Tag: M.W=100-150

Organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Product Details of C7H8ClN.

Zeng, Dongwen;Gu, Lijun;Zhang, Lizhu;Li, Ganpeng;He, Yonghui research published 《 Synthesis of aziridines by electrochemical oxidative annulation of chalcones with primary amines》, the research content is summarized as follows. Synthesis of aziridines by electrochem. oxidative annulation of chalcone 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one with primary amines has been developed under external oxidant – and base-free conditions. The reaction constitutes a new transformation of chalcones with primary amines to aziridines, providing a complementary, simple, and environmentally friendly approach to the currently available methods. A reaction mechanism for this transformation has been proposed based on the cyclic voltammetry.

Product Details of C7H8ClN, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., 104-86-9.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine.

Zeng, Le;Wang, Zhonghe;Zhang, Tiexin;Duan, Chunying research published 《 Direct Utilization of Near-Infrared Light for Photooxidation with a Metal-Free Photocatalyst》, the research content is summarized as follows. Near-IR (NIR) light-triggered photoredox catalysis is highly desirable because NIR light occupies almost 50% of solar energy and possesses excellent penetrating power in various media. Herein we utilize a metal-free boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative as the photocatalyst to achieve NIR light (720 nm LED)-driven oxidation of benzylamine derivatives, sulfides, and aryl boronic acids. Compared to blue light-driven photooxidation using Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂ as a photocatalyst, NIR light-driven photooxidation exhibited solvent independence and superior performance in large-volume (20 mL) reaction, presumably thanks to the neutral structure of a BODIPY photocatalyst and the deeper penetration depth of NIR light. We further demonstrate the application of this metal-free NIR photooxidation to prodrug activation and combination with Cu-catalysis for cross coupling reaction, exhibiting the potential of metal-free NIR photooxidation as a toolbox for organic synthesis and drug development.

Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., 104-86-9.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The class of organic compounds having covalently a bonded chlorine atom is called organic chlorides. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of named reactions and applications. COA of Formula: C7H8ClN.

Yang, Zhikun;Xu, Jiahui;Bai, Yumeng;Wang, Zhao;Duan, Liusheng;Tan, Weiming research published 《 Design, Synthesis and Gibberellin-Like Activity of Novel 1-Substituted 3-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiourea Derivatives》, the research content is summarized as follows. It has previously been demonstrated that a thiourea derivative, namely 1-phenethyl-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiourea (Y21), exhibits high gibberellin-like activity. In this work, the influence of the alkyl chain length and various benzene ring substituents on the biol. activity of Y21 was investigated. 1-Substituted 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiourea derivatives were designed, synthesized, and comprehensively evaluated. The biol. activity anal. demonstrated that at a dose of 0.1 μM, compound S8, i.e., 1-(3-bromophenethyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiourea, exhibited significantly higher promoting activity with respect to Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyl elongation and rice germination than did gibberellin A3 (GA3) and Y21. Moreover, the physiol. response of the A. thaliana mutant ga1-1 to treatment with S8 suggested that this compound possessed GA-like function. The mol. docking anal. indicated that S8 formed hydrogen bonding interactions with residues Phe238 and Ser191 of the gibberellin insensitive DWARF1 (GID1) receptor, which resulted in stronger binding with GID1 than Y21. The bioactivity of derivatives S1-S22 exhibited a clear neg. monotonic association with the mol. docking-based score values. Overall, it was determined that S8 displayed excellent GA-like bioactivity and facilitated hypocotyl elongation and germination; therefore, it could be applied as a potential plant growth regulator.

104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., COA of Formula: C7H8ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Alkyl chlorides, as versatile building blocks in organic chemistry, are used in the preparation of alcohols, thioethers, alkenes, alkynes, esters, and Grignard reagents. Quality Control of 104-86-9.

Yao, Chuansheng;Jiang, Xiaoying;Zhao, Rui;Zhong, Zhichao;Ge, Jiamin;Zhu, Junlong;Ye, Xiang-Yang;Xie, Yuanyuan;Liu, Zhen;Xie, Tian;Bai, Renren research published 《 HDAC1/MAO-B dual inhibitors against Alzheimer’s disease: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-propargylamine-hydroxamic acid/o-aminobenzamide hybrids》, the research content is summarized as follows. A series of N-propargylamine-hydroxamic acid/o-aminobenzamide hybrids inhibitors combining the typical pharmacophores of hydroxamic acid/o-aminobenzamide and propargylamine I [R = H, 2-Cl, 3-F, etc.] and II [R¹ = H, 2-CH₃, 4-F, etc.] were designed and synthesized as HDAC1/MAO-B dual inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Most of the hybrids displayed moderate to good MAO-B inhibitory activities. Among them, Hybrid I [R = 3-Cl] exhibited the most potent activity against MAO-B and HDAC1 (MAO-B, IC₅₀ = 99.0 nM; HDAC1, IC₅₀ = 21.4 nM) and excellent MAO selectively (MAO-A, IC₅₀ = 9923.0 nM; SI = 100.2). Moreover, compound I [R = 3-Cl] significantly reversed Aβ1-42-induced PC12 cell damage and decreased the production of intracellular ROS, exhibiting favorable antioxidant activity. More importantly, hybrid If instantly penetrated the BBB and accumulated in brain tissue as well as markedly ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in a Morris water maze ICR mice model. In summary, HDAC1/MAO-B dual inhibitor I [R = 3-Cl] was a promising potential agent for the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease.

Quality Control of 104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., 104-86-9.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organic chlorides are organic molecules with a C-Cl bond, for example chloroform (CH3-Cl) or vinyl chloride(C2H3Cl). 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. Quality Control of 104-86-9.

Yaremenko, Ivan A.;Belyakova, Yulia Yu.;Radulov, Peter S.;Novikov, Roman A.;Medvedev, Michael G.;Krivoshchapov, Nikolai V.;Korlyukov, Alexander A.;Alabugin, Igor V.;Terent’ev, Alexander O. research published 《 Inverse α-Effect as the Ariadne’s Thread on the Way to Tricyclic Aminoperoxides: Avoiding Thermodynamic Traps in the Labyrinth of Possibilities》, the research content is summarized as follows. Stable tricyclic aminoperoxides can be selectively assembled via a catalyst-free three-component condensation of β,δ’-triketones, H₂O₂, and an NH-group source such as aqueous ammonia or ammonium salts. This procedure is scalable and can produce gram quantities of tricyclic heterocycles, containing peroxide, nitrogen, and oxygen cycles in one mol. Amazingly, such complex tricyclic mols. are selectively formed despite the multitude of alternative reaction routes, via equilibration of peroxide, hemiaminal, monoperoxyacetal, and peroxyhemiaminal functionalities! The reaction is initiated by the “stereoelectronic frustration” of H₂O₂ and combines elements of thermodn. and kinetic control with a variety of mono-, bi-, and tricyclic structures evolving under the conditions of thermodn. control until they reach a kinetic wall created by the inverse α-effect, i.e., the stereoelectronic penalty for the formation of peroxycarbenium ions and related transition states. Under these conditions, the reaction stops before reaching the most thermodynamically stable products at a stage where three different heterocycles are assembled and fused at the acyclic precursor frame.

Quality Control of 104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., 104-86-9.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chloride substituents modify the physical properties of organic compounds in several ways. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. They are typically denser than water due to the presence of chlorine, which has a high atomic weight. Formula: C7H8ClN.

Yang, Hongchen;Zhang, Lu;Xu, Xiaoyong;Shao, Xusheng;Li, Zhong research published 《 Acid-Mediated Synthesis of Chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine Derivatives via Condensation of 2-Amino-3-formylchromones and 1-(Methylthio)-2-nitroenamine Derivatives》, the research content is summarized as follows. A convenient and effective protocol has been proposed for the synthesis of chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines I (R¹ = H, i-Pr; R² = Me, Et, PhCH₂, etc.) via the CF₃SO₃H-catalyzed annulation of substituted 2-amino-3-formylchromones II and various 1-(methylthio)-2-nitroenamines R²NHC(SMe):CHNO₂. This method is time-efficient, convenient, high-yielding and exhibits a good functional group compatibility.

104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., Formula: C7H8ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chloride substituents modify the physical properties of organic compounds in several ways. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. They are typically denser than water due to the presence of chlorine, which has a high atomic weight. Related Products of 104-86-9.

Xie, Yujuan;Feng, Huangdi;Qi, Yayu;Huang, Junhai;Huang, Liliang research published 《 Chemodivergent Synthesis of Oxazolidin-2-ones via Cu-Catalyzed Carboxyl Transfer Annulation of Propiolic Acids with Amines》, the research content is summarized as follows. Authors report the first example of copper(I)-catalyzed carboxyl transfer annulation of propiolic acids with amines, thereby chemodivergently constructing the oxazolidine-2-ones. In this reaction, two kinds of key propargyl amine intermediates were formed through sequential CuI/NBS-catalyzed oxidative deamination/decarboxylative alkynylation or CuI-catalyzed decarboxylative hydroamination/alkynylation. The advantages of this decarboxylative coupling/carboxylative cyclization are showcased in the atom economy, chem. specificity, and functional group tolerance.

104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., Related Products of 104-86-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Alkyl chlorides, as versatile building blocks in organic chemistry, are used in the preparation of alcohols, thioethers, alkenes, alkynes, esters, and Grignard reagents. Application In Synthesis of 104-86-9.

Xing, Chuanwang;Yu, Guiyang;Chen, Ting;Liu, Shanshan;Sun, Qiqi;Liu, Qi;Hu, Yujia;Liu, Heyuan;Li, Xiyou research published 《 Perylenetetracarboxylic diimide covalently bonded with mesoporous g-C₃N₄ to construct direct Z-scheme heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amines》, the research content is summarized as follows. Photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amines is a promising method for imine synthesis. In this paper, a robust covalently-bonded direct Z-scheme heterostructure (PDI/mpgCN) for photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amine was reported for the first time. Perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) mols. were covalently connected to the surface of mesoporous carbon nitride (mpgCN) via an in-situ condensation strategy. Compared with the poor conversion efficiency upon pristine g-C₃N₄, PDI/mpgCN heterostructure exhibits a remarkable enhancement on amine oxidation rate (AOR), with the optimal AOR reaches to as high as 20.63 mmol g^-1 h^-1 upon 20 % PDI/mpgCN. As far as we know, it is the highest AOR achieved so far for amine photooxidation coupling with heterojunction materials. Transient absorption studies proved the formation of Z-scheme junction, and efficient interfacial charge transfer. Our study not only makes an insight into the heterojunction design with chem. bond precision, but highlights the great prospects of Z-scheme photocatalyst in photo-chem. synthesis.

Application In Synthesis of 104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., 104-86-9.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Alkyl chlorides, as versatile building blocks in organic chemistry, are used in the preparation of alcohols, thioethers, alkenes, alkynes, esters, and Grignard reagents. Computed Properties of 104-86-9.

Yadav, Suman;Pal, Saikat;Pal, Nilay Kumar;Din Reshi, Noor U.;Pal, Sourav;Bera, Jitendra K. research published 《 Switchable activity of a Ru catalyst bearing an annulated mesoionic carbene ligand for oxidation of primary amines》, the research content is summarized as follows. The catalytic activity of a Ru complex I, bearing a fused π-conjugated imidazo[1,2-a][1,8]naphthyridine-based mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligand, is examined for the oxidation of primary amines RCH₂NH₂ (R = n-Pr, cyclohexyl, Ph, pyridin-2-yl, etc.). Complex I affords nitriles RCN or imines RCH:NCH₂R depending on the nature of the terminal oxidants and solvents used in the reactions. Primary amines are converted to nitriles using NaIO₄ in EtOAc/H₂O mixture, whereas imines are obtained under O₂ balloon pressure in toluene. A variety of nitriles and imines is accessed with high yields and selectivity. A set of control experiments, reaction profiles, and kinetic studies is undertaken to disclose the mechanistic details for nitrile and imine formation. The catalytic reactions illustrate a subtle dependency on the choice of oxidants and solvents in the oxidation of primary amines.

Computed Properties of 104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., 104-86-9.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The class of organic compounds having covalently a bonded chlorine atom is called organic chlorides. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of named reactions and applications. Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine.

Yamamoto, Yuki;Ota, Miyuto;Kodama, Shintaro;Ueshima, Michio;Nomoto, Akihiro;Ogawa, Akiya;Furuya, Mitsunori;Kawakami, Kiminori research published 《 Excellent Catalytic Performances of a Au/C-CuO Binary System in the Selective Oxidation of Benzylamines to Imines under Atmospheric Oxygen》, the research content is summarized as follows. A green method of the oxidation of benzylamines to imines was developed using a novel binary system of Au/C-CuO. This system was evaluated under atm. oxygen, and the corresponding imines were obtained in up to 100% yields by loading 0.006 mol % of Au/C and 1.25 mol % of CuO under mild conditions. This system was also successfully applied to the syntheses of N-containing functional mols., as well as that of imines on the scale of several grams. Furthermore, the turnover number of the system (more than 8000 times on a gold basis) as well as its ability to be reused more than 10 times for benzylamine oxidation demonstrates the excellent durability and recyclability of the developed system.

Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., 104-86-9.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics