Tag: 300-400

Association, distribution, liberation, and rheological balances of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorides (C12-C16) was written by Vitkova, Zuzana;Oremusova, Jarmila;Herdova, Petra;Ivankova, Ol’ga;Vitko, Anton. And the article was included in Molecules in 2017.COA of Formula: C25H46ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

It is known that cationic surfactants have an antimicrobial effect and act as enhancers. This paper studies three cationic surfactants from the group of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorides (dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, and hexadecyl). Interest is focused on the association of the surfactants with respect to temperature, partition balances and their influence on drug release, rheol. properties, and the pH of hydrogels. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of the surfactants were estimated from dependencies of conductivity, d., spectrofluorimetry, and UV-VIS spectrophotometry on molarity in the temperature range of 25-50°C. It was found that the temperature dependence of a CMC is U-shaped, with its min. at 30°C, and the CMC value decreases as the length of the chain increases. The pseudo-phase separation model was used for the calculation of various thermodn. parameters, such as the Gibbs free energies (spontaneous process), enthalpies (exothermic process), and entropies of the micelles’ formation, CMCs, and the degree of counterion binding. All thermodn. parameters, as functions of the temperature, were estimated It was found that partition coefficients increase as the length of the alkyl chain and the pH = (5.0-7.0) increase. The influences of surfactants, below and above the CMC, on drug (chlorhexidine dihydrochloride) release from hydrogels, rheol. properties, and pH at 30°C were studied. Also, the amounts of the released drug increase as the alkyl chains of the surfactants prolongate. The amounts of the released drug with the surfactant below the CMC are greater than that above the CMC. All hydrogels (regardless of the length of the alkyl chain) exhibit a non-Newtonian pseudo-plastic flow. The results obtained will be used in the formulation of the drug and surfactants into dosage forms. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9COA of Formula: C25H46ClN).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.COA of Formula: C25H46ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

High-Frequency Application of Cationic Agents Containing Lubricant Eye Drops Causes Cumulative Corneal Toxicity in an Ex Vivo Eye Irritation Test Model was written by Dutescu, Ralf M.;Uthoff, Daniel;Panfil, Claudia;Schrage, Norbert. And the article was included in Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics in 2020.Reference of 122-18-9 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Purpose: High-frequency applied cetalkonium chloride (CAC) and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) 0.02% did not hamper corneal healing in a living rabbit model of induced corneal erosion. In contrast, the ex vivo eye irritation test (EVEIT) shows inhibition of healing for these substances. In a systematic ex vivo reproduction of the in vivo experiments, we discuss the background of these differences. Methods: Excised rabbit corneas (n = 5 per group) were cultured in artificial anterior chambers (EVEIT). Four erosions were induced for each cornea before starting regular 21 installations/day over 3 days of (1) CAC containing eye drops (Cationorm⁾, (2) 0.02% BAC. Corneal fluorescein staining, quantification of glucose-/lactate consumption, and histol. were performed. Results: BAC 0.02% treated corneas showed increased epithelial lesions from 10.13 ± 0.65 mm² to 10 ± 0.8 mm² on day 0, to 86.82 ± 5.18 mm² (P < 0.0001) by day 3. After a trend toward smaller lesions for CAC on day 1, erosion sizes increased significantly by day 3 from 9.82 ± 0.30 mm² to 29.51 ± 16.87 mm² (P < 0.05). For 1 cornea, corneal erosions nearly disappeared on day 3 (0.89 mm²). Corneal lactate increased significantly for BAC and CAC, whereas glucose concentrations were unchanged. Histol. revealed disintegration of the corneal structures for both compounds Conclusions: The data underline the EVEIT as a predictive toxicity test to show side effects in a time-compressed manner. The consistency of these predictions was previously demonstrated by the EVEIT for BAC, phosphate buffer, and others. The EVEIT is suited for a chronic application prediction of tolerability and toxic side effects of eye drops in particular, and other chems. in general. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Reference of 122-18-9).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Reference of 122-18-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Intermicellar Interactions and the Viscoelasticity of Surfactant Solutions: Complementary Use of SANS and SAXS was written by Lutz-Bueno, Viviane;Liebi, Marianne;Kohlbrecher, Joachim;Fischer, Peter. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2017.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In ionic surfactant micelles, basic interactions among distinct parts of surfactant monomers, their counterion, and additives are fundamental to tuning mol. self-assembly and enhancing viscoelasticity. The authors investigate the addition of sodium salicylate (NaSal) to hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and bromide (CTAC and CTAB) and 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride and bromide (CPyCl and CPyBr), which have distinct counterions and headgroup structures but the same hydrophobic tail. Different contrasts are obtained from small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), which probes differences between the nucleus of atoms, and X-rays SAXS, which probes differences in electron d. If combined, this contrast allows us to define specific intramicellar length scales and intermicellar interactions. SANS signals are sensitive to the contrast between the solvent (D₂O) and the hydrocarbonic tails in the micellar core (hydrogen), and SAXS can access the inner structure of the polar shell because the headgroups, counterions, and penetrated salt have higher electron densities compared to the solvent and to the micellar core. The number d., intermicellar distances, aggregation number, and inter/intramicellar repulsions are discussed on the basis of the dependence of the structure factor and form factor on the micellar aggregate morphol. Therefore, we confirm that micellar growth can be tuned by variations in the flexibility and size of the headgroup as well as the ionic dissociation rate of its counterion. Addnl., we show that the counterion binding is even more significant to the development of viscoelasticity than the headgroup structure of a surfactant mol. This is a surprising finding, showing the importance of electrostatic charges in the self-assembly process of ionic surfactant mols. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cu nanoparticle-loaded nanovesicles with antibiofilm properties. Part I: synthesis of new hybrid nanostructures was written by Sarcina, Lucia;Manrique, Pablo Garcia;Gutierrez, Gemma;Ditaranto, Nicoletta;Cioffi, Nicola;Matos, Maria;del Carmen Blanco-Lopez, Maria. And the article was included in Nanomaterials in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 122-18-9 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) stabilized by quaternary ammonium salts are well known as antimicrobial agents. The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of the inclusion of CuNPs in nanovesicular systems. Liposomes are nanovesicles (NVs) made with phospholipids and are traditionally used as delivery vehicles because phospholipids favor cellular uptake. Their capacity for hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance and carrier capacity could be advantageous to prepare novel hybrid nanostructures based on metal NPs (Me-NPs). In this work, NVs were loaded with CuNPs, which have been reported to have a biofilm inhibition effect. These hybrid materials could improve the effect of conventional antibacterial agents. CuNPs were electro-synthesized by the sacrificial anode electrolysis technique in organic media and characterized in terms of morphol. through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The NVs were prepared by the thin film hydration method in aqueous media, using phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol as a membrane stabilizer. The nanohybrid systems were purified to remove non-encapsulated NPs. The size distribution, morphol. and stability of the NV systems were studied. Different quaternary ammonium salts in vesicular systems made of PC were tested as stabilizing surfactants for the synthesis and inclusion of CuNPs. The entrapment of charged metal NPs was demonstrated. NPs attached preferably to the membrane, probably due to the attraction of their hydrophobic shell to the phospholipid bilayers. The high affinity between benzyl-dimethyl-hexadecyl-ammonium chloride (BDHAC) and PC allowed us to obtain stable hybrid NVs c.a. 700 nm in diameter The stability of liposomes increased with NP loading, suggesting a charge-stabilization effect in a novel antibiofilm nanohybrid material. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9HPLC of Formula: 122-18-9).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.HPLC of Formula: 122-18-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photophysics of thionine in AOT and BHDC reverse micelles. Quenching of the triplet state by aliphatic amines studied by transient absorption spectroscopy was written by Porcal, Gabriela V.;Arbeloa, Ernesto M.;Bertolotti, Sonia G.;Previtali, Carlos M.. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 122-18-9 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The photophysics of thionine (3,7-diamino-5-phenothiazinium) (Th⁺) was investigated in reverse micelles (RMs) of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (BHDC) with special emphasis on the triplet state processes. In RMs both the absorption and emission spectra of the dye present a red shift with respect to pure water. The absorption maximum wavelength and Stokes shift show a tendency towards the values in water, although do not reach them even with the higher water content examined The photophys. parameters are more affected by the water content in BHDC than in AOT. The triplet state of Th⁺ was investigated by the technique of laser flash photolysis. The T-T absorption spectrum presents a strong absorption band in the region between 770 and 800 nm, corresponding to the monoprotonated triplet form of the dye. This spectrum is red shifted with respect to water in the RMs. The triplet quenching by aliphatic amines was investigated. The triplet decay is well fitted by a bi-exponential function in the presence of the hydro-soluble triethanolamine (TEOA) in both RMs. This behavior is interpreted as the result of a very fast intramicellar quenching, followed by slow process that may be ascribed to an intermicellar exchange of amine mols. between RMs. The kinetic anal. showed that intermicellar exchange rate constant is two orders of magnitude more effective in BHDC than in AOT. Meanwhile, in the quenching by the hydrophobic tributylamine (TBA) the decay is mono-exponential. The amine is located preferentially in the bulk organic phase and the quenching mechanism involves the interaction of the amine with the monoprotonated triplet of dye reaching in the micellar interface. It is interesting to note that the apparent quenching rate constant by TBA is one order of magnitude lower than the exchange rate constant by TEOA. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9HPLC of Formula: 122-18-9).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.HPLC of Formula: 122-18-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Disinfectant and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the big six non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli strains from food animals and humans was written by Beier, Ross C.;Franz, Eelco;Bono, James L.;Mandrell, Robert E.;Fratamico, Pina M.;Callaway, Todd R.;Andrews, Kathleen;Poole, Toni L.;Crippen, Tawni L.;Sheffield, Cynthia L.;Anderson, Robin C.;Nisbet, David J.. And the article was included in Journal of Food Protection in 2016.Quality Control of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The disinfectant and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 138 non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains (STECs) from food animals and humans were determined Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was moderate (39.1% of strains) in response to 15 antimicrobial agents, Animal strains had a lower AMR prevalence (35.6%) than did human strains (43.9%) but a higher prevalence of the resistance profile GEN-KAN-TET. A decreasing prevalence of AMR was found among animal strains from serogroups O45 > O145 > O121 > O111 > O26 > O103 and among human strains from serogroups O145 > O103 > O26 > O111 > O121 > O45. One animal strain from serogroups O121 and O145 and one human strain from serogroup O26 had extensive drug resistance. A high prevalence of AMR in animal O45 and O121 strains and no resistance or a low prevalence of resistance in human strains from these serogroups suggests a source other than food animals for human exposure to these strains. Among the 24 disinfectants evaluated, all strains were susceptible to triclosan. Animal strains had a higher prevalence of resistance to chlorhexidine than did human strains. Both animal and human strains had a similar low prevalence of low-level benzalkonium chloride resistance, and animal and human strains had similar susceptibility profiles for most oilier disinfectants. Benzyldimethylainmonium chlorides and C10AC were the primary active components in disinfectants DC&R and P-128. resp., against non-O157 STECs. A disinfectant FS512 MIC ≥ R μg/m1 was more prevalent among animal O121 strains (61.5%) than among human O121 strains (25%), which may also suggest a source of human exposure to STEC O121 other than food animals. Bacterial inhibition was not dependent solely on pH but was correlated with the presence of dissociated organic acid species and some undissociated acids. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Quality Control of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Quality Control of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cyclosporine A Nanosuspensions for Ophthalmic Delivery: A Comparative Study between Cationic Nanoparticles and Drug-Core Mucus Penetrating Nanoparticles was written by Yan, Rong;Xu, Lai;Wang, Qiuhe;Wu, Zheng;Zhang, Hua;Gan, Li. And the article was included in Molecular Pharmaceutics in 2021.COA of Formula: C25H46ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The effect of mucin on ocular bioavailability depends on the extent to which it acts as a barrier or retention site. Mucus penetrating particles (MPPs) can evade the mucus entrapment and associated rapid clearance, but cationic nanoparticles have high adhesion to the mucosa. Both formulations can prolong the drug residence time on the surface of the eyes. The purpose of this work is to compare the effects of mucoadhesion of cationic nanoparticles and mucous permeability of MPPs on ocular bioavailability. Cationic nanosuspensions and drug-core MPP nanosuspensions were developed using the anti-solvent precipitation method. The results of X-ray diffraction revealed that CsA was amorphous. In vitro mucoadhesion evaluation demonstrated that cationic nanosuspensions enhanced the interaction with pig mucin about 5.0-6.0 fold compared to drug-core MPP nanosuspensions. A mucus permeation study by the transwell diffusion system showed that the P_app values of drug-core MPP nanosuspensions were 5.0-10.0 times higher than those of cationic nanosuspensions. In vivo ocular bioavailability evaluation of those CsA formulations was conducted in rabbits using a conventional nanosuspension as a comparison. The CsA concentrations in the cornea following the administration of a cationic nanosuspension and a drug-core MPP nanosuspension were 13,641.10 ng/g and 11,436.07 ng/g, resp., significantly higher than that of the conventional nanosuspension (8310.762 ng/g). The results showed that both the cationic and MPP nanosuspensions were able to deliver CsA to anterior ocular tissues in effective therapeutic concentrations (10-20μg/g) with topical drop instillation. The cationic nanosuspension could achieve relatively higher bioavailability than the MPP nanosuspension. The cationic nanosuspension would be a promising ocular drug delivery system. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9COA of Formula: C25H46ClN).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).COA of Formula: C25H46ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

How does coal interact with organic groups in an aqueous solution was written by Xu, Wennan;Li, Yuxin;Liu, Xin;Zhao, Yining;Li, Rui;Li, Hongliang. And the article was included in Fuel in 2022.Formula: C25H46ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Interactions between coal matrix and organics are vital for adsorption, surfactant adsorption on lignite, and solid-liquid separation of coal slurry. Herein, for studying the interaction between hydrophobic surface (coal surface) and small mols. (organics), we measured interactions between organics [nitro and Ph, pyridine, Ph, alkyl chain (hexyl) or cycloalkyl (hexyl)] and the coal matrix (liptinite or inertinite) using at. force microscopy. The strength of interaction followed the order: nitro and Ph > pyridine > Ph >alkyl chain (hexyl)> cycloalkyl (hexyl), and liptinite > inertinite. The liptinite has a greater hydrophobicity than inertinite, the greater the attraction force. The lignite surface and coal slurry were modified in an aqueous solution using five surfactants (dodecyl tri-Me ammonium chloride, DTAC; hexadecyl tri-Me ammonium chloride, CTAC; octadecyl tri-Me ammonium chloride, STAC; hexadecyl di-Me benzyl ammonium chloride, HDBAC; and cetyl pyridine chloride, CPC). Subsequently, the moisture adsorption on treated lignite coal surface and the sedimentation of the treated tails was compared to characterize hydrophobic modifications which showed the order of CTAC > HDBAC > DTAC > CPC > STAC. Thus, the interaction between coal surface and organics needs to consider two rules: 1) The desolvation or the hydrophobic property of the coal surface; 2) The VDW force of the organics The nature of the difference between rules Number 1 and 2 is that with the size of hydrophobic mols. increased to a surface, the H-bond structure between water mols. in the around would change a lot, which formats great hydrophobic property or desolvation. Interaction between organic reagents and coal reveals the mechanism of restraining moisture reabsorption of lignite and solid-liquid separation of coal slurry by organics This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Formula: C25H46ClN).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Formula: C25H46ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safety and Tolerability of Overdosed Artificial Tears by Abraded Rabbit Corneas was written by Daull, Philippe;Raymond, Elisabeth;Feraille, Laurence;Garrigue, Jean-Sebastien. And the article was included in Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics in 2018.SDS of cas: 122-18-9 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Purpose: Preservative-free cationic emulsion-based artificial tear (AT) is an innovative eye drop based on the Novasorb technol. with cetalkonium chloride (CKC) as the cationic agent. The cationic emulsion Cationorm is designed for the management of mild-to-moderate dry eye disease (DED) patients that present cornea epithelium alterations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of overdosed ATs by altered corneal epithelium in vivo and assess the usefulness of the ex vivo eye irritation test (EVEIT) as a predictive alternate toxicity test method. Methods: The exptl. procedure, treatment duration, and instillation frequency closely mimic in vivo the ex vivo protocol described by Pinheiro et al. and discussed in the section of this article. Two to 3-mo-old female New Zealand white rabbits, n = 6 per group, were treated with ATs (21 instillations/day over 3 days) following corneal abrasion. Corneal fluorescein staining, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and slit lamp examinations were performed to assess corneal epithelium recovery and the ocular tolerability of the overdosed ATs. Results: All abraded eyes experienced almost complete epithelium recovery within 3 days following treatments with Cationorm, Optive, Vismed, and Saline. Benzalkonium chloride (BAK, 0.02%) treatment resulted in 82.4% reepithelialization. IVCM data illustrated corneal epithelium normal recovery. Acute local tolerability of the overdosed ATs was confirmed using Draize and McDonald-Shadduck′s test scales. Conclusions: The different ATs were demonstrated to be well tolerated by abraded corneas in vivo, and the extreme overdosing regimen did not hamper the wound healing process of the rabbit eye in comparison to saline. These data did not confirm the ones obtained with the nonvalidated ex vivo eye irritation test. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9SDS of cas: 122-18-9).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.SDS of cas: 122-18-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Evaluating solid phase (micro-) extraction tools to analyze freely ionizable and permanently charged cationic surfactants was written by Timmer, Niels;Scherpenisse, Peter;Hermens, Joop L. M.;Droge, Steven T. J.. And the article was included in Analytica Chimica Acta in 2018.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Working with and anal. of cationic surfactants can be problematic since aqueous concentrations are difficult to control, both when taking environmental aqueous samples as well as performing laboratory work with spiked concentrations For a selection of 32 amine based cationic surfactants (including C8- to C18-alkylamines, C14-dialkyldimethylammonium, C8-tetraalkylammonium, benzalkonium and pyridinium compounds), the extraction from aqueous samples was studied. Aqueous concentrations were determined using solid phase extraction (SPE; 3 mL/60 mg Oasis WCX-SPE cartridges) with recoveries of ≥80% for 30 compounds, and ≥90% for 16 compounds Sorption to glassware was evaluated in 120 mL flasks, 40 mL vials and 1.5 mL autosampler vials, using 15mM NaCl, where the glass binding of simple primary amines and quaternary ammonium compounds increased with alkyl chain length. Sorption to the outside of pipet tips (≤20% of total amount in solution) when sampling aqueous solutions may interfere with accurate measurements. Polyacrylate solid phase microextraction (PA-SPME) fibers with 2 coating thicknesses (7 and 35 μm) were tested as potential extraction devices. The uptake kinetics, pH-dependence and influence of ionic strength on sorption to PA fibers were studied. Changing medium from 100mM Na⁺ to 10mM Ca²⁺ decreases K_fw with one order of magnitude. Results indicate that for PA-SPME neutral amines are absorbed rather than adsorbed, although the exact sorption mechanism remains to be elucidated. Further research remains necessary to establish a definitive applicability domain for PA-SPME. However, results indicate that alkyl chain lengths ≥14 C atoms and multiple alkyl chains become problematic. A calibration curve should always be measured together with the samples. In conclusion, it seems that for amine based surfactants PA-SPME does not provide the reliability and reproducibility necessary for precise sorption experiments, specifically for alkyl chain lengths beyond 12 C atoms. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics