Tag: 400-500

Furoate Based Functionalised Ionic Liquid: Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies was written by Rama, R.;Meenakshi, S.;Manjunathan, J.;Abirami, G.;Karthikeyan, S.. And the article was included in Australian Journal of Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A tetraalkyl ammonium cation and furoate anion based functionalised ionic liquid (FIL), N-methyl-N,N,N-trioctylammonium furoate ([MTOA]⁺[FA]^–) has been synthesized and characterised using FT-IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopic techniques. The invitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized FIL against two types of Gram-pos. bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter faecalis as well as Gram-neg. bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was tested using a well diffusion method. Similarly, an antifungal test was done against Candida albicans. [MTOA]⁺[FA]^– showed significant inhibitory effect against all the organisms tested as compared with the chosen standards Antibacterial activity against gram-pos. bacteria (zone of inhibition: 16 to 30mm) was found to be higher than that of Gram-neg. bacteria (zone of inhibition: 11 to 19mm). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the synthesized FIL from a ferrous ion (Fe²⁺) chelating assay and its scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, H₂O₂, and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical using spectrophotometric methods are reported. The FIL, [MTOA]⁺[FA]^– showed a moderate antioxidant activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Removal of Trace Aluminum Impurity for High-Purity GdCl₃ Preparation using an Amine-Group-Functionalized Ionic Liquid was written by Li, Fujian;Yan, Junjun;Zhang, Xiangping;Wang, Na;Dong, Haifeng;Bai, Lu;Gao, Hongshuai. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2021.Quality Control of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Aluminum, as an associated metal with rare-earth resources, is a common impurity in rare-earth separation products. In the traditional P507-kerosene-HCl system, tremendous aluminum impurity (8875 mg/L) is often enriched in GdCl₃ solutions because of the similar extraction sequence during rare-earth separation In this work, a new amine-group-functionalized ionic liquid (IL) was developed to remove trace aluminum impurity from high-purity GdCl₃ solutions, overcoming the drawbacks of strong hydrophilicity and complicated compositions of the organic phase, as well as other impurities introduced and tremendous saline wastewater produced inevitably. Methyltrioctylammonium hydroxide (N1888OH), instead of the water soluble ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH), was used to dissociate the dimer of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA12) and synthesize cation- and anion-bifunctionalized IL [N1888][CA12]. The separation factor of Al/Gd was as high as 36. The effects of pH, salting-out agent, extraction time, temperature, and stripping efficiency on the extraction efficiency were evaluated. The result showed that high-purity GdCl₃ solution was obtained with low aluminum impurity of 10 ppm after five-stage countercurrent extraction Due to the weak interaction between the metal and IL, very dilute HCl solution (0.07 mol/L) and NaOH solution (0.07 mol/L) were in favor of metal stripping and IL regeneration. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Quality Control of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Quality Control of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of aromatic compounds from contaminated water was written by Yakubu, Abdullahi;Gano, Zaharaddeen Sani;Ahmed, Omar Umar;Shuwa, Suleiman Mohammed;Atta, Abdulazeez Yusuf;Jibril, Baba Yakubu. And the article was included in Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering in 2022.Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) was synthesized from TBAB and decanoic acid and used to study the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbon from contaminated water samples. DES was screened by selecting different ratios between the TBAB and decanoic acid. A ratio of 1: 2 was observed to be the best among others and was used for the desired application. Within the temperature range of 25-70°C, physicochem. properties such as d. (944-915 kg/m³), viscosity (1,636-179 mPa·s), conductivity (141-1,007μS/cm), and pH (3.14-2.73) of the synthesized DES were determined For the extraction study, benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX)-doped water were used as a simulated contaminated water. Response surface methodol. was employed in modeling and optimizing the effects of temperature, time, and solvent mass fraction on the extraction efficiency of the DES. Extraction efficiency of 68.1%, 70.84% and 77.73% for BTX, resp., was recorded at optimum values of 25°C, 60 min and 0.6 (solvent mass fraction). Extraction efficiency as high as 86.61%, 88.94%, and 92.71% for BTX, resp., can be obtained within the design space. Effective regeneration and reuse of the DES after each extraction was carried out for five consecutive cycles; their results showed no significant decrease in their resp. extraction efficiencies and recovery of the DES. This, therefore, improves the overall performance of hydrophobic DES for the extraction process. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, thermal properties, vibrational spectra and computational studies of Trioctylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid was written by Assenine, Mohammed Amin;Haddad, Boumediene;Paolone, Annalisa;Brandan, Silvia Antonia;Goussem, Mimanne;Villemin, Didier;Boumediene, Mostefa;Rahmouni, Mustapha;Bresson, Serge. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2021.Recommanded Product: 5137-55-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this work, Aliquat 336 ([Aliquat⁺]) based ionic liquids containing the fluorinated anion bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [NTf^-2] was successfully prepared by the anionic exchange replacement of the chloride anion. The reaction of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with N-methyl-N,N,N-trioctylammonium chloride ([N_1,8,8,8])[Cl] in water lead to the corresponding IL, namely ([Aliquat⁺][NTf-²]). The obtained ionic liquid was characterized by using IR and Raman spectra and its structure was confirmed by ¹H , ¹³C, and ¹⁹F NMR. The thermal properties were investigated by two complementary thermal anal. techniques: TGA and DTA. A hexadentate coordination mode between cation-anion was predicted by atoms in mols. (AIM) studies for the [Aliquat+][NTf-2] IL by using B3LYP/6-31G* calculations where three O atoms of the anion in Cis conformation are linked to six H atoms of cation by S-O•••H interactions. Changes in the bond orders of S and O atoms of the cation supported such observations. The predicted cation-anion distances were in the range 2.30-2.60 Å. The harmonic force fields of cation and anion were calculated and the complete assignments were performed for both species while the most important bands observed in the IR and Raman spectra of the IL were assigned. In addition, the scaled force constants of cation and anion of the IL were also reported. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Recommanded Product: 5137-55-3).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Recommanded Product: 5137-55-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Insights into the Play of Novel Bronsted Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Conversion of Glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural without Additional Catalysts was written by Tao, Shunhui;Hu, Lei;Zhang, Xiaodong;Mai, Yinglin;Xian, Xiaoling;Zheng, Xiaojie;Lin, Xiaoqing. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2022.Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a versatile bio-platform chem. that connects biomass to a variety of different fuels, chems., and materials. In this work, novel Bronsted acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with both solvent and catalytic functionalities for glucose dehydration into 5-HMF were developed without the need of addnl. metal salt catalysts or heterogeneous catalysts. The types of hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), the ratio of HBD to HBA of the DES, heating time, reaction temperature, initial glucose concentration, and moisture content of the DES were systematically investigated to reveal the interplay of the DES in the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF. The most effective DES was found to be tri-Et benzyl ammonium chloride (TEBAC)/formic acid (FA) (molar ratio: 2:1) with a 5-HMF yield of 30.5 ± 1.0% in glucose dehydration and approx. 100% glucose conversion (initial glucose concentration: 2.5 weight %) in 60 min at 150°C. Most importantly, after five cycles, the TEBAC/FA (1:2) DES retained high stability and catalytic activity, with the yield of 5-HMF remaining 30.1 ± 0.5%. Interestingly, as the water content of the DES increased to 70%, the 5-HMF yield increased to 36.5 ± 1.0% along with an 8.01 ± 1.4% yield of levulinic acid. The finding of this study provided insights into the TEBAC/FA (1:2) DES with dual capabilities that might support more efficient bio-based commodity chem. production methods. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tetracycline adsorption from aqueous solutions by a magnetic nanoadsorbent modified with ionic liquid was written by Kasraei, Ruhollah;Malakootian, Mohammad. And the article was included in Desalination and Water Treatment in 2021.SDS of cas: 5137-55-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Removal of tetracycline (TC) by the adsorption process was investigated by using iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NP) modified with the trioctylmethylammonium thiosalicylate (TOMATS) ionic liquid (IL) (Fe₃O₄ NP@TOMATS IL) as a new magnetic nanoadsorbent. The adsorbent was characterized by field-emission SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fouriertransform IR, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and X-ray diffraction. Batch experiments were carried out to study the sorption kinetics, thermodn., and equilibrium isotherms of TC with Fe₃O₄ NP@TOMATS IL. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of TC in optimum conditions of pH (7), contact time (90 min), adsorbent dosage (0.2 mg L-1), temperature (328 K), and initial concentration of TC (30 mg L-1) was obtained 92% and 73% in the synthetic and real samples, resp. Examination of the kinetics and adsorption isotherm equations demonstrated that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order and the Freundlich isotherm. Also, the amount of equilibrium adsorption capacity is 36 mg g-1 in the real sample. Investigation of thermodn. equations revealed that the adsorption by iron oxide nanoparticles modified with TOMATS IL was phys. and spontaneously endothermic. The results obtained from the experiments also indicated that the synthesized nanocomposite has high reusability and recyclability after four periodic cycles. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3SDS of cas: 5137-55-3).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.SDS of cas: 5137-55-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Separation of Hf(IV) from Zr(IV) in thiocyanate medium with ionic liquid Aliquat 336 was written by Wu, Ming;Dong, Panfei;Wu, Chenjie;Zhang, Zhenyue;Chi, Ruan;Xu, Zhigao. And the article was included in Hydrometallurgy in 2022.Application In Synthesis of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Solvent extraction is the key tech. link for the preparation of nuclear-grade Hf and Zr for advanced nuclear reactors. In this study, the separation of Hf(IV) over Zr(IV) from the highly concentrated aqueous feed by solvent extraction with ionic liquid Aliquat 336 was investigated. The results indicated that thiocyanate forms of the ionic liquid dissolved in amyl acetate were more conducive to selective extraction of Hf(IV). Under the selected conditions, optimal extraction efficiency of Hf(IV) could be up to 94.5%. The separation factor of Hf(IV) to Zr(IV) was found to be 19.4. The extraction mechanism of Hf(IV) was revealed by slope anal. and FTIR anal. The extracted complex of Hf(IV) was determined as [(A336⁺)₁₂(HfO²⁺)₃(H⁺)(_12x-2)(SCN^–)(_16+12x)]. The extraction isotherm indicated that nuclear-grade Zr(IV) could be recovered from the raffinate via a two-stage extraction The sulfuric acid solution showed appreciable selectivity in scrubbing of Zr(IV) from the loaded organic phase. The Hf(IV) species in the remaining loaded organic phase could be effectively stripped by 3.0 M (NH₄)₂CO₃ solution Accordingly, a recyclable process flowsheet for the separation of Hf(IV) from Zr(IV) using Aliquat 336 was developed. It is believed that this process is a promising way for the preparation of enriched Hf and high purity Zr. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Application In Synthesis of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Application In Synthesis of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Environmentally benign hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for palladium(II) extraction from hydrochloric acid solution was written by Tang, Nian;Liu, Lingli;Yin, Chun;Zhu, Guiping;Huang, Qilan;Dong, Jieru;Yang, Xiangjun;Wang, Shixiong. And the article was included in Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers in 2021.COA of Formula: C25H54ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered to be clean and green alternatives to traditional organic solvents for metal ion extraction Herein, a series of novel hydrophobic DESs were synthesized via the combination of methyltrioctylammonium chloride ([N₈₈₈₁]Cl) as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and saturated fatty acids or saturated fatty alcs. as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs). Then, the DESs were used for palladium(II) recovery from acid solution The factors that affect palladium(II) extraction (including the DES species, contact time, DES dose, solution pH, and temperature) were extensively investigated. The DESs exhibit excellent performance for extracting palladium(II) from hydrochloric acid media, and more than 99% of palladium(II) was extracted under optimal conditions. UV-vis, ¹H NMR, and FTIR spectral characterizations confirm that the extraction mechanism of palladium(II) involves an anion exchange reaction whereby PdCl₂^-4 anions in the aqueous phase replace Cl- anions in DES to form ion-pairs with [N⁺₈₈₈₁] via electrostatic interactions. Meanwhile, N₈₈₈₁:1-hexanol (1:1) and N₈₈₈₁:hexanoic acid (1:2) exhibit excellent selectivity for palladium(II) over other impurity metal ions. Also, palladium(II) in the loaded DES phase was efficiently recovered as elemental palladium via the hydrazine hydrate reduction method; thus, the DES could be reused for at least 5 cycles. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3COA of Formula: C25H54ClN).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.COA of Formula: C25H54ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Thermodynamic Modeling of Salting Effects in Solvent Extraction of Cobalt(II) from Chloride Media by the Basic Extractant Methyltrioctylammonium Chloride was written by Lommelen, Rayco;Binnemans, Koen. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 5137-55-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The design and optimization of solvent extraction processes for metal separations are challenging tasks due to the large number of adjustable parameters. A quant. predictive solvent extraction model could help to determine the optimal parameters for solvent extraction flow sheets, but such predictive models are not available yet. The main difficulties for such models are the large deviations from ideal thermodn. behavior in both the aqueous and organic phases due to high solute concentrations We constructed a mol. thermodn. model for the extraction of CoCl₂ from different chloride salts by 0.2 mol L^-1 trioctylmethylammonium chloride in toluene using the OLI mixed-solvent electrolyte (OLI-MSE) framework. This was accomplished by analyzing the water and hydrochloric acid content of the organic phase, measuring the water activity of the system, and using metal complex speciation and solvent extraction data. The full extractant concentration range cannot be modeled by the OLI-MSE framework as this framework lacks a description for reversed micelle formation. Nevertheless, salting effects and the behavior of hydrochloric acid can be accurately described with the presented extraction model, without determining specific Co(II)-salt cation interaction parameters. The resulting model shows that the salting effects originate from indirect salt cation-solvent interactions that influence the availability of water in the aqueous and organic phases. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3HPLC of Formula: 5137-55-3).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.HPLC of Formula: 5137-55-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Do hydrothermal aging and microwave sterilization affect the trueness of milled, additive manufactured and injection molded denture bases was written by Wemken, Gregor;Spies, Benedikt Christopher;Pieralli, Stefano;Adali, Ufuk;Beuer, Florian;Wesemann, Christian. And the article was included in Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials in 2020.Recommanded Product: 5137-55-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

To assess trueness of IM, MIL, and stereolithog. printed denture bases after manufacturing, hydrothermal cycling, and microwave sterilization. 16 Edentulous maxillary plaster models were poured using silicone mold and digitized by means of desktop scanner. For group IM, 16 denture bases were injection molded. MIL and SLA, denture bases were virtually designed and manufactured referring to digitized data. A total of 48 samples were scanned 1) after manufacturing, 2) after hydrothermal cycling three as well as 4) six cycles of microwave sterilization for 6 min each at 640 W. The 3D surface deviation of the total intaglio surface, the palate, the alveolar ridge, and the border seal region was evaluated on basis of RMSE and pos. and neg. mean deviations with inspection software. In comparison, IM showed increased, mainly pos., deviations at border seal. SLA presented highest total RMSE with increased neg. deviations, likewise at the border seal. In contrast to SLA, no differences between IM and MIL were measured after hydrothermal cycling. Following microwave sterilization, the trueness of SLA was higher compared to IM and MIL with no differences between MIL and IM. Distortion of IM and MIL was measured after the 3rd cycle with no further changes observed Subtractive manufacturing of denture bases results in the highest trueness, followed by IM and SLA. IM and SLA, hydrothermal cycling did not affect MIL. SLA printed denture bases remained dimensionally stable after microwave sterilization. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Recommanded Product: 5137-55-3).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Recommanded Product: 5137-55-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics