Author: Jessica.F

Discovery of a Potent and Highly Selective Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor as “Antidiabesity” Agents Based on Repurposing and Morphing of WB-4101 was written by Artasensi, Angelica;Angeli, Andrea;Lammi, Carmen;Bollati, Carlotta;Gervasoni, Silvia;Baron, Giovanna;Matucci, Rosanna;Supuran, Claudiu T.;Vistoli, Giulio;Fumagalli, Laura. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C19H15Cl This article mentions the following:

The management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is shifting from cardio-centric to weight-centric or, even better, adipose-centric treatments. Considering the downsides of multidrug therapies and the relevance of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) and carbonic anhydrases (CAs II and V) in T2DM and in the weight loss, we report a new class of multitarget ligands targeting the mentioned enzymes. We started from the known α₁-AR inhibitor WB-4101, which was progressively modified through a tailored morphing strategy to optimize the potency of DPP IV and CAs while losing the adrenergic activity. The obtained compound 12 (I) shows a satisfactory DPP IV inhibition with a good selectivity CA profile (DPP IV IC₅₀: 0.0490μM; CA II K_i 0.2615μM; CA VA K_i 0.0941μM; CA VB K_i 0.0428μM). Furthermore, its DPP IV inhibitory activity in Caco-2 and its acceptable pre-ADME/Tox profile indicate it as a lead compound in this novel class of multitarget ligands. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Electric Literature of C19H15Cl).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Electric Literature of C19H15Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The potential transformation mechanisms of the marker components of Schizonepetae Spica and its charred product was written by Liu, Xindan;Zhang, Ying;Wu, Menghua;Ma, Zhiguo;Cao, Hui. And the article was included in Molecules in 2020.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Schizonepetae Spica (SS) is commonly used for treating colds, fevers, bloody stool and metrorrhagia in China. To treat colds and fevers, traditional Chinese medicine doctors often use raw SS, while to treat bloody stool and metrorrhagia, they usually use Schizonepetae Spica Carbonisata (SSC; raw SS processed by stir-frying until carbonization). However, there have been limited investigations designed to uncover the mechanism of stir-fry processing. In the present study, a method combining gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC) was developed for the comprehensive anal. of the chem. profiles of SS and SSC samples. Principal component anal. of the GC-MS data demonstrated that there were 16 significant differences in volatile compounds between the SS and SSC samples. The simultaneous quantification of six nonvolatile compounds was also established based on HPLC, and remarkable differences were found between the two products. These changes were probably responsible for the various pharmacol. effects of SS and SSC as well as the observed hepatotoxicity. Finally, the mechanisms could be rationalized by deducing possible reactions involved in the transformation of these marker components. This work reports a new strategy to reveal the chem. transformation of SS during stir-fry processing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

T3P mediated intramolecular rearrangement of o-aminobenzamide to o-ureidobenzonitrile using isothiocyanates was written by Shamanth, Sadashivamurthy;Nagarakere, Sandhya C.;Sagar, Kunigal S.;Narayana, Yatheesh;Mamatha, Mahesha;Rangappa, Kanchugarakoppal S.;Kempegowda, Mantelingu. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2021.COA of Formula: C7H3Cl2NS This article mentions the following:

Current work describes the environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of o-ureidobenzonitriles, from o-aminobenzamides and isothiocyanates using T3P. Here, the conversion of thiourea to urea and amide to nitrile take place simultaneously via unprecedented intramol. rearrangement. This protocol is operationally facile and offers wide variety of o-ureidobenzonitriles at room temperature in good to excellent yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1COA of Formula: C7H3Cl2NS).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.COA of Formula: C7H3Cl2NS

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparations of chloro(diene)polyfluorophenylplatinum(II) complexes and the structure of chloro(dicyclopentadiene)pentafluorophenylplatinum(II) was written by Deacon, G. B.;Gatehouse, B. M.;Nelson-Reed, K. T.. And the article was included in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry in 1989.HPLC of Formula: 12083-92-0 This article mentions the following:

The complexes, PtCl(diene)R [diene = hexa-1,5-diene (hex), norbornadiene (nbd), R = C₆F₅, p-HC₆F₄, p-MeOC₆F₄; diene = dicyclopentadiene (dcy), R = C₆F₅] have been prepared by reaction between equimolar amounts of PtCl₂(diene) and Me₃SnR in CH₂Cl₂. Most reactions also gave some of the corresponding PtR₂(diene) complex, which was readily separated by chromatog., and Pt(p-MeOC₆F₄)₂(nbd) was obtained in high yield from PtCl₂(nbd) and Me₃Sn(p-MeOC₆F₄) when a 1:2 mol ratio was used. Attempts to prepare PtCl(dcy)R (R = p-HC₆F₄, p-MeOC₆F₄) from Me₃SnR gave only PtR₂(dcy) in boiling CH₂Cl₂ despite the use of 1:1 reactant stoichiometry, and Pt(p-MeOC₆F₄)₂(dcy) or no reaction (R = p-HC₆F₄) at room temperature Alternative reagents, R’₃SnR (R’ = Bu, Et; R = C₆F₅, p-MeOC₆F₄) had a variable effect on the selectivity of monoarylation. Thus, Bu₃SnC₆F₅ was more selective and Et₃SnC₆F₅ less selective in formation of PtCl(hex)C₆F₅ than Me₃SnC₆F₅. With Et₃SnR (R = C₆F₅, p-MeOC₆F₄) and an equimolar amount of PtCl₂(dcy), PtCl(dcy)R was the major product. The crystal structure of PtCl(dcy)C₆F₅ shows near square planar stereochem. for platinum and steric congestion. The double bond from the six-membered ring of dcy is unsym. coordinated to platinum trans to C₆F₅ and is further from the metal than the other double bond, which is sym. bonded trans to chlorine. The pentafluorophenyl group is approx. normal to the coordination plane, and gives two o-fluorine resonances in the ¹⁹F NMR spectrum. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0HPLC of Formula: 12083-92-0).

Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.HPLC of Formula: 12083-92-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Silver-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H Sulfonylation for the Synthesis of Benzyl Sulfones Using Toluene Derivatives and α-Amino Acid Sulfonamides was written by Kanyiva, Kyalo Stephen;Uchida, Kanako;Shibata, Takanori. And the article was included in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan in 2021.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

We describe a simple and practical protocol for the synthesis of benzyl sulfones using readily available toluene derivatives and α-amino acid sulfonamides. The reaction proceeds to afford a broad range of benzyl sulfones in moderate to high yields under silver catalysis. The mechanism possibly involves a Minisci-type formation of α-aminoalkyl radical, homolytic cleavage of a N-S bond to generate a sulfonyl radical, and coupling of sulfonyl radical with a benzyl radical formed via hydrogen abstraction by sulfate anion radical. The practicality of the present reaction is demonstrated by a gram-scale synthesis and one-step synthesis of anticancer-active compound The mechanism studies are conducted using radical scavengers and deuterated toluene. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfamide and triazole benzodiazepines as novel p53-MDM2 inhibitors was written by Yu, Zhiliang;Zhuang, Chunlin;Wu, Yuelin;Guo, Zizhao;Li, Jin;Dong, Guoqiang;Yao, Jianzhong;Sheng, Chunquan;Miao, Zhenyuan;Zhang, Wannian. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2014.COA of Formula: C7H5ClF2 This article mentions the following:

A series of sulfamide I (R₁ = HCCCH₂, 3-FC₆H₄CH₂, NCCH₂, 2,6-F₂C₆H₃CH₂, C₆H₅CH₂; R₂ = HCCCH₂, H₂C:C:CH, H) and triazole benzodiazepines, e.g. II, were obtained with the principle of bioisosterism. The p53-murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitory activity and in vitro antitumor activity were evaluated. Most of the benzodiazepines exhibited moderate protein binding inhibitory activity. The triazole benzodiazepines showed good inhibitory activity and antitumor potency. The compound 8-chloro-4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-6-phenyl-4H-2,3,5,10b-tetraaza-benzo[e]azulene had promising antitumor activity against the U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cell line with an IC₅₀ value of 4.17 μM, which was much better than that of nutlin-3. The mol. docking model also successfully predicted that this class of compounds mimicked the three critical residues of p53 binding to MDM2. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4COA of Formula: C7H5ClF2).

2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.COA of Formula: C7H5ClF2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium-catalyzed reductive desulfonative aminocarbonylation of benzylsulfonyl chlorides with nitroarenes towards arylacetamides was written by Liu, Yongzhu;Bao, Zhi-Peng;Qi, Xinxin;Wu, Xiao-Feng. And the article was included in Organic Chemistry Frontiers in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

A new palladium-catalyzed reductive desulfonative aminocarbonylation reaction with benzylsulfonyl chlorides RCH₂S(O)₂Cl (R = Ph, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, etc.) as C(sp³) electrophiles has been developed. Using nitroarenes R¹NO₂ (R¹ = Ph, quinolin-8-yl, 2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl, etc.) as readily accessible and stable nitrogen surrogates, a wide range of arylacetamides RCH₂C(O)NHR¹ were easily prepared in high yields with very good functional group compatibility. Mo(CO)₆ plays a dual role as both a CO source and reductant. Moreover, a late-stage modification of natural products was also achieved via this aminocarbonylation strategy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Application In Synthesis of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Application In Synthesis of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kinetics of Oxidation of 4-Oxoacids by N-Chlorosaccharin in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium was written by Farook, N. A. Mohamed. And the article was included in Journal of Solution Chemistry in 2007.Recommanded Product: 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide This article mentions the following:

The oxidation kinetics of substituted and unsubstituted 4-oxoacids (S) by N-chlorosaccharin (NCSA) have been studied in aqueous acetic acid media. The reaction follows first-order kinetics in each of the 4-oxoacids, NCSA and H⁺. The effect of changes in the electronic nature of the substrate reveals that pos. charge develops in the transition state. Based on the kinetic results and product anal., a suitable mechanism has been proposed for the reaction of NCSA with 4-oxoacids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0Recommanded Product: 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Recommanded Product: 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Borylfuroxans: Synthesis and Applications was written by Xie, Weibin;Hayashi, Masahiko;Matsubara, Ryosuke. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2021.COA of Formula: C19H15Cl This article mentions the following:

Herein the authors report the 1st synthesis of borylfuroxans via the reaction of sulfonylfuroxans with Lewis base-ligated boranes under radical conditions. As a synthetic application, the transformation of borylfuroxans to a range of 1,2-dioximes and their derivatives is demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5COA of Formula: C19H15Cl).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.COA of Formula: C19H15Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Quality assurance and harmonization for targeted biomonitoring measurements of environmental organic chemicals across the Children′s Health Exposure Analysis Resource laboratory network was written by Kannan, Kurunthachalam;Stathis, Alexa;Mazzella, Matthew J.;Andra, Syam S.;Barr, Dana Boyd;Hecht, Stephen S.;Merrill, Lori S.;Galusha, Aubrey L.;Parsons, Patrick J.. And the article was included in International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

A consortium of laboratories established under the Children′s Health Exposure Anal. Resource (CHEAR) used a multifaceted quality assurance program to promote measurement harmonization for trace organics analyses of human biospecimens that included: (1) participation in external quality assurance (EQA)/proficiency testing (PT) programs; (2) analyses of a urine-based CHEAR common quality control (QC) pool with each anal. batch across all participating laboratories; (3) method validation against NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRMs); and (4) analyses of blinded duplicates and other project-specific QC samples. The capability of five CHEAR laboratories in organic chem. anal. increased across the 4-yr period, and performance in the external PT program improved over time – recent challenges reporting >90% analytes with satisfactory performance. The CHEAR QC pools were analyzed for several classes of organic chems. including phthalate metabolites and environmental phenols by the participating laboratories with every batch of project samples, which provided a rich source of measurement data for the assessment of intra- and inter-laboratory variance. Within-laboratory and overall variabilities in measurements across laboratories were calculated for target chems. in urine QC pools; the coefficient of variation (CV) was generally below 25% across batches, studies and laboratories and indicated acceptable anal. imprecision. The suite of organic chems. analyzed in the CHEAR QC pool was broader than those reported for com. available reference materials. The accuracy of each of the laboratories methods was verified through the anal. of several NIST SRMs and was, for example, 97 ± 5.2% for environmental phenols and 95 ± 11% for phthalates. Anal. of blinded duplicate samples showed excellent agreement and reliability of measurements. The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for phthalate metabolites analyzed in various batches across three CHEAR laboratories showed excellent reliability (typically >0.90). Overall, the multifaceted quality assurance protocols followed among the CHEAR laboratories ensured reliable and reproducible data quality for several classes of organic chems. Increased participation in external PT programs through inclusion of addnl. target analytes will further enhance the confidence in data quality. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2HPLC of Formula: 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.HPLC of Formula: 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics