Tag: 300-400

Nanocomposite of zinc zirconia for better degradation of an organic dye was written by Biju, R.;Ravikumar, R.;Raghavan, J. R. Vanaja;Indulal, C. R.. And the article was included in Bulletin of Materials Science in 2022.Electric Literature of C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

Zinc zirconia nanocomposite was synthesized by chem. co-precipitation route using zinc chloride (ZnCl₂), zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (ZrOCl₂·8H₂O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethylene diaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA). XRD, UV, SEM and EDX measurements were employed to characterize the as-prepared nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), zirconia (ZrO₂ NPs) and the zinc zirconia nanocomposite (ZZNC). Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in polluted water was investigated under visible light using ZZNC as the photocatalyst. UV/Vis spectrum confirmed an enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of ZZNC in MB dye-contaminated water. It was observed that more than 80% of the dye was degraded from polluted water while using ZZNC as a photocatalyst in 2.5 h. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Electric Literature of C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Electric Literature of C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Adsorption performance and mechanism of cationic and anionic dyes by KOH activated biochar derived from medical waste pyrolysis was written by Ullah, Fahim;Ji, Guozhao;Irfan, Muhammad;Gao, Yuan;Shafiq, Farishta;Sun, Ye;Ain, Qurat Ul;Li, Aimin. And the article was included in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2022.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The massive generation of medical waste (MW) results in a series of environmental, social, and ecol. problems. Pyrolysis is one such approach that has attracted more attention because of the production of value-added products with lesser environmental risk. In this study, the activated biochar (ABC600) was obtained from MW pyrolysis and activated with KOH. The adsorption mechanism of activated biochar on cationic (methylene blue) and anionic (reactive yellow) dyes were studied. The physicochem. characterization of biochar showed that increasing pyrolysis temperature and KOH activation resulted in increased surface area, a rough surface with a clear porous structure, and sufficient functional groups. MB and RYD-145 adsorption on ABC600 was more consistent with Langmuir isotherm (R² â‰?0.996) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² â‰?0.998), indicating chemisorption with monolayer characteristics. The Langmuir model fitting demonstrated that MB and RYD-145 had maximum uptake capacities of 922.2 and 343.4 mg·g^-1. The thermodn. study of both dyes showed a pos. change in enthalpy (ΔH^°) and entropy (ΔS^°), revealing the endothermic adsorption behavior and randomness in dye mol. arrangement on activated-biochar/solution surface. The activated biochar has excellent adsorption potential for cationic and anionic dyes; hence, it can be considered an economical and efficient adsorbent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

High adsorption and photocatalytic degradation abilities of amorphous Ta₂O₅ nanospheres under simulated solar light irradiation was written by Fu, Haitao;Chen, Fu;Wang, Yan;Yang, Xiaohong;Xiong, Shixian;An, Xizhong. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2022.Related Products of 61-73-4 This article mentions the following:

In this study, the crystallized and amorphous Ta₂O₅ nanospheres were successfully synthesized by a simple alc.-thermal reaction. The particle sizes of amorphous Ta₂O₅ nanospheres were controlled by adjusting the PVP amount in the synthetic system. The removal abilities of the Ta₂O₅ towards organic dyes were assessed by measuring the adsorption and the photocatalytic degradation performance towards methylene blue (MB) under dark condition and simulated solar light irradiation, resp. The results indicate that the amorphous Ta₂O₅ prepared with 1:5 PVP (a-Ta₂O₅ 5PVP) exhibited extremely high adsorption abilities and photocatalytic degradation performances, compared to the crystallized and other amorphous Ta₂O₅ nanospheres. The excellent MB removal ability of a-Ta₂O₅ 5PVP can be attributed to high sp. surface area, extra O vacancies, enhanced visible light absorption, more photo-generated electrons and low charge transfer resistance. This study may shed light on a simple but low-cost preparation strategy for amorphous Ta₂O₅ nanospheres suitable for the future practical application on wastewater treatment and provide deep insights on the underlying reasons for the high removal performance to organic dyes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Related Products of 61-73-4).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Related Products of 61-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Occurrence, transport and environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) at the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay, China based on stir bar sorptive extraction was written by Shen, Qiu-Cen;Wang, Dan-Dan;Qu, Yu-Ying;Zhang, Jing;Zhang, Xue-Qing. And the article was included in Marine Pollution Bulletin in 2022.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

In recent years, research on pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the marine environment has attracted increasing attention worldwide. However, more work is needed to improve PPCPs detection methods, specifically for seawater environments. An anal. method based on stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) had been developed and fully optimized for the pretreatment and detection of ten widely used PPCPs that are commonly found in seawater samples. By optimizing several variables including the material of the stir bars, extraction temperature, extraction time, ionic strength, desorption solvent, and desorption time, the optimized method has achieved excellent results in the detection and quantification of target PPCPs with detection limits ranging from 0.03 to 1 ng/L. The distribution of target PPCPs at the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay was successfully determined by this method, and the concentrations and detection frequencies of PPCPs varied greatly from N.D. to 449.36 ng/L and from 9.1% to 100%, resp. Moreover, the distributions of PPCPs were explained by the Lagrangian particle-tracking model, and the results showed that the Tuandao sewage treatment plant had the most significant impact on the study area. The environmental risk assessment results showed that several target PPCPs might pose risks to aquatic organisms. In particular, triclocarban should receive more attention and the risk quotients of the mixtures (MRQ) should not be ignored. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Green adsorption-desorption of mixed triclosan, triclocarban, 2-phenylphenol, bisphenol A and 4-tert-octylphenol using MXene encapsulated polypropylene membrane protected micro-solid-phase extraction device in amplifying the HPLC analysis was written by Rozaini, Muhammad Nur’ Hafiz;Kiatkittipong, Worapon;Saad, Bahruddin;Yahaya, Noorfatimah;Shaharun, Maizatul Shima;Sangu, Sangeetha Siva;Mohamed Saheed, Mohamed Shuaib;Wong, Yong Foo;Mohamad, Mardawani;Sambudi, Nonni Soraya;Lim, Jun Wei. And the article was included in Microchemical Journal in 2021.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

The endocrine disruptor compounds (EDC) are inevitable hazardous pollutants usually found in the discharged wastewater effluents, polluting the natural water bodies. This can be rationalised by the ineffective anal. methods that fail to quantify EDC in the treated wastewaters, forestalling the advancement of wastewater treatment processes that could completely mineralize the EDC. Therefore, a novel polypropylene membrane protected micro-solid-phase extraction (μ-SPE) device was developed using MXene encapsulated sorbent in enhancing the anal. of mixed EDC, namely, triclosan, triclocarban, 2-phenylphenol, bisphenol A and 4-tert-octylphenol, via a high-performance liquid chromatog.-diode array detector approach. The green adsorption-desorption of EDC from polypropylene membrane protected μ-SPE device was optimized at sorbent loading of 2 mg, extraction time of 30 min, sodium chloride of 15% (w/v), medium pH of 8, a sample volume of 10 mL, desorption solvent of isopropanol, desorption time of 3 min and desorption solvent volume of merely 150μL. Under the optimum condition, the proposed method showed a good EDC detection limit ranging from 0.37 to 0.58μg L^-1 with acceptable relative recoveries between 81.0% and 105.5%. Moreover, the calculated enrichment factors also confirmed the EDC selectivity by polypropylene membrane protected μ-SPE device followed triclosan > 4-tert-octylphenol > bisphenol A > triclocarban > 2-phenylphenol. Finally, the polypropylene membrane protected μ-SPE device was assessed using real water, and wastewater samples and the EDC of triclosan and 4-tert-octylphenol were detected in the municipal wastewater and lake water, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Impairment of the gut health in Danio rerio exposed to triclocarban was written by Yan, Zhenguang;Du, Jinzhe;Zhang, Tianxu;Sun, Qianhang;Sun, Binbin;Zhang, Yan;Li, Shuo. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Electric Literature of C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

Triclocarban (TCC) is the principal component in personal and health care products because it is a highly effective, broad-spectrum, and safe antibacterial agent. TCC has recently been discovered in aquatic creatures and has been shown to constitute a health danger to aquatic animals. Although several studies have looked into the toxicol. effects of TCC on a variety of aquatic animals from algae to fish, the possible gut-toxicity mol. pathway in zebrafish has never been thoroughly explored. We investigated the gut-toxic effects of TCC on zebrafish by exposing them to different TCC concentrations (100 and 1000μg/L) for 21 days. We discovered for the first time that the MAPK and TLR signaling pathways related to gut diseases were significantly altered, and inflammation (up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) caused by TCC was confirmed to be largely mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its related cytokines. This was found using the results of qPCR, a transcriptome anal., and mol. docking (AHR, AHRR, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1). Furthermore, high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that TCC exposure reduced the bacterial diversity and changed the gut microbial composition, with the primary phyla Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, as well as the genera Cetobacterium and Rhodobacteraceae, being the most affected. TCC exposure also caused damage to the gut tissue, including an increase in the number of goblet cells and a reduction in the height of the columnar epithelium and the thickness of the muscular layer, as shown by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Our findings will aid in understanding of the mechanism TCC-induced aquatic toxicity in aquatic species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Electric Literature of C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Electric Literature of C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A systematic approach for prioritizing landfill pollutants based on toxicity: Applications and opportunities was written by Rogers, Elizabeth R.;Zalesny, Ronald S. Jr.;Lin, Chung-Ho. And the article was included in Journal of Environmental Management in 2021.Recommanded Product: 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

Landfills in the United States are a significant source of pollution to ground and surface water. Current environmental regulations require detection and/or monitoring assessments of landfill leachate for contaminants that have been deemed particularly harmful. However, the lists of contaminants to be monitored are not comprehensive. Further, landfill leachate composition varies over space and time, and thus the contaminants, and their corresponding toxicity, are not consistent across or within landfills. One of the main objectives of this study was to prioritize contaminants found in landfill leachate using a systematic, toxicity-based prioritization scheme. A literature review was conducted, and from it, 484 landfill leachate contaminants with available CAS numbers were identified. In vitro, in vivo, and predicted human toxicity data were collected from ToxCast, ECOTOX, and CTV Predictor, resp. These data were integrated using the Toxicol. Priority Index (ToxPi) for the 322 contaminants which had available toxicity data from at least two of the databases. Four modifications to this general prioritization scheme were developed to demonstrate the flexibility of this scheme for addressing varied research and applied objectives. The general scheme served as a basis for comparison of the results from the modified schemes, and allowed for identification of contaminants uniquely prioritized in each of the schemes. The schemes outlined here can be used to identify the most harmful contaminants in environmental media in order to design the most relevant mitigation strategies and monitoring plans. Finally, future research directions involving the combination of these prioritization schemes and non-target global metabolomic profiling are discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Recommanded Product: 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Recommanded Product: 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Phenylalanine gold nanoclusters as sensing platform for π-π interfering molecules: a case study of iodide was written by Amiri-Sadeghan, Amir;Dinari, Ali;Mohammadi, Soheila;Zohrabi, Tayebeh;Khodarahmi, Reza;Hosseinkhani, Saman;Yoon, Jungwon. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

The photo-phys. properties of metal nano clusters are sensitive to their surrounding medium. Fluorescence enhancement, quenching, and changes in the emitted photon properties are usual events in the sensing applications using these nano materials. Combining this sensitivity with unique properties of self-assembled structures opens new opportunities for sensing applications. Here, we synthesized gold nanoclusters by utilizing phenylalanine amino acid as both capping and reducing mol. Phenylalanine is able to self-assemble to rod-shaped nano structure in which the π-π interaction between the aromatic rings is a major stabilizing force. Any substance as iodide anion or mol. that is able to weaken this interaction influence the fluorescence of metal nano-clusters. Since the building blocks of the self-assembled structure are made through the reaction of gold ions and phenylalanine, the oxidized products and their effect of sensing features are explored. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.COA of Formula: C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bridge-splitting reactions and far infrared spectra of diene derivatives of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes was written by Crociani, Bruno;Uguagliati, Paolo;Boschi, Tristano;Belluco, Umberto. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical in 1968.Synthetic Route of C10H10Cl2Pt This article mentions the following:

Bridge-splitting reactions of complexes of the type [M(diene.OMe)X]2 (M = Pd(II), Pt(II); diene = cycloocta-1,5-diene, dicyclopentadiene; X = Cl, Br) by neutral ligands (L) having N or P as donor atoms are reported. For the products [M(diene.OMe)LX] two structures are possible, i.e., with L cis to the olefinic double bond (A) or trans to it (B). On the basis of far-ir, spectra, structure (A) has been attributed to [Pd(diene.OMe)(py)Cl] and [Pt(diene.-OMe)LX)] (L = pyridine and p-toluidine). Structure (B) has been attributed to [Pt(diene.OMe)(PPh3)X] and to the analogous Pd(II) complexes. From [M(diene.OMe)(py)Cl] the pyridine is displaced by another neutral ligand, whereas the chloride ion is displaced only by an anionic one. The far-ir spectra (500-60 cm.-1) of the dimers [M(diene.OMe)X]2 are reported and the metal-bridging halogen stretching frequencies are assigned on the basis of a Cipoint-group symmetry. The v(M-Clbridging) falls in the range 298-216 cm.-1, v(M-Brbridging 201-148 cm.-1, and v(M-Ibridging) 165-122 cm.-1 In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0Synthetic Route of C10H10Cl2Pt).

Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Synthetic Route of C10H10Cl2Pt

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Natural sunlight driven photocatalytic performance of Ag/ZnO nanocrystals was written by Singh, Sarika. And the article was included in Materials Today Communications in 2022.Related Products of 61-73-4 This article mentions the following:

Herein, spherical-shaped ZnO nanoparticles of an average size of about 10 nm were successfully synthesized through a soft chem. approach. We further prepared the Ag/ZnO nanocrystals by varying the loaded amounts of metallic silver nanoparticles (1, 3, and 5 wt%) without using any reducing and stabilizing agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XPS anal. confirmed the transformation of Ag ions into metallic Ag and the interaction between Ag and ZnO nanoparticles. High resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images revealed that Ag nanoparticles of an average size of about 4.6 nm are present on the surface of spherical ZnO nanoparticles. UV-visible absorption spectra showed that the appropriate amount of Ag loading with ZnO shifted the band gap from UV to the visible region. Photoluminescence spectrum reveals the inclusion of Ag in ZnO and minimizes the recombination of electron-hole pairs. These synthesized Ag/ZnO nanocrystals were investigated for its potential applications in photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under UV and sunlight irradiation and compared their efficiency with pure ZnO. Interestingly, it is seen that ZnO nanocrystals that are UV active become visible active when loaded with 1 and 5 wt% of metallic Ag. ZnO loaded with 1 wt% of metallic Ag completely degraded the methylene blue within 3 h under natural sunlight. Under UV light, 3 wt% of Ag in ZnO exhibits higher photocatalytic performance than the others. Thus, incorporating metallic Ag in ZnO nanoparticles shows excellent photocatalyst performance and recycling capability. Furthermore, the participation of different reactive species in the photocatalysis degradation mechanism was studied using four scavengers and the results indicate that superoxide and singlet oxygen are the dominant reactive species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Related Products of 61-73-4).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Related Products of 61-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics