Tag: 200-300

Pore size regulation of polyamide composite membrane via a sol-gel process confined within the selective layer was written by He, Qingyuan;Hu, Yifei;Li, Xingzheng;Liu, Meihong;Yu, Sanchuan;Gao, Congjie. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.Product Details of 4422-95-1 This article mentions the following:

Membrane with pores of homogeneous size distribution is vital to high fraction efficiency of nanofiltration process. In this study, a novel approach of space-confined sol-gel was put forward to regulate the size and distribution of the pores of interfacially synthesized polyamide composite membrane for enhanced fraction efficiency. Tetra-Et orthosilicate (TEOS) was introduced into the porous polyamide network of the selective layer and employed to in situ generate a new silica network through space-confined hydrolysis and condensation. Membrane property including pore size distribution and separation performance was tuned by regulating the content of TEOS and systematically characterized by ATR-FTIR, XPS, SEM, AFM and cross-flow permeation test. The sol-gel of TEOS mols. confined within the selective layer was found to form a new polyamide-silica based separation layer with decreased pore size and homogenized pore size distribution. The mean size in diameter and geometric standard deviation of size distribution of the pores of the virgin polyamide based membrane were about 0.64 nm and 1.32, while those of the desired polyamide-silica based membrane obtained with a TEOS content of 3.0 volume/volume% were 0.59 nm and 1.26, resp. The glucose rejection increased significantly from 58.0% of virgin polyamide membrane to 81.5% of the desired polyamide-silica based membrane. Permeation tests with concentrated mixed solution also revealed that, the desired polyamide-silica based membrane possessed better efficiency in the removal of sodium sulfate from the concentrated brine compared to the com. membrane NF270, showing an average Na₂SO₄ rejection above 98.3%, a water flux around 120.0 l/m² h, and nearly no NaCl rejection to a concentrated brine containing 200.0 g/L NaCl and 10.0 g/L Na₂SO₄ under 30.0 bar and 40.0°C. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Product Details of 4422-95-1).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Product Details of 4422-95-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On water: catalyst-free chemoselective synthesis of highly functionalized tetrahydroquinazolines from 2-aminophenylacrylate was written by Saunthwal, Rakesh K.;Patel, Monika;Tiwari, Rakesh K.;Parang, Keykavous;Verma, Akhilesh K.. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2015.Formula: C7H3Cl2NS This article mentions the following:

A green and catalyst-free atom-economic straightforward tandem approach for the synthesis of highly functionalized tetrahydroquinazolines by the reaction of 2-aminophenylacrylates with isothiocyanates using water as an environmentally friendly solvent via amidation and concomitant chemoselective Michael addition is described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Formula: C7H3Cl2NS).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Formula: C7H3Cl2NS

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photolysis of ortho-nitrobenzylic derivatives: the importance of the leaving group was written by Solomek, Tomas;Mercier, Sebastien;Bally, Thomas;Bochet, Christian G.. And the article was included in Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences in 2012.HPLC of Formula: 57045-82-6 This article mentions the following:

Quantum yields for the photoinduced release of seven different commonly used leaving groups (LGs) from the o-nitroveratryl protecting group were measured. It was found that these quantum yields depend strongly on the nature of the LGs. The authors show that the quantum efficiency with which the LGs are released correlates with the stabilization that these LGs provide to o-nitrobenzyl-type radicals because radical stabilizing groups weaken the C-H bond that is cleaved in the photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer step, and hence lower the barrier for this process. At the same time these substituents lower the endothermicity of the thermal hydrogen atom transfer and thus increase the barrier for the reverse process, thereby enhancing the part of the initially formed aci-nitro intermediates which undergo cyclization (which ultimately leads to LG release). Radical stabilization energies computed by DFT methods are thus a useful predictor of the relative efficiency with which LGs are photoreleased from o-nitrobenzyl protecting groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Chloroformicacidn-nonylester (cas: 57045-82-6HPLC of Formula: 57045-82-6).

Chloroformicacidn-nonylester (cas: 57045-82-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.HPLC of Formula: 57045-82-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of AD-Dihydrodipyrrins Equipped with Latent Substituents of Native Chlorophylls and (Bacterio)chlorophylls was written by Wang, Pengzhi;Lindsey, Jonathan S.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 76-83-5 This article mentions the following:

Native chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls share a common trans-substituted pyrroline ring D (17-propionic acid, 18-methyl), whereas diversity occurs in ring A particularly at the 3-position. Two dihydrodipyrrins equipped with native-like D-ring substituents and A-ring substituents have been synthesized. The synthesis relies on a Schreiber-modified Nicholas reaction to construct the stereochem. defined precursor to ring D, a dialkyl-substituted pent-4-ynoic acid. The carboxylic acid group of the intact propionic acid proved unworkable, whereupon protected propionate (-CO₂^tBu) and several latent Pr ethers were examined The tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-protected propanol substituent proved satisfactory for reaction of the chiral N-acylated oxazolidinone, affording (2S,3S)-2-(3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)propyl)-3-methylpent-4-ynoic acid in ~30% yield over 8 steps. Two variants for ring A, 2-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-Br/H-5-iodo-4-methylpyrrole, were prepared via the Barton-Zard route. Dihydrodipyrrin formation from the pyrrole and pentynoic acid entailed Jacobi Pd-mediated lactone formation, Petasis methenylation, and Paal-Knorr-type pyrroline formation. The two AD-dihydrodipyrrins bear the D-ring Me and protected propanol groups with a stereochem. configuration identical to that of native (bacterio)chlorophylls, and a bromine or no substitution in ring A corresponding to the 3-position of (bacterio)chlorophylls. The analogous β-position of a lactone-pyrrole intermediate on the path to the dihydrodipyrrin also was successfully brominated, opening opportunities for late-stage diversification in the synthesis of (bacterio)chlorophylls. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5HPLC of Formula: 76-83-5).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.HPLC of Formula: 76-83-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Potent inhibitors of CDK5 derived from roscovitine: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling was written by Demange, Luc;Abdellah, Fatma Nait;Lozach, Olivier;Ferandin, Yoan;Gresh, Nohad;Meijer, Laurent;Galons, Herve. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2013.Safety of 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine This article mentions the following:

9-Isopropyl-2-(hydroxyalkylamino)-6-(arylamino)purines I [R = 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl; R¹ = Cl, (R)-Et(HOCH₂)CHNH, (S)-Et(HOCH₂)CHNH, (R)-Me₂CH(HOCH₂)CHNH, (S)-Me₂CH(HOCH₂)CHNH, (HOCH₂)₂CH, HOCH₂CMe₂NH, 5-pyrimidinylamino, 2-pyrazinylamino] were prepared as analogs of the CDK inhibitor roscovitine for potential use as selective inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) over CDK2, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3αβ), and casein kinase 1 (CK1). Regioselective alkylation of 2,6-dichloropurine, regioselective Buchwald-Hartwig amination with arylamines, and reaction with amino alcs. yielded I, with chlorides generated by omission of the reaction with amino alcs., and I (R = R¹ = 5-pyrimidinylamino, 2-pyrazinylamino) generated as diamination byproducts from Buchwald-Hartwig amination. I [R = 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyridazinyl; R¹ = (R)-Et(HOCH₂)CHNH, (S)-Et(HOCH₂)CHNH, (R)-Me₂CH(HOCH₂)CHNH] inhibited CDK5 with IC₅₀ values ranging from 17 to 50 nM and induced cell death in human neuroblastoma cells with IC₅₀ values ranging from 2 to 9 μM in SH-SY5Y cells. Mol. docking of I [R = 4-pyrimidinyl; R¹ = (R)-Et(HOCH₂)CHNH] and I [R = 4-pyridazinyl; R¹ = (R)-Et(HOCH₂)CHNH] into the ATP binding domain of the CDK5 catalytic site highlighted the importance of a hydrogen bond between the arylamino ring nitrogen atoms and residue Lys-89 of CDK5 for enzyme inhibition. The calculated final energy balances for complexation measured for several inhibitors is consistent with the ranking of the IC₅₀ values. I [R = 3-pyridinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl; R¹ = (R)-Me₂CH(HOCH₂)CHNH, (S)-Me₂CH(HOCH₂)CHNH] inhibited dual specificity, tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), a kinase involved in Down’s syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 300 to 400 nM. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7Safety of 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine).

2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Safety of 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

CdS Quantum Dots as Potent Photoreductants for Organic Chemistry Enabled by Auger Processes was written by Widness, Jonas K.;Enny, Daniel G.;McFarlane-Connelly, Kaelyn S.;Miedenbauer, Mahilet T.;Krauss, Todd D.;Weix, Daniel J.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.Application In Synthesis of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate This article mentions the following:

Strong reducing agents (<-2.0 V vs SCE) enable a wide array of useful organic chem., but suffer from a variety of limitations. Stoichiometric metallic reductants such as alkali metals and SmI₂ are commonly employed for these reactions; however, considerations including expense, ease of use, safety, and waste generation limit the practicality of these methods. Recent approaches utilizing energy from multiple photons or electron-primed photoredox catalysis have accessed reduction potentials equivalent to Li⁰ and shown how this enables selective transformations of aryl chlorides via aryl radicals. However, in some cases, low stability of catalytic intermediates can limit turnover numbers Herein, we report the ability of CdS nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) to function as strong photoreductants and present evidence that a highly reducing electron is generated from two consecutive photoexcitations of CdS QDs with intermediate reductive quenching. Mechanistic experiments suggest that Auger recombination, a photophys. phenomenon known to occur in photoexcited anionic QDs, generates transient thermally excited electrons to enable the observed reductions Using blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and sacrificial amine reductants, aryl chlorides and phosphate esters with reduction potentials up to -3.4 V vs SCE are photoreductively cleaved to afford hydrodefunctionalized or functionalized products. In contrast to small-mol. catalysts, QDs are stable under these conditions and turnover numbers up to 47 500 have been achieved. These conditions can also effect other challenging reductions, such as tosylate protecting group removal from amines, debenzylation of benzyl-protected alcs., and reductive ring opening of cyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6Application In Synthesis of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate).

tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Application In Synthesis of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,4-disubstituted quinazoline derivatives targeting H1975 cells via EGFR-PI3K signaling pathway was written by Wang, Zhengjie;Liu, Limin;Dai, Honglin;Si, Xiaojie;Zhang, Luye;Li, Erdong;Yang, Zhang;Chao, Gao;Zheng, Jiaxin;Ke, Yu;Shan, Lihong;Zhang, Qiurong;Liu, Hongmin. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Quality Control of 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate This article mentions the following:

In order to find new and highly effective anti-tumor drugs with targeted therapeutic effects, a series of novel 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives containing N-phenylacetamide structure were designed, synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity against four human cancer cell lines (H1975, PC-3, MDA-MB-231 and MGC-803) using MTT assay. The results showed that the compound I had the most potent antiproliferative activity against H1975, PC-3, MDA-MB-231 and MGC-803 cell lines. At the same time, compound 19e could significantly inhibit the colony formation and migration of H1975 cells. Compound I also arrested the H1975 cell cycle in the G1 phase and mediated cell apoptosis, promoted the accumulation of ROS in H1975 cells. Furthermore, compound I exerted antitumor effect in vitro by reducing the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and increasing the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and p53. Mechanistically, compound I could significantly decreased the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream protein PI3K in H1975 cells. Which indicated that compound I targeted H1975 cell via interfering with EGFR-PI3K signaling pathway. Mol. docking showed that compound I could bind into the active pocket of EGFR. Those work suggested that compound I would have remarkable implications for further design of anti-tumor agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Quality Control of 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Quality Control of 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Additivity of substituent effects in m- and p-substituted benzoic acids was written by Kalfus, K.;Kroupa, J.;Vecera, M.;Exner, Otto. And the article was included in Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications in 1975.Application In Synthesis of 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid This article mentions the following:

Dissociation constants of 74 mono- and disubstituted benzoic acids were measured in 50% aqueous EtOH and 80% aqueous Me cellosolve. Cumulative substituent effects were generally in accord with the additive scheme presented. With 3,5-disubstituted benzoic acids, the additivity was within the limits of exptl. error; the theoretically required effect of symmetry on the entropy term was not required. With 3,4-disubstituted benzoic acids, the deviations from additivity were more frequent; some deviations could be explained in terms of current theories of the ortho effect. In both series the additive relationship in a constant solvent is more precise than the Hammett equation. A lesser number of deviations was observed in 80% aqueous Me cellosolve than in 50% aqueous EtOH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 34662-36-7Application In Synthesis of 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid).

3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 34662-36-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Covalent addition of N-chlorosaccharin to cyclohexene was written by Dawn, Hanson;Pitman, Ian H.;Higuchi, Takeru. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1970.Application of 14070-51-0 This article mentions the following:

N-(2-Chlorocyclohexyl)-saccharin (I), m. 171-2.5° [Me2CO-H2O), was prepared by adding 400 mg N-chlorosaccharin (II) to 15 ml I at 25° . The structure was confirmed by NMR and ir spectroscopy, and elemental anal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0Application of 14070-51-0).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Application of 14070-51-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nanoceria as an efficient and green catalyst for the chemoselective N-tert-butyloxycarbonylation of amines under the solvent-free conditions was written by Ingale, Ajit P.;Ukale, Dattatraya;Garad, Dnyaneshwar N.;Shinde, Sandeep V.. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2021.Synthetic Route of C11H14ClNO2 This article mentions the following:

Nanocerium oxide mediated an efficient and green protocol has been described for the chemoselective N-tert-butyloxycarbonylation of amines under the solvent-free conditions at ambient temperature Various aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic amines were protected using developed protocol and several functional groups such as alc., phenol and ester were well tolerated under these conditions. The rapid reaction rate, mild conditions, very good functional group tolerance, excellent yield, solvent-free, easy recovery products and excellent catalyst recyclability are the advantages of this protocol. This makes the protocol feasible, economical and environmentally benign. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6Synthetic Route of C11H14ClNO2).

tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Synthetic Route of C11H14ClNO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics