Discovery of 95-49-8

Application In Synthesis of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene. About 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, If you have any questions, you can contact Yamada, M; Shio, Y; Akiyama, T; Honma, T; Ohki, Y; Takahashi, N; Murai, K; Arisawa, M or concate me.

Application In Synthesis of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene. In 2019.0 GREEN CHEM published article about EFFICIENT CATALYST; PD NANOPARTICLES; COMPLEX; HALIDES; CORRIU; HECK in [Yamada, Makito; Shio, Yasunori; Akiyama, Toshiki; Murai, Kenichi; Arisawa, Mitsuhiro] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Yamada Oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan; [Honma, Tetsuo] Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan; [Ohki, Yuuta; Takahashi, Naoyuki] Tokyo Rikakikai Co Ltd Brand EYELA, Bunkyo Ku, TN Koishikawa Bldg 1-15-17 Koishikawa, Tokyo 1120002, Japan in 2019.0, Cited 32.0. The Name is 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 95-49-8.

We have explored the effect of a co-existing metal in the ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of an aryl chloride, which is promoted by a continuous irradiation type microwave and a palladium nanoparticle catalyst, and found that the co-existing metal affects this reaction due to its absorption ability of microwave energy in the reaction system. We also observed that spiking occurred more frequently in the presence of a co-existing metal.

Application In Synthesis of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene. About 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, If you have any questions, you can contact Yamada, M; Shio, Y; Akiyama, T; Honma, T; Ohki, Y; Takahashi, N; Murai, K; Arisawa, M or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Nanjing Zhongteng Chemical Co., Ltd.; Zhong Hua; Lu Minshan; Chen Xiuzhen; Liu Qiaobao; Yin Hengbo; Wang Aili; (8 pag.)CN104876790; (2017); B;,
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Get Up to Speed Quickly on Emerging Topics:C7H7Cl

About 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, If you have any questions, you can contact Wu, JW; Zhang, P; Guo, ZX or concate me.. Formula: C7H7Cl

Recently I am researching about KYODAI-NITRATION; NITRIC-ACID; CHLOROBENZENE; MONONITRATION; PARAMETERS; PHENOLS; TOLUENE; MILD; C-60; MONO, Saw an article supported by the . Computed Properties of C7H7Cl. Published in PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD in OXFORD ,Authors: Wu, JW; Zhang, P; Guo, ZX. The CAS is 95-49-8. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene

A variety of deactivated arenes were nitrated to their corresponding nitro derivatives in excellent yields under high-speed ball milling condition using Fe(NO3)(3)center dot 9H(2)O/P2O5 as nitrating reagent. A radical involved mechanism was proposed for this facial, eco-friendly, safe, and effective nitration reaction. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

About 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, If you have any questions, you can contact Wu, JW; Zhang, P; Guo, ZX or concate me.. Formula: C7H7Cl

Reference:
Patent; Nanjing Zhongteng Chemical Co., Ltd.; Zhong Hua; Lu Minshan; Chen Xiuzhen; Liu Qiaobao; Yin Hengbo; Wang Aili; (8 pag.)CN104876790; (2017); B;,
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An overview of features, applications of compound:95-49-8

About 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, If you have any questions, you can contact Merli, D; Speltini, A; Dondi, D; Longhi, D; Milanese, C; Profumo, A or concate me.. Safety of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene

I found the field of Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Intermolecular interactions of substituted benzenes on multi-walled carbon nanotubes grafted on HPLC silica microspheres and interaction study through artificial neural networks published in 2019.0. Application In Synthesis of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, Reprint Addresses Speltini, A; Profumo, A (corresponding author), Univ Pavia, Dept Chem, Via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.. The CAS is 95-49-8. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene

Purified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grafted onto silica microspheres by gamma-radiation were applied as a HPLC stationary phase for investigating the intermolecular interactions between MWCNTs and substituted benzenes. The synthetic route, simple and not requiring CNTs derivatization, involved no alteration of the nanotube original morphology and physical-chemical properties. The affinity of a set of substituted benzenes for the MWCNTs was studied by correlating the capacity factor (k’) of each probe to its physico-chemical characteristics (calculated by Density Functional Theory). The correlation was found through a theoretical approach based on feedforward neural networks. This strategy was adopted because today these calculations are easily affordable for small molecules (like the analytes), and many critical parameters needed are not known. This might increase the applicability of the proposed method to other cases of study. Moreover, it was seen that the normal linear fit does not provide a good model. The interaction on the MWCNT phase was compared to that of an octadecyl (C18) reversed phase, under the same elution conditions. Results from trained neural networks indicated that the main role in the interactions between the analytes and the stationary phases is due to dipole moment, polarizability and LUMO energy. As expected for the C18 stationary phase correlation, is due to dipole moment and polarizability, while for the MWCNT stationary phase primarily to LUMO energy followed by polarizability, evidence for a specific interaction between MWCNTs and analytes. The CNT-based hybrid material proved to be not only a chromatographic phase but also a useful tool to investigate the MWCNT-molecular interactions with variously substituted benzenes. (C) 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

About 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, If you have any questions, you can contact Merli, D; Speltini, A; Dondi, D; Longhi, D; Milanese, C; Profumo, A or concate me.. Safety of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene

Reference:
Patent; Nanjing Zhongteng Chemical Co., Ltd.; Zhong Hua; Lu Minshan; Chen Xiuzhen; Liu Qiaobao; Yin Hengbo; Wang Aili; (8 pag.)CN104876790; (2017); B;,
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Discovery of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene

About 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, If you have any questions, you can contact Liu, WJ; Xu, JM; Chen, XH; Zhang, FX; Xu, ZF; Wang, DP; He, YQ; Xia, XH; Zhang, X; Liang, Y or concate me.. Quality Control of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene

In 2020.0 ORG LETT published article about CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; EFFICIENT COPPER CATALYST; BOND-FORMING REACTIONS; C-N; (HETERO)ARYL CHLORIDES; TEMPERATURE AMINATION; NICKEL PRECATALYST; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; ARYLATION; LIGAND in [Liu, Wenjie; Xu, Jiamin; Chen, Xiahong; Zhang, Fuxing; Xu, Zhifeng; Wang, Deping; Zhang, Xin] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Key Lab Funct Organometall Mat, Hengyang 421008, Hunan, Peoples R China; [He, Yongqiang; Xia, Xiaohong] Hunan Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Xin; Liang, Yun] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410081, Peoples R China in 2020.0, Cited 121.0. The Name is 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 95-49-8. HPLC of Formula: C7H7Cl

A class of 2-aminopyridine 1-oxides are discovered to be effective ligands for the Cu-catalyzed amination of less reactive (hetero)aryl chlorides. A wide range of functionalized (hetero)aryl chlorides reacted with various aliphatic amines to afford the desired products in good to excellent yields under the catalyst of CuI/2-aminopyridine 1-oxides. Furthermore, the catalyst system worked well for the coupling of cyclic secondary amines and N-methyl benzylamine with (hetero)aryl chlorides.

About 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, If you have any questions, you can contact Liu, WJ; Xu, JM; Chen, XH; Zhang, FX; Xu, ZF; Wang, DP; He, YQ; Xia, XH; Zhang, X; Liang, Y or concate me.. Quality Control of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene

Reference:
Patent; Nanjing Zhongteng Chemical Co., Ltd.; Zhong Hua; Lu Minshan; Chen Xiuzhen; Liu Qiaobao; Yin Hengbo; Wang Aili; (8 pag.)CN104876790; (2017); B;,
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The Shocking Revelation of C7H8ClN

Recommanded Product: 87-63-8. About 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline, If you have any questions, you can contact Guo, HC; Zheng, RH; Jiang, HJ; Xu, ZY; Xia, AB or concate me.

An article Preparation of sub-microspherical Fe3O4@PDA-Pd NPs catalyst and application in catalytic hydroreduction reaction of halogenated aromatic nitro compounds to prepare halogenated aromatic amines WOS:000497443800001 published article about CHEMOSELECTIVE HYDROGENATION; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION; RECYCLABLE CATALYST; REDUCTION in [Guo, Haichang; Zheng, Renhua; Jiang, Huajiang] Taizhou Univ, Sch Pharmaceut & Mat Engn, Taizhou 318000, Peoples R China; [Xu, Zhenyuan; Xia, Aibao] Zhejiang Univ Technol, Catalyt Hydrogenat Res Ctr, Zhejiang Key Lab Green Pesticides & Cleaner Prod, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 32. Recommanded Product: 87-63-8. The Name is 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 87-63-8

Background The side reactions of dehalogenation or C-N coupling tend to occur when halogenated aromatic amines are prepared by catalytic hydrogenation reduction of halogenated aromatic nitro compounds. In this paper, we prepared the sub-microspherical Fe3O4@PDA-Pd NPs catalyst apply it efficiently in the hydrogenation reduction of halogenated aromatic nitro compounds to prepare the halogenated aromatic amines under atmospheric pressure. The catalyst shows a high selectivity of greater than 96% and can effectively inhibit the occurrence of the side reactions of dehalogenation and C-N coupling. Results The optimum condition of the hydroreduction reaction is when tetrahydrofuran is used as solvent and the reaction happens at 50 degrees C for 5 h. The selectivity of the chlorinated aromatic amine and the fluorinated aromatic amine products exceed 99% and the yield exceeds 90%. Only a small amount of dehalogenated products and C-N coupling by-products were produced in the brominated aromatic compound and the iodinated aromatic compound. Conclusion We developed a promising method for preparing the superparamagnetic and strongly magnetic Fe3O4@PDA core-shell sub-microsphere-supported nano-palladium catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogenation reduction of halogenated aromatic nitro compounds. The halogenated aromatic amines were efficiently and highly selectively prepared under atmospheric pressure, with the side reactions of dehalogenation and C-N coupling effectively inhabited simultaneously.

Recommanded Product: 87-63-8. About 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline, If you have any questions, you can contact Guo, HC; Zheng, RH; Jiang, HJ; Xu, ZY; Xia, AB or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; ASTRAZENECA AB; NPS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.; WO2006/20879; (2006); A1;,
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

What kind of challenge would you like to see in a future of compound:2-Chloro-6-methylaniline

About 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline, If you have any questions, you can contact Li, X; Xie, WJ; Wang, XT; Huang, ZZ; Bian, XL; Wang, KW; Sun, Q or concate me.. Quality Control of 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline

An article Chemical conversion of nicotinamide into type I positive allosteric modulator of alpha 7 nAChRs WOS:000471750200013 published article about ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR AGONIST; PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; APOPTOSIS; SUBUNIT; RELEASE in [Li, Xin; Xie, Wenjun; Huang, Zongze; Sun, Qi] Peking Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, State Key Lab Nat & Biomimet Drugs, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China; [Xie, Wenjun; Wang, Xintong; Bian, Xiling; Wang, KeWei] Peking Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Mol & Cellular Pharmacol, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China; [Wang, KeWei] Qingdao Univ, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 38. The Name is 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 87-63-8. Recommanded Product: 87-63-8

Structural modifications of nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3, gave rise to a series of compounds (8aa-8ce) that exhibit activities as type I positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of human alpha 7 nAChR expressed in Xenopus oocytes in two-electrode voltage clamp assay. The compound 8ai was a potent and efficacious PAM with an EC50 = 3.34 +/- 1.13 mu M and the maximum activation effect of alpha 7 current over 1474 +/- 246% in the presence of acetylcholine (100 mu M). It is highly specific to alpha 7 nAChR over other subtypes of nAChR and 5-HT3A receptors. The structure-activity relationship analysis identified a key skeleton of nicotinamide nucleus critical for biological activity. Taken together, the 8ai as a type I PAM of alpha 7 nAChR may be beneficial for improvement of cognitive deficit.

About 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline, If you have any questions, you can contact Li, X; Xie, WJ; Wang, XT; Huang, ZZ; Bian, XL; Wang, KW; Sun, Q or concate me.. Quality Control of 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline

Reference:
Patent; ASTRAZENECA AB; NPS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.; WO2006/20879; (2006); A1;,
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The Shocking Revelation of C7H7Cl

About 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, If you have any questions, you can contact Abou Derhamine, S; Krachko, T; Monteiro, N; Pilet, G; Schranck, J; Tlili, A; Amgoune, A or concate me.. Quality Control of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene

Formula: C7H7Cl. I found the field of Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Nickel-Catalyzed Mono-Selective alpha-Arylation of Acetone with Aryl Chlorides and Phenol Derivatives published in 2020.0, Reprint Addresses Tlili, A; Amgoune, A (corresponding author), Univ Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Inst Chem & Biochem ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246, CNRS,INSA,CPE Lyon, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.; Amgoune, A (corresponding author), Inst Univ France IUF, 1 Rue Descartes, F-75231 Paris 05, France.. The CAS is 95-49-8. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene.

The challenging nickel-catalyzed mono-alpha-arylation of acetone with aryl chlorides, pivalates, and carbamates has been achieved for the first time. A nickel/Josiphos-based catalytic system is shown to feature unique catalytic behavior, allowing the highly selective formation of the desired mono-alpha-arylated acetone. The developed methodology was applied to a variety of (hetero)aryl chlorides including biologically relevant derivatives. The methodology has been extended to the unprecedented coupling of acetone with phenol derivatives. Mechanistic studies allowed the isolation and characterization of key Ni(0)and Ni(II)catalytic intermediates. The Josiphos ligand is shown to play a key role in the stabilization of Ni(II)intermediates to allow a Ni-0/Ni(II)catalytic pathway. Mechanistic understanding was then leveraged to improve the protocol using an air-stable Ni(II)pre-catalyst.

About 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, If you have any questions, you can contact Abou Derhamine, S; Krachko, T; Monteiro, N; Pilet, G; Schranck, J; Tlili, A; Amgoune, A or concate me.. Quality Control of 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene

Reference:
Patent; Nanjing Zhongteng Chemical Co., Ltd.; Zhong Hua; Lu Minshan; Chen Xiuzhen; Liu Qiaobao; Yin Hengbo; Wang Aili; (8 pag.)CN104876790; (2017); B;,
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

What about chemistry interests you the most C7H8ClN

Name: 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline. About 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline, If you have any questions, you can contact Li, YH; Sun, LL; Yang, TY; Jiao, WX; Tang, JS; Huang, XM; Huang, ZZ; Meng, Y; Luo, LC; Wang, XT; Bian, XL; Zhang, F; Wang, KW; Sun, Q or concate me.

Li, YH; Sun, LL; Yang, TY; Jiao, WX; Tang, JS; Huang, XM; Huang, ZZ; Meng, Y; Luo, LC; Wang, XT; Bian, XL; Zhang, F; Wang, KW; Sun, Q in [Li, Yuanheng; Jiao, Wenxuan; Huang, Zongze; Meng, Ying; Luo, Laichun; Wang, KeWei; Sun, Qi] Peking Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, State Key Lab Nat & Biomimet Drugs, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China; [Sun, Lilan; Zhang, Fang; Wang, KeWei] Qingdao Univ, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, Qingdao 266021, Peoples R China; [Yang, Taoyi; Tang, Jingshu; Huang, Xiaomin; Wang, Xintong; Bian, Xiling; Wang, KeWei] Peking Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Mol & Cellular Pharmacol, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China published Design and Synthesis of Novel Positive Allosteric Modulators of alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors with the Ability To Rescue Auditory Gating Deficit in Mice in 2019, Cited 49. Name: 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline. The Name is 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 87-63-8.

A series of novel thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-ones (3aa-3eq) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as the type I positive allosteric modulators of human alpha 7 nAChR expressed in Xenopus ooctyes by a two-electrode voltage clamp. The structure-activity relationship analysis identified the compound 3ea as a potent and efficacious PAM with the maximum activation effect of the alpha 7 current of over 1633% in the presence of acetylcholine (100 mu M) and an EC50 = 1.26 mu M. It is highly specific to alpha 7 nAChR over other subtypes of nAChR, 5-HT3A, NMDA, and GABA(A) receptors. Compound 3ea showed an elimination half-life of 10.8 +/- 1.5 h for 3 mg/kg, i.v., and 7.4 +/- 1.1 h for 60 mg/kg, i.g. in rat. It also exhibited sufficient blood-brain barrier penetration with no significant effect on hERG channel. Most importantly, compound 3ea dose-dependently (0.1-1 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the prepulse inhibition deficit induced by MK-801 in the mouse schizophrenia model. X

Name: 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline. About 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline, If you have any questions, you can contact Li, YH; Sun, LL; Yang, TY; Jiao, WX; Tang, JS; Huang, XM; Huang, ZZ; Meng, Y; Luo, LC; Wang, XT; Bian, XL; Zhang, F; Wang, KW; Sun, Q or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; ASTRAZENECA AB; NPS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.; WO2006/20879; (2006); A1;,
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Extracurricular laboratory: Synthetic route of 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline

About 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline, If you have any questions, you can contact Zhang, P; Zhao, XM or concate me.. Computed Properties of C7H8ClN

An article Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Bioactivity Evaluation of a Heterocyclic Compound WOS:000581015600019 published article about MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; DENTAL-PULP; REGENERATION in [Zhang Peng; Zhao Xiao-Mei] Shaanxi Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 15. The Name is 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 87-63-8. HPLC of Formula: C7H8ClN

The heterocyclic compound 2-amino-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)thiazole-5-carboxamide (1), designed using 2-chloro-6-methylaniline (2) as the start material, was successfully obtained via multiple synthesis route and finally characterized by IR, H-1 NMR, and single-cystal X-ray crystallography. To select the suitable candidates for tissue regeneration, the induction activity of the compound on the dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) was evaluated. Firstly, the DP-MSCs cells were isolated and the cell colon formation ability was measured after compound treatment with cell colony determination. After that, the RT-PCT assay was conducted and the relative expression level of the genes related with cell osteogenesis and proliferation was further detected.

About 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline, If you have any questions, you can contact Zhang, P; Zhao, XM or concate me.. Computed Properties of C7H8ClN

Reference:
Patent; ASTRAZENECA AB; NPS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.; WO2006/20879; (2006); A1;,
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Downstream Synthetic Route Of C7H8ClN

Quality Control of 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline. About 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline, If you have any questions, you can contact Dinh, AN; Maddox, SM; Vaidya, SD; Saputra, MA; Nalbandian, CJ; Gustafson, JL or concate me.

Quality Control of 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline. Authors Dinh, AN; Maddox, SM; Vaidya, SD; Saputra, MA; Nalbandian, CJ; Gustafson, JL in AMER CHEMICAL SOC published article about in [Dinh, Andrew N.; Maddox, Sean M.; Vaidya, Sagar D.; Saputra, Mirza A.; Nalbandian, Christopher J.; Gustafson, Jeffrey L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Diego, CA 92182 USA in 2020, Cited 54. The Name is 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 87-63-8

We report a highly efficient ortho-selective electrophilic chlorination of phenols utilizing a Lewis basic selenoether catalyst. The selenoether catalyst resulted in comparable selectivities to our previously reported bis-thiourea ortho-selective catalyst, with a catalyst loading as low as 1%. The new catalytic system also allowed us to extend this chemistry to obtain excellent ortho-selectivities for unprotected anilines. The selectivities of this reaction are up to >20:1 ortho/para, while the innate selectivities for phenols and anilines are approximately 1:4 ortho/para. A series of preliminary studies revealed that the substrates require a hydrogen-bonding moiety for selectivity.

Quality Control of 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline. About 2-Chloro-6-methylaniline, If you have any questions, you can contact Dinh, AN; Maddox, SM; Vaidya, SD; Saputra, MA; Nalbandian, CJ; Gustafson, JL or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; ASTRAZENECA AB; NPS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.; WO2006/20879; (2006); A1;,
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics