Tag: M.W=150-200

Shinohara, Naoki published the artcileSelective Modification of the N-Terminal Structure of Polytheonamide B Significantly Changes its Cytotoxicity and Activity as an Ion Channel, Safety of 3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride, the publication is ChemMedChem (2012), 7(10), 1770-1773, S1770/1-S1770/7, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Polytheonamide B is an extremely cytotoxic natural product and is the largest nonribosomal peptide that has been described to date. Polytheonamide B is a linear chain polypeptide containing an N-terminal 5,5-dimethyl-2-oxohexanoate group (Ncap) and 48 amino acid residues of alternating D– and L-chirality; in addition, the secondary structure of this peptide was recently reported to be a remarkable β^6,3 helix with a length of approx. 45 Å. This helical tube structure is thought to function as a transmembrane ion channel in which the 4 Å hydrophobic pore provides a path for ion translocation. Planar bilayer experiments have previously demonstrated that the monomeric form of polytheonamide B functions as a monovalent cation-selective channel. The present work describes the synthesis of seven derivatives of polytheonamide B and examines the effect of N-terminal modification on cytotoxicity and ion channel activity.

ChemMedChem published new progress about 6249-56-5. 6249-56-5 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Phase Transfer Catalyst,Inhibitor,Natural product, name is 3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride, and the molecular formula is C20H17FO4S, Safety of 3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Andrianov, K. A. published the artcileHydrolysis reaction of the higher alkylmethyldichlorosilanes, Application In Synthesis of 14799-94-1, the publication is Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (1967), 8(3), 443-50, database is CAplus.

Study of the hydrolysis reaction of higher alkylmethyl-dichlorosilanes shows that this reaction results in the formation of a mixture of cyclic and linear compounds Hydrolysis in HCl products only cyclic compounds, which can be vacuum distilled Condensation of the hydrolysis products of the higher alkyl-methyldichlorosilanes results in formation of a mixture of 6-, 8-, and 10-membered dialkyl cyclosiloxanes. In the chlorination of the dialkyl α,ω-dihydroxysiloxanes in the hydrolysis products of the (higher alkyl)methyldichlorosilanes, OH groups are replaced by Cl atoms.

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry published new progress about 14799-94-1. 14799-94-1 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Dichloro(hexyl)(methyl)silane, and the molecular formula is C7H16Cl2Si, Application In Synthesis of 14799-94-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ngoma Tchibouanga, Remi Rolland published the artcile3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid co-crystals with nicotinamide, isonicotinamide, phenazine and 4,4′-bipyridine: An investigation of synthon motifs, Recommanded Product: 3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, the publication is Journal of Molecular Structure (2020), 127195, database is CAplus.

Multicomponent crystals of 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (CHPAA) with nicotinamide (NAM), isonicotinamide (INAM), phenazine (PHZN) and 4,4′-bipyridine (BIPY) were successfully synthesized by the slow evaporation technique. The co-crystals were characterized using x-ray diffraction, thermal anal., FTIR spectroscopy and Hirshfeld surface anal. Both NAM and INAM co-crystal structures exhibited O-H···N and N-H···O interactions. The INAM co-crystal structure demonstrated the tetrameric amide homosynthon. The incorporation of H₂O into the NAM co-crystal structure resulted in addnl. O-H···O H bonds. PHZ and BIPY co-crystal structures displayed O-H···N interactions. The 2CHPAA•BIPY structure also showed an interesting CHPAA dimer with a head to tail motif characterized by O-H···O and formed a H bonded ring described as R²₂(18). Weaker interactions C-H···O, C-H···Cl and π ··· π stacking were also observed in the crystal structures. Alternate preparation methods such as grinding and slurry experiments were also explored. Crystallog. data are given.

Journal of Molecular Structure published new progress about 33697-81-3. 33697-81-3 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H7ClO3, Recommanded Product: 3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Westerhaus, Felix A. published the artcileHeterogenized cobalt oxide catalysts for nitroarene reduction by pyrolysis of molecularly defined complexes, HPLC of Formula: 350-30-1, the publication is Nature Chemistry (2013), 5(6), 537-543, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Molecularly well-defined homogeneous catalysts are known for a wide variety of chem. transformations. The effect of small changes in mol. structure can be studied in detail and used to optimize many processes. However, many industrial processes require heterogeneous catalysts because of their stability, ease of separation, and recyclability, but these are more difficult to control on a mol. level. Here, we describe the conversion of homogeneous cobalt complexes into heterogeneous cobalt oxide catalysts via immobilization and pyrolysis on activated carbon. The catalysts thus produced are useful for the industrially important reduction of nitroarenes to anilines. The ligand indirectly controls the selectivity and activity of the recyclable catalyst and catalyst optimization can be performed at the level of the solution-phase precursor before conversion into the active heterogeneous catalyst.

Nature Chemistry published new progress about 350-30-1. 350-30-1 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Fluoride,Chloride,Nitro Compound,Benzene, name is 3-Chloro-4-fluoronitrobenzene, and the molecular formula is C8H11NO, HPLC of Formula: 350-30-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oh, Sangmi published the artcileConstruction of a Polyheterocyclic Benzopyran Library with Diverse Core Skeletons through Diversity-Oriented Synthesis Pathway, Formula: C7H8BClO2, the publication is Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry (2010), 12(4), 548-558, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In this study, a divergent and practical solid-phase parallel diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) strategy was successfully applied for the construction of five discrete core skeletons embedded with privileged benzopyranyl (chroman/2H-chromene) substructure. The diversity of these core skeletons was expanded through the introduction of various substituents at the benzopyran aromatic and 2 positions and at the N atoms of appended heterocycles from a single key intermediate in five different pathways. More importantly, we efficiently maximized the mol. diversity through the transformation of the core skeleton itself by using the library-to-library concept and created a distinctively different collection of small mols. with the same building blocks. A 434-member polyheterocyclic benzopyran library was constructed on a scale of about 10 mg with the potential for further diversification. Without further purification, the average purity of the library is 85%.

Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry published new progress about 209919-30-2. 209919-30-2 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Boronic acid and ester,Benzene,Boronic Acids,Boronic acid and ester, name is 4-Chloro-2-methylphenylboronic acid, and the molecular formula is C7H8BClO2, Formula: C7H8BClO2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Van de Pas, Bram A. published the artcileEnergy yield of respiration on chloroaromatic compounds in Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans, Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Applied and Environmental Microbiology (2001), 67(9), 3958-3963, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The amount of energy that can be conserved via halorespiration by Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans JW/IU-DC1 was determined by comparison of the growth yields of cells grown with 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl acetate (Cl-OHPA) and different electron donors. Cultures that were grown with lactate, pyruvate, formate, or hydrogen as an electron donor and Cl-OHPA as an electron acceptor yielded 3.1, 6.6, 1.6, and 1.6 g (dry weight) per mol of reduction equivalent, resp. Fermentative growth on pyruvate yielded 14 g (dry weight) per mol of pyruvate oxidized. Pyruvate was not fermented stoichiometrically to acetate and lactate, but an excess of acetate was produced. Experiments with ¹³C-labeled bicarbonate showed that during pyruvate fermentation, approx. 9% of the acetate was formed from the reduction of CO₂. Comparison of the growth yields suggests that 1 mol of ATP is produced per mol of acetate produced by substrate-level phosphorylation and that there is no contribution of electron transport phosphorylation when D. dehalogenans grows on lactate plus Cl-OHPA or pyruvate plus Cl-OHPA. Furthermore, the growth yields indicate that approx. 1/3 mol of ATP is conserved per mol of Cl-OHPA reduced in cultures grown in formate plus Cl-OHPA and hydrogen plus Cl-OHPA. Because neither formate nor hydrogen nor Cl-OHPA supports substrate-level phosphorylation, energy must be conserved through the establishment of a protonmotive force. Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, lactate dehydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, and hydrogenase were localized by in vitro assays with membrane-impermeable electron acceptors and donors. The orientation of chlorophenol-reductive dehalogenase in the cytoplasmic membrane, however, could not be determined A model is proposed, which may explain the topol. analyses as well as the results obtained in the yield study.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology published new progress about 33697-81-3. 33697-81-3 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6BrFO2, Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reemtsma, T. published the artcilePotential of ethyl acetate in the determination of extractable organic halogens (EOX) from contaminated soil, sediment, and sewage sludge, Formula: C8H7ClO3, the publication is Chemosphere (1996), 32(5), 815-26, database is CAplus.

The potential of Me tert-Bu ether, toluene and Et acetate for determining extractable organic halogens (EOX) from contaminated soil, lake sediments and sewage sludge was studied and compared with hexane, which is prescribed in the German standard method of EOX determination Soxhlet-extraction with Et acetate proved most efficient and yielded 2-6 times the EOX-values obtained by hexane. Washing of Et acetate extracts is not necessary, since interferences by coextd. inorganic halides was negligible if dried samples are extracted The detection limit is at 0.1-0.2 μg g^-1 with standard deviations between 3-7%. The method was further evaluated by application onto soil samples spiked with 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid (I) and phosphoric acid-tris-(2-chloroethyl) ester (II). Et acetate recoveries were 45-52% for I and 77-110% for II, compared with 6-13% recovery by hexane. Et acetate extraction substantially improves the EOX-determination but it might still underestimate the true value. For all sewage sludge, soil and sediment samples the EOX/EOM (extractable organic matter) ratio did also increase using Et acetate. This indicates the importance of polar halogenated contaminants which are amenable by Et acetate extraction rather than by hexane. The implications of EOX/EOM ratios for EOX dynamics are discussed.

Chemosphere published new progress about 33697-81-3. 33697-81-3 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H7ClO3, Formula: C8H7ClO3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Schwarze, Benedikt published the artcile2,2′-Bipyridine-Modified Tamoxifen: A Versatile Vector for Molybdacarboranes, Computed Properties of 6313-54-8, the publication is ChemMedChem (2019), 14(24), 2075-2083, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Investigations on the antitumor activity of metallacarboranes are sparse in the literature and limited to a handful of ruthena- and molybdacarboranes. In this study, the molybdacarborane fragment [3-(CO)₂-closo-3,1,2-MoC₂B₉H₁₁] was combined with a vector mol., inspired by the well-known drug tamoxifen or 4,4′-dihydroxytamoxifen (TAM-diOH). The molybdacarborane derivative [3,3-{4-[1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)but-1-en-2-yl]-2,2′-bipyridine-κ²N,N′}-3-(CO)₂-closo-3,1,2-MoC₂B₉H₁₁] (10), as well as the ligand itself 4-[1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)but-1-en-2-yl]-2,2′-bipyridine (6) showed cytotoxic activities in the low micromolar range against breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-361 and MCF-7), human glioblastoma (LN-229) and human glioma (U-251) cell lines. In addition, compounds 6 and 10 were found to induce senescence and cytodestructive autophagy, lower ROS/RNS levels, but only the molybdacarborane 10 induced a strong increase of nitric oxide (NO) concentration in the MCF-7 cells.

ChemMedChem published new progress about 6313-54-8. 6313-54-8 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Chloride,Carboxylic acid, name is 2-Chloroisonicotinic acid, and the molecular formula is C12H13NO3, Computed Properties of 6313-54-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kitamura, Seiya published the artcileRational Design of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of an Epoxide Hydrolase Virulence Factor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Computed Properties of 350-30-1, the publication is Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2016), 59(10), 4790-4799, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The virulence factor cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitory factor (Cif) is secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and is the founding member of a distinct class of epoxide hydrolases (EHs) that triggers the catalysis-dependent degradation of the CFTR. We describe here the development of a series of potent and selective Cif inhibitors by structure-based drug design. Initial screening revealed 1a (KB2115), a thyroid hormone analog, as a lead compound with low micromolar potency. Structural requirements for potency were systematically probed, and interactions between Cif and 1a were characterized by X-ray crystallog. On the basis of these data, new compounds were designed to yield addnl. hydrogen bonding with residues of the Cif active site. From this effort, three compounds were identified that are 10-fold more potent toward Cif than our first-generation inhibitors and have no detectable thyroid hormone-like activity. These inhibitors will be useful tools to study the pathol. role of Cif and have the potential for clin. application.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 350-30-1. 350-30-1 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Fluoride,Chloride,Nitro Compound,Benzene, name is 3-Chloro-4-fluoronitrobenzene, and the molecular formula is C6H3ClFNO2, Computed Properties of 350-30-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ford-Moore, A. H. published the artcileSynthetic mydriatics, Recommanded Product: 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine hydrochloride, the publication is Journal of the Chemical Society (1947), 55-60, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Tertiary (chloroalkyl)amine HCl salts were prepared by the method of Gough and King (C.A. 23, 91). Quaternary (chloroalkyl)ammonium chlorides were prepared by addition of MeI to the tertiary base and subsequent digestion with AgCl or by keeping the quaternary hydroxyalkylammonium chloride in CHCl₃, with SOCl₂. Dimethylethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium picate, yellow, m. 251°; dimethylethyl(2-chloroethyl)ammonium chloride, hygroscopic, m. 213° (decomposition) (picrate, orange, m. 200°); dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)isopropylammonium chloride, hygroscopic; (2-chloroethyl)isopropylamine-HCl m. 180-1° (2-chloroethyl)diisopropylamine-HCl m. 110°; dimethyl(2-chloropropyl)amine-HCl, hygroscopic, m. 196°; Me dimethylaminotert-butyl ketone-HBr m. 174° (picrate, yellow, m. 150°); 3-chloro-1-dimethylamino-2,2-dimethylbutane picrate m. 160°; 3-dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol-HBr m. 158-9°; 1-(2-chloroethyl)piperidine-MeI m. 176-7°; 1,1-dimethyl-3-(chloromethyl)piperidinium iodide m. 176-7°. 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)thiamorpholine-MeCl, m. 258° (decomposition), from 4-methylthiamorpholine and Cl(CH₂)₂OH; 4-(2-chloroethyl)thiamorpholine-MeCl decompose 232-5°. Me₂N(CH₂)₂NH₂ forms a monobenzilate, m. 152°, and a dibenzilate, m. 168-9°; the former, heated at 185° 2 hrs. and 0.5 hr. in vacuo, gives N-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)benzilamide-HO₂CC(OH)Ph₂, m. 126°; the free amide m. 124°. 1-Naphthyl isonitrosobenzyl ketone (I), yellow, m. 130-1°; 1,2-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-(1-naphthyl)ethane (II) m. 102-3°. Phenyl(1-naphthyl)glycolic acid (III), with 2 mols. H₂O, m. 117° and then 147-8°; concentrated H₂SO₄ gives a greenish-yellow color turning green. The 2-isomer of I m. 159-60°; of II m. 88-9°; of III m. 145-6° and with concentrated H₂SO₄ gives a greenish-blue color turning mauve. 2-Dimethylaminoethyl benzilate m. 91-2°; H benzilate m. 159-60°. 2-Diethylaminoethyl benzilate m. 54°. 2-(Methylpropylamino)ethyl benzilate-HCl, m. 154°. 3-Dimethylamino-2,2-dimethylpropyl benzilate, m. 66-7°; piperidinoethyl benzilate, m. 71-2°. β-4-Benziloyloxy-1,2,2,6-tetramethylpiperidine m. 155-6°; the α-form m. 137-8°; 4-benzilyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine m. 94°. The benzilic esters were prepared as follows: An intimate mixture of the (chloroalkyl)dialkylamine-HCl and K benzilate is heated at 140-60° 3-4 hrs., the cooled melt extracted with hot EtOH, and the residue from the EtOH stirred with Me₂CO; in a few cases, the amine and the acid were heated in boiling PHCl, from which the ester-HCl separated (IV). The (chloroalkyl)trialkylammonium chloride (or iodide) is heated in boiling EtOH with K (or Ag) benzilate 1 hr., and the filtrate evaporated and heated at 100° until solid (V). The tertiary aminoalkyl benzilate and an alkyl halide are heated without solvent or in Me₂CO; the methiodide and AgCl in MeOH give the methochloride (VI). The dry tertiary amino alc.-HCl is heated with Ph₂ClCCOCl until HCl evolution ceases (3-5 hrs.) (VII). The potency of these compounds is discussed in C.A. 40, 159.6. The following benzilates, Ph₂C(OH)CO₂R.R’X, were prepared by the methods indicated: R.R’X = CH₂CH₂NMe₂.HCl (IV), m. 188-9°; CH₂CH₂NMe₂.MeCl.-0.5H₂O (V), m. 218°; CH₂CH₂NMe₂.EtCl (VI, V), m. 213°; CH₂CH₂NMe₂.iso-PrCl (V), m. 199-200°; CH₂CH₂NMe₂.PrBr (VI), m. 186-7°; CH₂CH₂NMe₂.CH₃CH:CH₂Br (VI), m. 161-2°; CH₂CH₂NMe₂.BuBr (VI), m. 143-4°; CH₂CH₂NMe₂.AmBr (VI), m. 129-30; CH₂CH₂NMe₂.BrCH₂CH₂Br (VI), m. 173°; CH₂CH₂NEt₂.HCl (IV), m. 174-5°; CH₂CH₂NEt₂.MeCl (V), m. 184-5°; CH₂CH₂NEt₂.EtBr (VI), m. 220°; CH₂CH₂NEt₂.PrBr (VI), m. 171°; CH₂CH₂N(iso-Pr)₂.HCl (IV), m. 147-8°; CH₂CH₂N(iso-Pr)₂.MeCl (VI), m. 174-5°; CH₂CH₂NMeEt.PrBr (VI), m. 189°; (CH₂)₃NEt₂.MeCl (V), m. 195°; (CH₂)₃NMeEt.MeCl (V), m. 181°; CHMeCH₂NMe₂.EtBr (VI), m. 213°; CHMeCMe₂CH₂NMe₂.HCl (VII), m. 174-5°; CH₂CMe₂CH₂NMe₂.EtI (VI), m. 136-7°; CH₂CH₂NC₅H₁₀.HCl (IV), m. 170-1°; 2-(1-piperidyl)ethyl MeCl (V), m. 215°; 2-(1-piperidyl)isopropyl-HCl (VI), m. 167-8°; CH₂CH₂NC₄H₈O.HCl (IV), m. 181°; 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl-MeCl (V), m. 207-8°; 2-thiamorpholinyl)ethyl-MeCl (V), m. 227° (decomposition) (dioxide, CH₂CH₂N(CH₂.CH₂)₂SO₂.MeCl (V), m. 225° (decomposition)); (1-methyl-3-piperidyl) methyl-Me Cl (V), m. 238° (decomposition); β-form of 1,2,2,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl-HCl (VII), m. 244° (decomposition) (methiodide (VI), m. 225° (decomposition); methochloride, with 1 mol. iso-PrOH, m. 224° (decomposition)); α-form methiodide (VI), m. 239° (decomposition) (methochloride (VI), with 1 mol. iso-PrOH, m. 212° (decomposition)); 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl-HCl (VII), m. 253° (decomposition) (ethobromide (VI), m. 255° (decomposition)). PhMeC(OH)CO₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂.MeCl.H₂O (V) m. 170°; PhCH(CH₂OH)CO₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂.MeCl.0.5H₂O (V) m. 178-9°; PhMeC(OH)CO₂CH₂CH₂NC₅H₁₀.MeCl (V) m. 164-5°; (C₆H₄)₂C(OH)CO₂CH₂CH₂NC₄H₈O.HCl (IV) m. 195-6°; PhMeC(OH)CO₂CH₂CH₂NC₄H₈O.HCl (IV) m. 192° (decomposition); Ph₂C(OH)CONHCH₂CH₂NMe₂.EtBr (VI) m. 227°; 2-C₁₀H₇ CPh(OH) CO₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂.EtCl (IV) m. 221° (decomposition); 1-C₁₀H₇CPh(OH) CO₂CH₂CH₂NMe₂.EtCl (V) m. 194-5°.

Journal of the Chemical Society published new progress about 4584-49-0. 4584-49-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Salt,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine hydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C5H13Cl2N, Recommanded Product: 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine hydrochloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics