Tag: M.W=200-250

Smith, Brandi Patrice published the artcileIdentification of early liver toxicity gene biomarkers using comparative supervised machine learning, Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Scientific Reports (2020), 10(1), 19128, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Screening agrochems. and pharmaceuticals for potential liver toxicity is required for regulatory approval and is an expensive and time-consuming process. The identification and utilization of early exposure gene signatures and robust predictive models in regulatory toxicity testing has the potential to reduce time and costs substantially. In this study, comparative supervised machine learning approaches were applied to the rat liver TG-GATEs dataset to develop feature selection and predictive testing. We identified ten gene biomarkers using three different feature selection methods that predicted liver necrosis with high specificity and selectivity in an independent validation dataset from the Microarray Quality Control (MAQC)-II study. Nine of the ten genes that were selected with the supervised methods are involved in metabolism and detoxification (Car3, Crat, Cyp39a1, Dcd, Lbp, Scly, Slc23a1, and Tkfc) and transcriptional regulation (Ablim3). Several of these genes are also implicated in liver carcinogenesis, including Crat, Car3 and Slc23a1. Our biomarker gene signature provides high statistical accuracy and a manageable number of genes to study as indicators to potentially accelerate toxicity testing based on their ability to induce liver necrosis and, eventually, liver cancer.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H17NO3Si, Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dharman, Prabu published the artcileA facile synthesis of novel 5-substituted pyridine 2 carboxamide derivatives and their biological evaluation and 3D QSAR studies, Safety of (4-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid, the publication is Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society (Weinheim, Germany) (2019), 66(4), 415-426, database is CAplus.

A variety of novel 5-substituted pyridine 2 carboxamides were designed and synthesized using both normal and solvent-free microwave (MW) irradiation techniques. The results revealed that MW protocol proceeded smoothly under mild reaction conditions in short reaction times, thus avoiding the use of toxic organic solvents. Structural elucidation of the synthesized compounds was carried out on the basis of various spectroscopic methods, such as ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, LCMS, and IR. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity (MIC) using the agar disk diffusion method. Among the various synthetic compounds, compound 3b showed higher potential activity against Escherichia coli than the other compounds The order of activity against E. coli of the studied compounds is 3b > 3e > 3g > 3h > 3d > 3c > 3a > 3f. Addnl., 2D and 3D structural features of the synthesized derivatives were recognized by the 3D-QSAR model. This validated model exhibited good internal (r², 0.924) and external prediction (r²pred, 0.851) correlation. The results of QSAR studies concluded that Alog P, the number of hydrogen bond acceptors, and the number of rotatable bonds were necessary features for the activity of the pyridine carboxamide derivatives

Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society (Weinheim, Germany) published new progress about 944129-07-1. 944129-07-1 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Fluoride,Chloride,Boronic acid and ester,Benzene,Ether,Boronic Acids,Boronic acid and ester,, name is (4-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid, and the molecular formula is C7H7BClFO3, Safety of (4-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Abd El-Karim, Somaia S. published the artcileRational design and synthesis of new tetralin-sulfonamide derivatives as potent anti-diabetics and DPP-4 inhibitors: 2D & 3D QSAR, in vivo radiolabeling and biodistribution studies, Recommanded Product: 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydronaphthalene-2-sulfonyl chloride, the publication is Bioorganic Chemistry (2018), 481-493, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a severe disease and it is one of the most raising problems worldwide. This study deals with design, synthesis and in vivo determination of a new set of tetralin-sulfonamide derivatives as anti-diabetic and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibiting agents. Most of the new compounds exhibited significant hypoglycemic effect alongside with DPP-4 suppression potency considering sitagliptin as a reference drug. The most promising compounds 4, 15 showed 2.80 nM DPP-4 IC₅₀ with 20-40 folds selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9. 2D and 3D QSAR models were performed using auto QSAR of Schrodinger, QuaSAR of MOE and 3D Field-based QSAR of Schrodinger, resp. The exptl. results revealed that the alignment-independent descriptors, electrostatic and steric field descriptors were significantly correlated with the antidiabetic activity of the new derivatives In addition, the new compounds were docked in the active site of DPP-4 in reference to sitagliptin to rationalize the binding modes of the compounds with the amino acid residues of the enzyme. Furthermore, ¹³¹I-compound 4 complex was selected to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavioral profile of compound 4 and its body organs uptakes alongside its elimination pathway as a representative example for the rest of the analogs. The bio distribution pattern of the tracer proved the selective accumulation of ¹³¹I-substrate in the pancreas and rapid clearance from most of the body organs.

Bioorganic Chemistry published new progress about 61551-49-3. 61551-49-3 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Liquid Crystal &OLED Materials, name is 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydronaphthalene-2-sulfonyl chloride, and the molecular formula is C10H11ClO2S, Recommanded Product: 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydronaphthalene-2-sulfonyl chloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kareem, Huda S. published the artcileCorrelation of antioxidant activities with theoretical studies for new hydrazone compounds bearing a 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzyl moiety, Safety of 5-Bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, the publication is European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2015), 497-505, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A new series of antioxidants, I [R¹ = H, HO; R² = Cl, HO, MeO, t-Bu; R³ = H, HO, MeO; R⁴ = H, Br, MeO, EtO, t-Bu; R⁵ = H, MeO, EtO], namely imines bearing the well-known free radical scavenger group 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyloxy, was designed and synthesized. Theor. calculations based on d. functional theory (DFT) were performed to understand the antioxidant activities. Exptl. studies evaluating the antioxidant activities of the compounds using DPPH and FRAP assays verified the predictions obtained by DMOL3 based on DFT.1. The DPPH radical scavenging activities depended on the substitution pattern of the aromatic aldehyde, with both the substitution type and position showing significant effects. Compounds I, which contain a phenolic hydroxyl group at the para position to the imine as well as, addnl. electron donating groups at the ortho-position to this hydroxyl group, exhibited IC₅₀ values of 62, 75 and 106 μg/mL, resp., and potent antioxidant activities against DPPH, which were better than that of the reference compound BHT. With the exception of two compounds I with a phenolic hydroxyl group at the ortho position, all of the investigated compounds exhibited ferric reducing activities above 1000 μM. Correlation anal. between the two antioxidant assays revealed moderate pos. correlation (r = 0.59), indicating differing antioxidant activities based on the reaction mechanism. Therefore, imines bearing a 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyloxy group can be proposed as potential antioxidants for tackling oxidative stress.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 19652-33-6. 19652-33-6 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Bromide,Benzene,Phenol,Aldehyde, name is 5-Bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and the molecular formula is C7H4BrClO2, Safety of 5-Bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Markwalder, Jay A. published the artcileSynthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1-Aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, Application In Synthesis of 1869-22-3, the publication is Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2004), 47(24), 5894-5911, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Using a high-throughput screening strategy, a series of 1-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones I [R¹ = 2-ClC₆H₄, 2-Cl-6-FC₆H₃, 2,4,6-Cl₃C₆H₂, etc.; R² = Et, MeS, F₃C, HOCH₂, etc.; R³ = H, Me, cyclopropyl, MeO₂C, 2-furyl, 3,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₄, PhCH₂, etc.] was identified that inhibit the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/cyclin D1 complex-mediated phosphorylation of a protein substrate with IC₅₀s in the low micromolar range. On the basis of preliminary structure-activity relationships (SAR), a model was proposed in which these inhibitors occupy the ATP-binding site of the enzyme, forming critical hydrogen bonds to the same residue (Val96) to which the amino group in ATP is presumed to bind. X-Ray diffraction studies on I [R¹ = 2,4,6-Cl₃C₆H₂; R² = Et; R³ = 3,4-(HO)₂C₆H₃CH₂] bound to CDK2 support this binding mode. Iterative cycles of synthesis and screening lead to a novel series of potent, CDK2-selective 6-(arylmethyl)pyrazolopyrimidinones. Placement of a hydrogen-bond donor in the meta-position on the 6-arylmethyl group resulted in ∼100-fold increases in CDK4 affinity, giving ligands that were equipotent inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK2. These compounds exhibit antiproliferative effects in the NCI HCT116 and other cell lines. The potency of these antiproliferative effects is enhanced in anilide derivatives and translates into tumor growth inhibition in a mouse xenograft model.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 1869-22-3. 1869-22-3 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Chloride,Hydrazine,Amine,Benzene, name is 1-(2-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hydrazine, and the molecular formula is C7H6ClF3N2, Application In Synthesis of 1869-22-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mostajeran, Neda published the artcileSolvent-Free Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Novel Coumarin Sulfonamides, Formula: C9H5ClO4S, the publication is Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal (2018), 52(1), 1-7, database is CAplus.

A series of new coumarin-6-sulfonamides have been synthesized as potential antibacterial agents. The reaction of coumarin with chlorosulfonic acid was found to yield the corresponding coumarin sulfonyl chloride. In the next step, coumarin sulfonyl chloride, was reacted with various amines in the presence of K₂CO₃ under solvent-free conditions to produce coumarin sulfonamides I (R = Ph, cyclohexyl, piperazinyl, etc.) in good to excellent yields. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for their in vitro anti-bacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal published new progress about 10543-42-7. 10543-42-7 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Chloride,Sulfonyl chlorides,Ester, name is Coumarin-6-sulfonyl chloride, and the molecular formula is C9H5ClO4S, Formula: C9H5ClO4S.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mizukawa, Yumiko published the artcileExtraction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist-induced lipid metabolism-related and unrelated genes in rat liver and analysis of their genomic location, Quality Control of 637-07-0, the publication is Journal of Toxicological Sciences (2020), 45(8), 449-473, database is CAplus.

Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonists are obviously hepatocarcinogenic in rodents, they have been widely used for dyslipidemia and proven to be safe for clin. use without respect to the species difference. It is established that PPARα acts as a part of the transcription factor complex, but its precise mechanism is still unknown. Using the data of Toxicogenomics Database, reliable genes responsive to PPARα agonists, clofibrate, fenofibrate and WY-14,643, in rat liver, were extracted from both in vivo and in vitro data, and sorted by their fold increase. It was found that there were many genes responding to fibrates exclusively in vivo. Most of the in vivo specific genes appear to be unrelated to lipid metabolism and are not upregulated in the kidney. Anal. of PPAR-responsive elements could not explain the observed difference in induction. To evaluate possible interaction between neighboring genes in gene expression, the correlation of the fold changes of neighboring genes for 22 drugs with various PPARα agonistic potencies were calculated for the genes showing more than 2.5 fold induction by 3 fibrates in vivo, and their genomic location was compared with that of the human orthologue. In the present study, many candidates of genes other than lipid metabolism were selected, and these could be good starting points to elucidate the mechanism of PPARα agonist-induced rodent-specific toxicity.

Journal of Toxicological Sciences published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C12H15ClO3, Quality Control of 637-07-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kordestani, Nazanin published the artcileCopper(II) complexes with tridentate halogen-substituted Schiff base ligands: synthesis, crystal structures and investigating the effect of halogenation, leaving groups and ligand flexibility on antiproliferative activities, Safety of 5-Bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, the publication is Dalton Transactions (2021), 50(11), 3990-4007, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

To study the effect of different halogen substituents and leaving groups and the flexibility of ligands on the anticancer activity of copper complexes, sixteen copper(II) complexes with eight different tridentate Schiff-base ligands containing pyridine and 3,5-halogen-substituted phenol moieties were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Four of these complexes were also characterized by x-ray crystallog. The cytotoxicity of the complexes was determined in three different tumor cell lines (i.e. the A2780 ovarian, HCT116 colorectal and MCF7 breast cancer cell line) and in a normal primary fibroblast cell line. Complexes induce a higher loss of cell viability in the ovarian carcinoma cell line (A2780) with respect to the other two tumor cell lines, and therefore the biol. mechanisms underlying this loss of viability were further studied. Complexes with ligand L₁ (containing a 2-pycolylamine-type motif) were more cytotoxic than complexes with L₂ (containing a 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine-type motif). The loss of cell viability in A2780 tumor cells was observed in the order Cu(Cl₂-L₁)NO₃ > Cu(Cl₂-L₁)Cl > Cu(Br₂-L₁)Cl > Cu(BrCl-L₁)Cl. All complexes were able to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that could be related to the loss of cell viability. Complexes Cu(BrCl-L₁)Cl and Cu(Cl₂-L₁)NO₃ were able to promote A2780 cell apoptosis and autophagy and for complex Cu(BrCl-L₁)Cl the increase in apoptosis was due to the intrinsic pathway. Cu(Cl₂-L₁)Cl and Cu(Br₂-L₁)Cl complexes lead to cellular detachment allowing to correlate with the results of loss of cell viability. Despite the ability of the Cu(BrCl-L₁)Cl complex to induce programmed cell death in A2780 cells, its therapeutic window turned out to be low making the Cu(Cl₂-L₁)NO₃ complex the most promising candidate for addnl. biol. applications.

Dalton Transactions published new progress about 19652-33-6. 19652-33-6 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Bromide,Benzene,Phenol,Aldehyde, name is 5-Bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and the molecular formula is C7H4BrClO2, Safety of 5-Bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Di Matteo, Mauro published the artcileSynthesis and biological characterization of 3-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)piperidine sulfonamides as aromatase inhibitors, Name: 2-Chloro-4-cyanobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2016), 26(13), 3192-3194, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The most frequently used treatment for hormone receptor pos. breast cancer in post-menopausal women are aromatase inhibitors. In order to develop new aromatase inhibitors, we designed and synthesized new imidazolylmethylpiperidine sulfonamides using the structure of the previously identified aromatase inhibitor SYN 20028567 as starting lead. By this approach, three new aromatase inhibitors with IC₅₀ values that are similar to that of letrozole and SYN 20028567 were identified.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 254749-11-6. 254749-11-6 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Nitrile,Benzene, name is 2-Chloro-4-cyanobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride, and the molecular formula is C7H3Cl2NO2S, Name: 2-Chloro-4-cyanobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liao, Lihao published the artcileCatalytic Access to Functionalized Allylic gem-Difluorides via Fluorinative Meyer-Schuster-Like Rearrangement, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2020), 59(27), 11010-11019, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

An unprecedented approach for efficient synthesis of functionalized allylic gem-difluorides via catalytic fluorinative Meyer-Schuster-like rearrangement is disclosed. This transformation proceeded with readily accessible propargylic fluorides, and low-cost B-F reagents and electrophilic reagents by sulfide catalysis [e.g., I → II (88%) in presence of PhSPh as Lewis basic catalyst, tetrafluoroboric acid di-Et ether complex and NIS]. A series of iodinated, brominated, and trifluoromethylthiolated allylic gem-difluorides that were difficult to access by other methods were facilely produced with a wide range of functional groups. Importantly, the obtained iodinated products could be incorporated into different drugs and natural products, and could be expediently converted into many other valuable gem-difluoroalkyl mols. as well. Mechanistic studies revealed that this reaction went through a regioselective fluorination of alkynes followed by a formal 1,3-fluorine migration under the assistance of the B-F reagents to give the desired products.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C12H15ClO3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics