Month: November 2022

Defect-dominated carbon deposited Pd nanoparticles enhanced catalytic performance of formic acid dehydrogenation was written by Cheng, Wei;Zhao, Xue;Hu, Hanyue;Cai, Jiaqi;Wang, Yi;Liu, Xiangyang;Xu, Donghui;Luo, Wenxiu;Fan, Guangyin. And the article was included in Applied Surface Science in 2022.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The defect-rich characteristic nanostructure carbon favors the changing polarity and electron distribution in carbon matrix, thus facilitating an efficient adsorption of ions. Herein, a B,N,F-tridoped carbon material is successfully prepared on defect-rich sites by directly calcining two sodium salts, namely EDTA tetrasodium salt (Na₄EDTA) and ammonium tetrafluoroborate (NH₄BF₄). B refers to electron-donating atoms while F and N are electron-accepting atoms. The co-existence of electron-donating and electron-accepting atoms causes an asym. spin and charge d., favoring palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) well dispersed on the carbon matrix. The heteroatoms efficiently control over the growth of Pd NPs and regulate the internal electron d. The catalytic performance is significantly enhanced with the obtained Pd/BNF-C catalyst for formic acid dehydrogenation, which has a lower activation barrier (36.4 kJ/mol) and a better reusability than those of free-heteroatom catalysts. The efficiency might be attributed to the strong interaction between Pd NPs and heteroatoms, and the electrons transfer from carbon material to Pd NPs, with benefits including the significant coupling effect of B,N,F-tridoping down to the at. scale, abundant surface active defects, in-plane nanopore defects and more adjacent metal active sites. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Solid-Liquid Equilibria (SLE) of the Quinary Reciprocal Aqueous System Li⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺//Cl^–, Borate-H₂O at 323.2 K was written by Zhuge, Fuyu;Feng, Xia;Yu, Xudong. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 7447-41-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The isothermal dissolution method was applied for the phase equilibrium experiment of the reciprocal quinary system Li⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺//Cl^–, Borate-H₂O at 323.2 K; the related d. (ρ) of the system was measured by the sp. gr. bottle method exptl., and the crystalloid forms of the equilibrated solid phase were identified by the X-ray diffraction method. Results show that the system belongs to a complex type with the formation of solid solution [(K, Rb)Cl]; six single salts, LiCl·H₂O, KCl, RbCl, Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O, K₂B₄O₅(OH)₄·2H₂O, and RbB₅O₆(OH)₄·2H₂O, were also formed at 323.2 K; no double salt was found in this system. The space phase diagram consists of five quinary invariant points, fifteen isothermal dissolution curves, and seven crystallization fields. The size of the RbB₅O₆(OH)₄·2H₂O crystallization field is the largest among the coexisting salts in the quinary system. Under the condition of RbB₅O₈ saturation, the crystallization field of Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O occupied the largest crystallization region, and salt RbCl had the smallest region. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8HPLC of Formula: 7447-41-8).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.HPLC of Formula: 7447-41-8

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Decomposition of PVDF to delaminate cathode materials from end-of-life lithium-ion battery cathodes was written by Ji, Yi;Jafvert, Chad T.;Zyaykina, Nadezhda N.;Zhao, Fu. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2022.Electric Literature of ClLi The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The growing demand of elec. vehicles and rapid consumption of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) require recycling of spent cathode active materials (CAMs) to reduce hazardous wastes and supply raw materials to LIB production To sep. CAMs from the cathode, direct calcination of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder is widely applied, which leads to high energy consumption and release of toxic hydrogen fluoride. It is desirable to have an environmentally friendly and effective alternative to traditional direct calcination. In this study, five lithium salts, LiOAc (lithium acetate), LiNO₃, LiCl, Li₂CO₃, and Li₂SO₄, were deployed and compared for their performance in recycling CAMs. A peel-off efficiency of up to 98.5% was achieved at a LiOAc to LiNO₃ molar ratio of 3:2, salt to cathode mass ratio of 10:1, and temperature of 300°C at a holding time of 30 min. This system avoids corrosive chems. and minimizes particle agglomeration of recycled products. Compared with sodium salt systems (NaOAc-NaNO₃) or direct calcination, the LiOAc-LiNO₃ system prevented high reaction temperature or further lithium loss, and minimized crystal structure and morphol. changes. A decomposition mechanism of PVDF through adsorption of HF and fluorine substitution was proposed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Electric Literature of ClLi).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Electric Literature of ClLi

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Membrane support formulation and carrier selection in supported liquid membrane for extraction of zwitterionic form of Glutamic acid was written by Rajendaren, Vikneswary;Saufi, Syed M.;Zahari, M. A. K. M.;Mohammad, Abdul Wahab. And the article was included in Materials Today: Proceedings in 2021.Safety of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Glutamic acid (GA) is an amino acid which is usually appear in the zwitterionic form in solutions At present, cation and anion exchange carriers are widely use to extract this amino acids. However, the carriers only function either at high pH or low pH. Although, the pH can be adjusted by adding certain chem. to reach acidic or basic region, but it may lead to addnl. byproducts formation and affect the extraction process. In the current study, supported liquid membrane (SLM) was used to extract the zwitterionic form of GA from the aqueous solution without any pH adjustment. In the SLM process, the determination of the best carrier in liquid membrane formulation is important for achieving high extraction of GA. Hence, different types of carriers such as trioctylamine (TOA), tridodecylamine (TDA), tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO), mixture of 50% TOA and 50% TDA, aliquat 336 and di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol were investigated. The polyethersulfone (PES) membrane with and without graphene membrane supports were prepared, characterized and used as the support in the SLM. The incorporation of graphene in PES membrane had increased the surface contact angle and tensile stress from 80.96 ± 1.92° to 97.8 ± 1.46° and 650.684 kPa to 1079.59 kPa, resp. Aliquat 336 was identified as the best carrier with 93% of GA extraction This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Safety of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Safety of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Benzalkonium-Templated Mesostructured Silica Antibacterial Agents was written by Dubovoy, Viktor;Ganti, Anjani;Zhang, Tao;Al-Tameemi, Hassan;Cerezo, Juan D.;Boyd, Jeffrey M.;Asefa, Tewodros. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2018.COA of Formula: C25H46ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Novel mesostructured silica microparticles are synthesized, characterized, and investigated as a drug delivery system (DDS) for antimicrobial applications. The materials exhibit a relatively high d. (0.56 g per 1 g SiO₂) of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), pore channels of 18 Å in width, and a high surface area (1500 m²/g). Comparison of the small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) pattern with Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution data suggests that the 18 Å pores exhibit short-range ordering and a wall thickness of ca. 12 Å. Drug release studies demonstrate pH-responsive controlled release of BAC without addnl. surface modification of the materials. Prolonged drug release data were analyzed using a power law (Korsmeyer-Peppas) model and indicate substantial differences in release mechanism in acidic (pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.5) vs. neutral (pH 7.4) solutions Microbiol. assays demonstrate a significant time-dependent reduction in Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica viability above 10 and 130 mg L^-1 of the synthesized materials, resp. The viability of cells is reduced over time compared to control samples. The findings will help in widening the use of BAC as a disinfectant and bactericidal agent, especially in pharmaceutical and food industries where Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacterial contamination is common. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9COA of Formula: C25H46ClN).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.COA of Formula: C25H46ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ultrafast dynamics of ionic liquids in colloidal dispersion was written by Ren, Zhe;Kelly, Jordan;Gunathilaka, C. Prasad;Brinzer, Thomas;Dutta, Samrat;Johnson, Clinton A.;Mitra, Sunayana;Garrett-Roe, Sean. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2017.Application In Synthesis of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ionic liquid (IL)-surfactant complexes have significance both in applications and fundamental research, but their underlying dynamics are not well understood. The authors apply polarization-controlled two-dimensional IR spectroscopy (2D-IR) to study the dynamics of [BMIM][SCN]/surfactant/solvent model systems. The authors examine the effect of the choice of surfactants and solvent, and the IL-to-surfactant ratio (W-value), with a detailed anal. of the orientation and structural dynamics of each system. Different surfactants create very different environments for the entrapped ILs, ranging from a semi-static micro-environment to a fluxional environment that evolves even faster than the bulk IL. The oil-phase also clearly affects the microscopic dynamics. The anisotropy decay for entrapped ILs completes within 10 ps, which is similar to free thiocyanate ion in water, while a significant reorientation-induced spectral diffusion (RISD) effect is observed The entrapped ionic liquid are highly dynamic for all W-values, and no core-shell structure is observed Authors hypothesize that, instead of an ionic liquid-reverse micelle (IL-RM), the microscopic structure of this system is small colloidal dispersions or pairs of IL and surfactants. A detailed anal. of the polarization-controlled 2D-IR spectra of AOT system reveals a potential ion-exchange mechanism. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Application In Synthesis of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Application In Synthesis of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tuning the electronic property of Pd nanoparticles by encapsulation within ZIF-67 shells towards enhanced performance in 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation was written by Qi, Lixue;Dai, Jiajun;Liao, Yichen;Tian, Jian;Sun, Daohua. And the article was included in Catalysis Science & Technology in 2022.Safety of Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The low olefin selectivity of Pd-based catalysts is a long-term challenge for the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene. Hybrid Pd/metal-organic framework (MOF) catalysts may help tackle this problem as they can stabilize Pd nanoparticles and regulate their electronic property. Herein, both surface-supported Pd/ZIF-67 and encapsulated Pd@ZIF-67 catalysts were prepared to explore the synergy between Pd and ZIF-67 and the structure-performance relationship of the catalysts. SEM and TEM reveal the different spatial positions of Pd on the two catalysts. Interestingly, encapsulated Pd@ZIF-67 shows excellent catalytic performance in the 40 h test, with a conversion of 100% and a butene selectivity of 98%, outperforming the surface-supported Pd/ZIF-67 catalyst. XPS, CO-IR and DFT calculations indicate that the encapsulated structure promotes the synergistic interaction between the ZIF-67 and Pd sites. Furthermore, in situ DRIFTS of 1-butene reveals that the enhanced synergistic interaction weakens the adsorption of 1-butene on the catalyst surface while inhibiting its isomerization and further hydrogenation. The presented strategy together with the mechanistic results clarify the relationship between the structure and the synergistic interaction and provide a promising approach for the application of synergistic interactions in hydrogenation catalysts. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6Safety of Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II)).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Safety of Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II)

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

1,3,5-Triazine-based polymer: synthesis, characterization and application for immobilization of silver nanoparticles was written by Osman, Sameh M.;Khattab, Sherine N.;Aly, El-Saied A.;Kenawy, El-Refaie;El-Faham, Ayman. And the article was included in Journal of Polymer Research in 2017.Safety of 4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Six s-triazine-based polymers were prepared through the nucleophilic reaction of 2,4-dichloro-6-substituted s-triazine derivatives with 1,4-diaminobutane employing conventional heating and microwave irradiation The prepared polymers were characterized by using Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatog. (GPC). The microwave irradiation provides the target polymers in less reaction time with higher yields and purities; the results from the TGA revealed that microwave technique enhanced the thermal behavior of the prepared polymers. The effect of substituent on the thermal stability of polymers has the main factor, where incorporation of the aromatic ring on the triazine core in the prepared polymers increased their thermal stability. As a model for immobilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), p-methoxy-s-triazine-1,4-butadiamine (BDPMA) copolymer was used as an example in the presence and absence of hydrazine hydrate. AgNPs were characterized by zeta potential, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction anal. (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Best results in term of particle size was obtained by using BDPMA in the absence of hydrazine hydrate, where the particle size of AgNPs was less than 20 nm as observed from TEM. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (cas: 2272-40-4Safety of 4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine).

4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (cas: 2272-40-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Safety of 4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene over Ti₃C₂/Pd nanohybrids boosted by electronic modification and hydrogen evolution inhibition was written by Zhang, Yunchong;Chen, Lv;Gui, Yunyun;Liu, Lijun. And the article was included in Applied Surface Science in 2022.Application of 13820-53-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) with formic acid attracts much interest in catalysis, but the sluggish H* production and undesirable H₂ evolution reaction (HER) limit its practical applications. Herein we anchored Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on layered Ti₃C₂ MXene for efficient and selective CTH of nitrobenzene in the presence of formic acid. Some electrons in Pd NPs transferred to Ti₃C₂ MXene upon formation of Ti₃C₂/Pd nanohybrids, as confirmed by XPS and DFT simulations. The electron transfer changed Pd valance electron configuration from 4d10 to 4d10-x. Such electron-deficient Pd NPs tuned reaction pathway and promoted formic acid dissociation, both of which favored the production of active H* atoms, i.e., the exact reductant for CTH. Compared with Pd NPs, Ti₃C₂/Pd showed stronger adsorption of H* and therefore inhibited the occurrence of HER (2H*→H₂). Owing to favorable H* production and HER inhibition, Ti₃C₂/Pd (15 wt% Pd) showed enhanced nitrobenzene CTH performance with turnover frequency of 351.7 h^-1 and 99% aniline selectivity, outperforming most of current catalysts. Our work might inspire designing more advanced CTH catalysts by tuning their valance electron configurations with 2D MXene materials. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6Application of 13820-53-6).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Application of 13820-53-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The interaction studies of novel imine ligands and palladium(II) complexes with DNA and BSA for drug delivery application: The anti-cancer activity and molecular docking evaluation was written by Karami, Kazem;Mehvari, Fariba;Ramezanzade, Vahid;Zakariazadeh, Mostafa;Kharaziha, Mahshid;Ramezanpour, Azar. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2022.Name: Lithium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In the effort to discover anti-cancer drugs and improve the therapeutic efficacy of metal-based compounds, two new imine ligands and their palladium [Pd (II)] complexes were synthesized and characterized by several spectroscopic techniques. Besides, a groove interaction of samples with DNA was observed, and the interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) revealed the remarkable binding affinity of samples. Also, the quenching properties of BSA were measured by competitive site markers experiments, which they preferred site I and II on BSA. Then, BSA nanoparticles (BSA-NPs) were prepared using the desolvation method and characterized for the drug delivery system of synthesized samples. Next, they were loaded on the BSA-NPs, which their morphol. displayed high compatibility with one another. Further, the in-vitro comparative drug release activity between samples and loaded samples was examined, which the release profiles exhibited a bi-phase pattern involving an initial burst release, obeyed a sustained pattern. Addnl., the cytotoxicity effects of samples were evaluated against the breast cancer cell lines. Based on the calculated IC50, BSA-NPs exhibited the significant role by enhancing the cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the in-silico mol. docking simulation of the samples was examined, and the obtained results were in agreement with the empirical results. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Name: Lithium chloride).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Name: Lithium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics