Tag: 300-400

A chemical prioritization process: Applications to contaminants of emerging concern in freshwater ecosystems (Phase I) was written by Deere, Jessica R.;Streets, Summer;Jankowski, Mark D.;Ferrey, Mark;Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette;Convertino, Matteo;Isaac, E. J.;Phelps, Nicholas B. D.;Primus, Alexander;Servadio, Joseph L.;Singer, Randall S.;Travis, Dominic A.;Moore, Seth;Wolf, Tiffany M.. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.Electric Literature of C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and hormones, are frequently found in aquatic ecosystems around the world. Information on sublethal effects from exposure to commonly detected concentrations of CECs is lacking and the limited availability of toxicity data makes it difficult to interpret the biol. significance of occurrence data. However, the ability to evaluate the effects of CECs on aquatic ecosystems is growing in importance, as detection frequency increases. The goal of this study was to prioritize the chem. hazards of 117 CECs detected in subsistence species and freshwater ecosystems on the Grand Portage Indian Reservation and adjacent 1854 Ceded Territory in Minnesota, USA. To prioritize CECs for management actions, we adapted Minnesota Pollution Control Agency′s Aquatic Toxicity Profiles framework, a tool for the rapid assessment of contaminants to cause adverse effects on aquatic life by incorporating chem.-specific information. This study aimed to 1) perform a rapid-screening assessment and prioritization of detected CECs based on their potential environmental hazard; 2) identify waterbodies in the study region that contain high priority CECs; and 3) inform future monitoring, assessment, and potential remediation in the study region. In water samples alone, 50 CECs were deemed high priority. Twenty-one CECs were high priority among sediment samples and seven CECs were high priority in fish samples. Azithromycin, DEET, diphenhydramine, fluoxetine, miconazole, and verapamil were high priority in all three media. Due to the presence of high priority CECs throughout the study region, we recommend future monitoring of particular CECs based on the prioritization method used here. We present an application of a chem. hazard prioritization process and identify areas where the framework may be adapted to meet the objectives of other management-related assessments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Electric Literature of C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Electric Literature of C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structural control of a novel hierarchical porous carbon material and its adsorption properties was written by Cai, Li-Feng;Zhan, Jie-Ming;Liang, Jie;Yang, Lei;Yin, Jie. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

Novel hierarchical porous carbon materials (HPCs) were fabricated via a reactive template-induced in situ hypercrosslinking procedure. The effects of carbonization conditions on the microstructure and morphol. of HPCs were investigated, and the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on HPCs was explored. The as-prepared HPCs has a hierarchical micro-, meso- and macropore structure, which results from the overlap of hollow nanospheres possessing microporous shells and macroporous cavities. The carbonization temperature, carbonization time and carbonization heating rate played important roles in tailoring the nanostructures of HPCs. The BET sp. surface area and micropore sp. surface area can reach 2388 m² g^-1 and 1892 m² g^-1, resp. Benefitting from the well-developed pore structure, the MB removal efficiency can exceed 99% under optimized conditions. The adsorption kinetics and thermodn. can be well described by a pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model, resp. Furthermore, such adsorption was characterized by a spontaneous endothermic process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photocatalysis of environmental organic pollutants and antioxidant activity of flavonoid conjugated gold nanoparticles was written by Pradhan, Sweta Priyadarshini;Swain, Sunsita;Sa, Nishigandha;Pilla, Satya Narayan;Behera, Anindita;Sahu, Pratap Kumar;Chandra Si, Sudam. And the article was included in Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy in 2022.COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

The unique properties of nanomaterials have the potential application in different fields of biomedical application along with the management of environmental pollutants. This research work involved the isolation of hesperidin from the orange peel and the preparation of hesperidin gold nanoparticles by the chem. reduction method. The high substrate specificity and lower band gap enable the excitation of gold nanoparticles in visible light. Hence gold nanoparticles are chosen nowadays for the management and removal of organic pollutants. The efficacy of hesperidin gold nanoparticles was evaluated by the photocatalytic activity on organic dyes and pollutants like methyl orange, methylene blue, bromocresol green, and 4 – nitro phenol with sodium borohydride as reducing agent and the antioxidant study by scavenging of free radicals of DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl free radicals of hydrogen peroxide. The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and 4 – nitro phenol was found to follow the first order with rate constants of 10 x 10^-3, 37 x 10^-3, 23 x 10^-3 and 49 x 10^-3 min^-1 for methyl orange, methylene blue, bromocresol green and 4 – nitro phenol resp. The hesperidin gold nanoparticles showed significant antioxidant activity as compared to ascorbic acid as standard The flavonoid conjugated gold nanoparticles can be an efficient antioxidant and photocatalyst for the management of different diseases and wastewater treatment resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Direct carboxylation of cellulose in deep eutectic solvent and its adsorption behavior of methylene blue was written by Cao, Xiwang;Liu, Min;Bi, Wentao;Lin, Jun;Chen, David Da Yong. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications in 2022.Formula: C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

The surface of cellulose particles was carboxylated (2.44 mmol/g) in a deep eutectic solvent containing carboxylic acid. Based on the carboxyl content, the effects of key factors on cellulose carboxylation was systematically investigated. In addition, the reaction mechanism was studied by using liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry, and the influence of deep eutectic solvent containing carboxylic acid on the structure and physicochem. properties of cellulose during carboxylation was examined using different characterization techniques. The results showed that the type of carboxylic acid, cellulose particle size, and pretreatment methods significantly affect the carboxylation efficiency, degradation, and carbonization of cellulose. The internal crystal structure of cellulose did not change after the carboxylation reaction, while the surface crystal structure was destroyed by carboxylation, which greatly improved the dispersion and hydrophilicity properties of the product. The kinetics and thermodn. of carboxyl cellulose adsorption were studied as well. Potential application of carboxyl cellulose in the adsorption of pollutants was demonstrated. This study provides a new method for the direct modification of cellulose in deep eutectic solvents, as well as a new sustainable strategy for modifying other materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Formula: C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Formula: C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the seawater around a typical subtropical tourist city of China and associated ecological risk was written by Chen, Hongzhe;Chen, Wenfeng;Guo, Huige;Lin, Hui;Zhang, Yuanbiao. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2021.Recommanded Product: 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the sea area surrounding a densely populated tourist city in southeastern China were investigated. In total, 32 PPCP pollutants classified into 23 categories were detected. Different spatial distribution patterns of PPCPs indicated possible contamination from runoff and multiple local sources. The labile-to-conservative ratios of PPCPs showed the influence of untreated domestic sewage. In addition, increased concentrations of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and erythromycin around aquaculture farms imply that aquaculture cannot be neglected as a source. The concentrations of oxytetracycline, ranitidine, ciprofloxacin, miconazole, and sulfamethizole were higher in the wet season than those in the dry season, and the difference in pharmaceutical consumption was suspected to be the main driving factor of this seasonal variation. The risk quotients calculated with the maximum concentrations of miconazole, triclosan, dehydronifedipine, and triclocarban exceeded 0.1, indicating potential moderate or high risks. Antibacterial agents in daily chems. and azole broad-spectrum antifungals were associated with the highest risks in this study; this might be another significant pollution characteristic in the sea area around this subtropical tourist city. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Recommanded Product: 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Recommanded Product: 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Concentrations of bisphenols, benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters, triclosan, and triclocarban in the paired urine and blood samples from young adults: Partitioning between urine and blood was written by Zhang, Hua;Li, Jingxia;An, Yulin;Wang, Desheng;Zhao, Jianfu;Zhan, Meixiao;Xu, Weiguo;Lu, Ligong;Gao, Yunfei. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

Bisphenols (BPs), benzophenone-type UV filters (BP-type UV filters), triclosan (TCS), and triclocarban (TCC) are endocrine-disrupting chems. (EDCs) and commonly used in consumer and personal care products. In the present study, seven BPs, eight BP-type UV filters, TCS, and TCC were quantified in 196 paired urine and blood samples collected from young adults in South China. Benzophenone-7 and benzophenone-9 were not detected in all samples, while other target compounds were widely detected in 39%-96% of the urine and 14%-96% of the blood samples, and the median concentrations ranged from <0.02 (sp. gr. adjusted: < 0.02) to 2.33 (2.05) ng/mL and <0.01-2.66 ng/mL in the urine and blood samples, resp. Females had higher levels of most target analytes, and gender-related differences (p < 0.05) were found in the blood levels of benzophenone-2 (females vs. males: 0.84 vs. <0.01 ng/mL),ΣBP (sum of BP-type UV filters; 1.61 vs. 0.98 ng/mL), TCS (3.89 vs. 1.69 ng/mL), and ΣTC (sum of TCS and TCC; 5.77 vs. 3.02 ng/mL). We calculated the portioning of the target compounds between blood and urine (B/U ratios). The B/U ratios of bisphenol F, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-6, 4-hydroxy benzophenone, TCS, and TCC were higher than 1, showing that these analytes have higher enrichment capacities in human blood. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to simultaneously analyze the concentrations of BPs, BP-type UV filters, TCS, and TCC in the paired urine and blood samples of young adults in South China. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2HPLC of Formula: 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).HPLC of Formula: 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, characterization of a chiral liquid crystalline polysiloxane and its monomer was written by Xue, Qingbin;Zhang, Qizhen. And the article was included in Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology, Section A: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals in 1999.Computed Properties of C10H10Cl2Pt This article mentions the following:

A liquid crystalline polysiloxane and its monomer have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and ¹H NMR spectra. Their bulk phase liquid crystallinity were studied. The mesomorphic transition behaviors and the mesophases were observed by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) and Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) measurements. The monomer showed SmB and SmA phases which are assured by the corresponding broken fan-shaped or mosaic textures and fan-shaped textures by POM observation and WAXD patterns. The polymer had only one mesophase, SmC phase, which showed characteristic of fan-shaped or Schlieren textures by POM and sharp peaks in low angle region and a diffused peak wide angle region from WAXD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0Computed Properties of C10H10Cl2Pt).

Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Computed Properties of C10H10Cl2Pt

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Caffeine-alginate immobilized CeTiO₄ bionanocomposite for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was written by Hasan, Imran;Alharthi, Fahad A.. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2022.Related Products of 61-73-4 This article mentions the following:

The degradation of colored dyes through the photocatalysis process has been proved to be a promising technique for wastewater treatment. Herein, we report the synthesis of cerium titanate (CeTiO₄) nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized with a blend of caffeine (Caf) grafted alginate (Alg) biopolymer resulting in the formation of Caf-Alg@CeTiO₄ bionanocomposite (BNC) material. The material was characterized by various instrumental techniques such as Fourier transform IR (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope- Electron dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), XPS and UV-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. The XRD data and results suggested the presence of anatase phase of TiO₂ which is a little bit mitigated due to doping of Ce⁴⁺ at the grain sides resulting in an orthorhombic structure with 16.23 nm crystallite size. Further, the material was probed as a photocatalyst to degrade methylene blue (MB) under visible solar radiation. The antagonistic and synergistic effects of reaction variables like irradiation time (30-60 min), pH (6-10), MB concentration (50-100 mg L^-1), and catalyst dose (0.5-1.5 g L^-1) on MB degradation was designed by a combination of statistical model response surface methodol. (RSM) and Box-Behnken design (BBD). The statistically optimized results with min. error were computed as irradiation time as 50 min, pH as 6.6, MB concentration as 98.60 mg L^-1 and catalyst dose as 0.57 g L^-1 with maximum MB degradation of 98%. The kinetic studies revealed that the photocatalytic degradation process followed pseudo-first-order path associated with Langmuir- Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model. The values of intrinsic coefficient (kr) and adsorption constant (ks) were found to be 0.22 mg L^-1 min^-1 and 0.48 L mg^-1 resp. Trapping experiments revealed peroxide radical (O^–·₂ radicals) as primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) for 98% degradation of MB under visible solar radiation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Related Products of 61-73-4).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Related Products of 61-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of fishbone-like liquid crystalline polysilsesquioxanes. V. Pd-coordinating, fishbone-like azo-based liquid crystalline polysilsesquioxanes was written by Wan, Youzhi;Xu, Lei;Ren, Lingling;Zhang, Lijuan;Xie, Ping;Liu, Yubiao;Zhang, Rongben. And the article was included in Liquid Crystals in 1998.Formula: C10H10Cl2Pt This article mentions the following:

New kinds of Pd-coordinating azo-based liquid crystalline polysilsesquioxanes, Pd-H-FBA and Pd-C-FBA, have been synthesized first by hydrosilylation reactions of a vinyl-terminated mesomorphic azo compound with ladder-like homopolyhydrosilsesquioxane (H-T) and copolymethylhydrosilsesquioxane (MH-T) to produce fishbone-like, azo-based liquid crystalline polysilsesquioxanes H-FBA and C-FBA, resp., followed by a further ortho-palladation reaction with palladium chloride. The mesomorphic properties have been investigated by DSC, optical polarizing microscopy and temperature-variable x-ray diffraction. Their clearing temperatures, T_cl, are much higher and the mesophase ranges, ΔT, are much wider than those of the corresponding comb-like polymers with a single main chain,i.e., by more than 100°. This indicates that the double main chain structures of the title polymers have a pos. effect on mesomorphic properties. The influence of the content of Pd²⁺ ions on the liquid crystallinity is also discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0Formula: C10H10Cl2Pt).

Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Formula: C10H10Cl2Pt

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of platinum decorated copper oxide doped layer graphite carbon nitrite: An efficient photocatalyst for disintegration of bacteria and decomposition of dye was written by Subhan, Abdus;Tahir, Kamran;Nazir, Sadia;Khan, Afaq Ullah;Albalawi, Karma;Latif, Salman;El-Zahhar, Adel A.;Munshi, Alaa M.;Saleh, Ebraheem Abdu Musad;Alghamdi, Majed M.. And the article was included in Materials Today Communications in 2022.Formula: C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

Platinum decorated copper oxide doped layer graphite carbon nitrite (Pt/CuO@g-C₃N₄) was synthesized by green hydrothermal method. Amylopectin was employed as a source of reduction and stabilization. Aforementioned nanomaterial is made up of a layer graphite carbon nitrite nanosheet with CuO nanofibers and Pt embedded in a cluster of nanofibers. Methylene blue (MB) degradation, free radical stabilization, and photo inactivation of bacteria were all targets for the synthesized photocatalyst. For instance, the developed composites exhibited the remarkable photocatalytic activity to degrade 90% MB in about 20 min, under visible light irradiation Moreover, the synthesized nanomaterials were also tested against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (S. aureus ≈ E. coli) both in the presence and absence of visible light irradiation The light-treated platinum adorned copper oxide doped layer graphite carbon nitrite has inhibitory diameter 13 and 18 mm for E. coli and S. aureus resp. though in dark was 7 and 10 mm resp. The effects of various factors on the photoinhibition potency of the said nanomaterial were also investigated. Furthermore, the nanomaterial exhibits a high resistance to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stabilization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Formula: C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Formula: C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics