I [R¹ = 4-fluorobenzl]-DNA supramol. complex via intercalating into DNA. The interference of membrane and DNA might contributed to its fungicidal capacity with no obvious tendency to induce the resistance against C. albicans. Conjugate I [R¹ = 4-fluorobenzl] endowed good blood compatibility as well as low cytotoxicity towards HeLa and HEK-293T cells.

Chemistry – An Asian Journal published new progress about 620-20-2. 620-20-2 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Benzyl chloride,Benzene, name is 3-Chlorobenzylchloride, and the molecular formula is C3H6O2, Name: 3-Chlorobenzylchloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Crombie, Aimee L. published the artcileSynthesis and evaluation of azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives as potent mixed vasopressin antagonists, Quality Control of 209919-30-2, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2010), 20(12), 3742-3745, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A series of biaryl amides containing an azabicyclooctane amine headpiece were synthesized and evaluated as mixed arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor antagonists. Several analogs, including I (Ar = 2-Me-C₆H₄, 3-AcHN-C₆H₄, benzothiophen-3-yl, naphthalen-1-yl), were shown to have excellent V_1a– and good V₂-receptor binding affinities. Compound I (Ar = benzothiophen-3-yl) was further profiled for drug-like properties and for an in vitro comparison with conivaptan, the program’s mixed V_1a/V₂-receptor antagonist standard

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 209919-30-2. 209919-30-2 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Boronic acid and ester,Benzene,Boronic Acids,Boronic acid and ester, name is 4-Chloro-2-methylphenylboronic acid, and the molecular formula is C7H8BClO2, Quality Control of 209919-30-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ruffell, Katie published the artcileBismuth-Mediated α-Arylation of Acidic Diketones with ortho-Substituted Boronic Acids, Product Details of C7H8BClO2, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2022), 61(40), e202210840, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The Bi-mediated oxidative coupling of acidic diones and ortho-substituted arylboronic acids was reported. Starting from a bench-stable bismacycle precursor, a sequence of B-to-Bi transmetallation, oxidation and C-C bond formation furnished the arylated diones. Development of methodol. that tolerates both sensitive functionality and steric demand was supported by interrogation of key reactive intermediates. Application of this strategy to cyclic diones enables the concise synthesis of important agrochem. intermediates which were previously prepared using toxic Pb reagents. This methodol. also enabled the first ever arylation of fluoroalkyl diones which, upon condensation with hydrazine, providesd direct access to valuable fluoroalkyl pyrazoles.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 209919-30-2. 209919-30-2 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Boronic acid and ester,Benzene,Boronic Acids,Boronic acid and ester, name is 4-Chloro-2-methylphenylboronic acid, and the molecular formula is C7H8BClO2, Product Details of C7H8BClO2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Schmidt, Stine N. published the artcileLinking algal growth inhibition to chemical activity: Excess toxicity below 0.1% of saturation, Application In Synthesis of 350-30-1, the publication is Chemosphere (2018), 880-886, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The first aim was to challenge this chem. activity range for baseline toxicity. Algal growth inhibition data (median effective concentrations, EC₅₀) were compiled from two recent studies and included 108 compounds categorized as non-polar (mode of toxic action, MOA1) and polar (MOA2) narcotics. These data were linked to chem. activity by (1) plotting them relative to a regression for (subcooled) liquid solubility (S_L), which served as visual reference for chem. activity of unity and (2) determining EC₅₀/S_L ratios that essentially equal median effective chem. activity (Ea₅₀). Growth inhibition required chem. activity >0.01 for MOA1 and >0.001 for MOA2 compounds The second aim was to identify compounds exerting excess toxicity, i.e., when growth inhibition occurred at chem. activity <0.001. Of these compounds, 16 are pesticides or precursors. This study includes two methods for translating EC₅₀ values into the chem. activity framework, each having advantages and limitations. Scientifically, this study confirms that baseline toxicity generally requires chem. activities of 0.01-0.1 and extends the application of the chem. activity approach beyond baseline toxicity, by demonstrating its utility to identify compounds that exert excess toxicity.

Chemosphere published new progress about 350-30-1. 350-30-1 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Fluoride,Chloride,Nitro Compound,Benzene, name is 3-Chloro-4-fluoronitrobenzene, and the molecular formula is C6H3ClFNO2, Application In Synthesis of 350-30-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics