Tag: 200-300

Discovery and optimization of N-(3-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridin-4-yloxy)phenyl)benzenesulfonamides as novel GPR119 agonists was written by Yu, Ming;Zhang, Jian;Wang, Yingcai;Zhu, Jiang;Kayser, Frank;Medina, Julio C.;Siegler, Karen;Conn, Marion;Shan, Bei;Grillo, Mark P.;Coward, Peter;Liu, Jiwen. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2014.SDS of cas: 40108-12-1 This article mentions the following:

The discovery and optimization of novel N-(3-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridin-4-yloxy)phenyl)benzenesulfonamide GPR119 agonists is described. Modification of the pyridylphthalimide motif of the mol. with R¹ = -Me and R² = –ⁱPr substituents, incorporated with a 6-fluoro substitution on the central Ph ring offered a potent and metabolically stable tool compound 22. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl-2-chloro-3-cyano-6-methylisonicotinate (cas: 40108-12-1SDS of cas: 40108-12-1).

Ethyl-2-chloro-3-cyano-6-methylisonicotinate (cas: 40108-12-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.SDS of cas: 40108-12-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reactions of aliphatic acetals with N-chlorosaccharin: a kinetic study was written by Basheer Ahamed, K. A.;Sheik Dawood, S.;Baskaran, P.;Nambi, K.. And the article was included in Journal of the Indian Chemical Society in 1996.Formula: C7H4ClNO3S This article mentions the following:

The title oxidation with excess acetals RCH(OR¹)₂ (I; R = Me, R¹ = Et, Pr, Bu, Me₂CHCH₂, Me₃C; R = ClCH₂, CHCl₂, Et, Pr, R¹ = Et; R = Me, ClCH₂, R¹ = CH₂Ph) in aqueous AcOH was 1st order in N-chlorosaccharin and zero order in I. The oxidation rate was enhanced by added H₂SO₄ or HClO₄ but unaffected by added pyridine, and varied little with the structure of I. The rate-determining step thus involved dipolar rather than ionic species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0Formula: C7H4ClNO3S).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Formula: C7H4ClNO3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Allylic and benzylic chlorination and oxidation of organic substrates using N-chlorosaccharin was written by Bachhawat, J. M.;Koul, A. K.;Prashad, Bhagwati;Ramegowda, N. S.;Narang, C. K.;Mathur, N. K.. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Chemistry in 1973.SDS of cas: 14070-51-0 This article mentions the following:

N-Chlorosaccharin (I) was used for allylic and benzylic chlorination as well as for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcs., acids and hydrocarbons. I had properties similar to N-bromosuccinimide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0SDS of cas: 14070-51-0).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.SDS of cas: 14070-51-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Radiotracer stereochemistry affects substrate affinity and kinetics for improved imaging of system x_C^– in tumors was written by Greenwood, Hannah E.;Edwards, Richard;Koglin, Norman;Berndt, Mathias;Baark, Friedrich;Kim, Jana;Firth, George;Khalil, Eman;Mueller, Andre;Witney, Timothy H.. And the article was included in Theranostics in 2022.Recommanded Product: 76-83-5 This article mentions the following:

Amino acid utilization is perturbed in cancer cells, which rewire their metabolism to support cell survival and proliferation. This metabolic reprogramming can be exploited for diagnostic purposes through positron emission tomog. imaging of fluorine-18 labeled amino acids. Despite its promise, little is known regarding transporter-recognition of non-natural amino acid stereoisomers or their utility for cancer imaging. We report here the synthesis and in vivo characterization of a radiolabeled amino acid (R)-4-(3-¹⁸F-fluoropropyl)-L-glutamate ([¹⁸F]FRPG) and compared its tumor imaging properties to the 4S-isomer, [¹⁸F]FSPG. [¹⁸F]FRPG and [¹⁸F]FSPG uptake was assessed in H460 lung cancer cells, with efflux measured 30 min after removal of exogenous activity. Specificity of [¹⁸F]FRPG for system x_C^– was further examined following transporter inhibition and blocking studies with system x_C^– substrates. [¹⁸F]FRPG and [18F]FSPG pharmacokinetics was next quantified in mice bearing s.c. A549, H460, VCAP and PC3 tumors, with mice bearing A549 tumors imaged by PET/CT. To better-understand differential tumor retention, radiometabolite anal. was performed on tissue and blood samples after imaging. Next, [¹⁸F]FRPG and [¹⁸F]FSPG retention in lipopolysaccharide-treated lungs were compared to an orthotopic H460 lung cancer model. Finally, the sensitivity of [¹⁸F]FRPG to manipulation of the redox environment was examined in cell and in vivo models. [¹⁸F]FRPG was specifically transported across the plasma membrane by the cystine/glutamate antiporter system x_C^– and retained at high levels in multiple tumor models. Conversely, [¹⁸F]FRPG was rapidly extracted from the blood and cleared from tissues with low system x_C^– expression. Due to its favorable imaging properties, tumor-to-blood ratios ≥10 were achieved with [¹⁸F]FRPG, which were either equal to or greater than [¹⁸F]FSPG. In addition, [¹⁸F]FRPG retention in orthotopic lung tumors with high system x_C^– expression was 2.5-fold higher than inflamed tissue, allowing for clear tumor visualization. In vivo, [¹⁸F]FRPG and [¹⁸F]FSPG were metabolized to a single species, with [18F]FRPG showing a higher percentage of parent radiotracer in tumors compared to [¹⁸F]FSPG. [¹⁸F]FRPG was sensitive to redox manipulations and tumor retention was reduced following treatment with liposomal doxorubicin in mice bearing ovarian tumors. Given the fast clearance and low background retention of [¹⁸F]FRPG throughout the body, this radiotracer holds promise for the imaging of system x_C^– activity and treatment response monitoring in tumors of the thorax, abdomen, and head and neck. [¹⁸F]FRPG PET imaging provides a sensitive noninvasive measure of system x_C^– and excellent properties for cancer imaging. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Recommanded Product: 76-83-5).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Recommanded Product: 76-83-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

SAR evolution and discovery of benzenesulfonyl matrinanes as a novel class of potential coxsakievirus inhibitors was written by Tang, Sheng;Li, Yu-Huan;Cheng, Xin-Yue;Li, Ying-Hong;Wang, Hui-Qiang;Kong, Lan-Ying;Zhang, Xin;Jiang, Jian-Dong;Song, Dan-Qing. And the article was included in Future Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Formula: C7H4ClF3O2S This article mentions the following:

Materials & methods: Fifty-one novel 12N-substituted matrinic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-coxsackievirus B3 activities. Results: Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the 11-side chain could be determinant for the selectivity index by adjusting overall lipophilicity, and 11-butane was the best one for both potency and druggability. The optimized 35d showed the broad-spectrum anti-coxsackieviruse effects, an excellent pharmacokinetics and a good safety profile. More importantly, it displayed a potential effect for the pleconaril-resistant coxsackievirus B3 as well. Its mode of action is targeting on the viral transcription and translation stage, a different mechanism from that of pleconaril. Conclusion: Thus, we considered that 35d is a promising anti-enteroviral candidate for the treatment of various diseases infected with coxsackieviruses. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Formula: C7H4ClF3O2S).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Formula: C7H4ClF3O2S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

SkinEthic HCE Eye Irritation Test: Similar performance demonstrated after long distance shipment and extended storage conditions was written by Leblanc, Virginie;Yokota, Mariko;Grandidier, Marie-Helene;Yoshida, Daisuke;Adriaens, Els;Cotovio, Jose;Kyoutani, Daiki;Alepee, Nathalie. And the article was included in Toxicology In Vitro in 2019.Formula: C10H8Cl2FNO3 This article mentions the following:

Assessment of ocular irritation risk is an international regulatory requirement in the safety evaluation of products. In response to this need, L’Oreal developed the SkinEthic Human Corneal Epithelium (HCE) Eye Irritation Test (EIT) that has been included in OECD Test Guideline 492. SkinEthic HCE EIT is able to correctly and reliably identify chems. not requiring classification vs. labeling for eye irritation or serious eye damage according to UN GHS. In an effort to promote its global use, the performance of the method was evaluated after long-distance shipment and compared to European shipment conditions. Results obtained by Cosmos Tech. Center (Japan) after extended tissues transit were compared to results obtained in L’Oreál (France). Thirty-nine out of 40 blinded chems., representing different functional chem. classes, were consistently classified in both laboratories The SkinEthic HCE EIT test method was also evaluated for its performance after extended storage of the tissues. The performance was in agreement with the values reported in OECD TG 492, with an overall accuracy of 87.1% (based on 119 chems.), sensitivity of 95.5% and specificity of 73.5%. The reliability and relevance of SkinEthic HCE EIT test method after long-distance shipment and extended storage remain in agreement with regulatory validation criteria. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate (cas: 96568-04-6Formula: C10H8Cl2FNO3).

Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate (cas: 96568-04-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Formula: C10H8Cl2FNO3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nitrophenyl Derivatives as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors was written by Costantino, Luca;Ferrari, Anna Maria;Gamberini, Maria Cristina;Rastelli, Giulio. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2002.SDS of cas: 16588-16-2 This article mentions the following:

Nitrophenyl derivatives were recently discovered as a new class of ALR2 inhibitors by means of docking and database screening of the National Cancer Institute database of organic mols. The nitro group was predicted to bind to the Tyr48 and His110 active site residues of the enzyme, the site where acidic ALR2 inhibitors such as carboxylic acids bind in their anionic form. Given the novelty of these compounds, we decided to expand their structure-activity relationships by synthesizing and testing a series of derivatives and the corresponding compounds having a carboxylic group instead of the nitro moiety; the results obtained were rationalized by means of docking and mol. dynamics simulations. On the whole there is an agreement between inhibitory data and the results of mol. modeling experiments, supporting the hypothesized binding mode of these compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2SDS of cas: 16588-16-2).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.SDS of cas: 16588-16-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hydroxy-benzimidazoles as blue-green emitters: Synthesis, structural and DFT studies was written by Sathyanarayana, Reshma;Kumar, Vasantha;Pujar, G. H.;Poojary, Boja;Shankar, Madan Kumar;Yallappa, Sangappa. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2020.Safety of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate This article mentions the following:

The new benzimidazole ligands (3a-e) were synthesized using Et 4-(butylamino)-3-nitrobenzoate and substituted salicylaldehyde in the presence of sodium dithionite reagent which undergoes “one-pot” nitro reductive cyclization. Here benzimidazole moiety acts as an electron-acceptor (A) whereas substituted 2-hydroxyphenyl moiety acts as an electron-donor (D) unit. The mol. structures were characterised by FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, single crystal XRD and MS anal. Optoelectronic properties were determined by UV-vis, solution and solid photoluminescence, quantum yield and lifetime. The solvent-dependent absorption and emission were studied using both polar protic and polar aprotic solvents. All the derivatives exhibited ESIPT, especially compound Et 1-butyl-2-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate (3e) displayed dual emission in both polar protic and polar aprotic solvents. The compound stability and electrochem. property were determined by thermal gravimetric anal. (TGA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) resp. The compounds emit intense blue-green fluorescence with high to moderate quantum yield. Also, these derivatives exhibited a high Stokes shift. The crystal packing is stabilized through intermol. hydrogen bonds (C—H…O) and intermol. interactions (π… π). The findings of results help in developing novel ligands in the field of organic optoelectronics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Safety of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Safety of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Quinolone antibacterials containing the new 7-[3-(1-aminoethyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl] side chain: the effects of the 1-aminoethyl moiety and its stereochemical configurations on potency and in vivo efficacy was written by Domagala, John M.;Hagen, Susan E.;Joannides, Themis;Kiely, John S.;Laborde, Edgardo;Schroeder, Mel C.;Sesnie, Josephine A.;Shapiro, Martin A.;Suto, Mark J.;Vanderroest, Steven. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1993.Computed Properties of C10H8Cl2FNO3 This article mentions the following:

A series of stereochemically pure 7-[3-(1-aminoethyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl]-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline and 1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids, with varied substituents at the 1-, 5-, and 8-positions, were synthesized to study the effects of the 7-[3-(1-aminoethyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl] moiety on potency and in vivo efficacy relative to the known 7-[3-(aminomethyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl] derivatives The antibacterial efficacies of the target compounds and their relevant reference agents were determined in vitro using an assortment of Gram-neg. and Gram-pos. organisms and in vivo using Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes mouse infection models. The effects of the 7-[3-(1-aminoethyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl] moiety were also examined at the level of the target enzyme by employing a DNA-gyrase supercoiling inhibition assay. Selected compounds were further evaluated for potential phototoxic and clastogenic liabilities using a phototoxicity mouse model and an in vitro mammalian cell cytotoxicity assay. It was found that the differences in in vitro antibacterial activity between the stereoisomers were significantly greater than previously reported for other optically pure 3-substituted pyrrolidinyl side chains. Relative to their 7-[3-(aminomethyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl] analogs, the (3R,1S)-3-(1-aminoethyl)pyrrolidines generally conferred a 2-4-fold increase in Gram-pos. in vitro activity and an average of 10-fold improvement in oral efficacy. The level of phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of the product quinolones was ultimately determined by the combined influence of the 7-[3-(1-aminoethyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl] side chains and the other quinolone substituents. From this study, several compounds were identified with outstanding antibacterial activity and low degrees of phototoxicity and mammalian cell cytotoxicity. One such agent, R,S–I (PD 140248), showed the best overall blend of safety and efficacy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate (cas: 96568-04-6Computed Properties of C10H8Cl2FNO3).

Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate (cas: 96568-04-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Computed Properties of C10H8Cl2FNO3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Discovery of novel anti-angiogenesis agents. Part 6: Multi-targeted RTK inhibitors was written by Zhang, Lin;Shan, Yuanyuan;Li, Chuansheng;Sun, Ying;Su, Ping;Wang, Jinfeng;Li, Lisha;Pan, Xiaoyan;Zhang, Jie. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Application of 6590-96-1 This article mentions the following:

Angiogenesis is modulated by a multitude of pro-angiogenic factors including VEGFR-2, Tie-2, and EphB4. Moreover, their crosstalk also had been well elaborated. We have identified several diarylurea-based VEGFR-2 inhibitors as potential anti-angiogenesis agents. As a continuation to our previous research, two series of diaryl malonamide and diaryl thiourea derivatives have been developed as multiplex VEGFR-2/Tie-2/EphB4 inhibitors. Interestingly, the biol. evaluation indicated that several compounds bearing trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxyl exhibited promising multiplex inhibition against angiogenesis-related VEGFR-2, Tie-2, and EphB4. The representative compound (I) displayed both potent multi-targeted RTK inhibition and considerable antiproliferative activities against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926). These results will contribute to the discovery of novel multi-targeted anti-angiogenesis agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Application of 6590-96-1).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Application of 6590-96-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics