Tag: 200-300

Selective Penicillamine Substitution Enables Development of a Potent Analgesic Peptide that Acts through a Non-Opioid-Based Mechanism was written by Gajewiak, Joanna;Christensen, Sean B.;Dowell, Cheryl;Hararah, Fuaad;Fisher, Fernando;Huynh, Peter N.;Olivera, Baldomero M.;McIntosh, J. Michael. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Venom-derived compounds are of broad interest in neuropharmacol. and drug development. α-Conotoxins are small disulfide-containing peptides from Conus snails that target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and are in clin. development for non-opioid-based treatment of intractable pain. Although refined by evolution for interaction with target prey receptors, enhancements of pharmacol. properties are needed for use in mammalian systems. Therefore, we synthesized analogs of α-conotoxin RgIA using a combination of selective penicillamine substitutions together with natural and non-natural amino acid replacements. This approach resulted in a peptide with 9000-fold increased potency on the human α9α10 nAChR and improved resistance to disulfide shuffling compared to the native peptide. The lead analog, RgIA-5474, potently blocked α9α10 nAChRs, but not opioid- or other pain-related targets. In addition, RgIA-5474 effectively reversed chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Introducing a 4-pyridyl group on the backbone of polybenzoxazine to an analog fixed-DMAP catalyst was written by Guo, Tianfo;Tong, Haoying;Li, Zhenjiang;Sun, Jie;Li, Yongqiang;Yan, Rui;Liu, Bo;Zhang, Zhihao;Zhu, Yuejia;Guo, Kai. And the article was included in European Polymer Journal in 2021.Related Products of 76-83-5 This article mentions the following:

Polybenzoxazine (PBz) anchored with an N-4′-pyridyl group on the backbone was prepared and characterized. Phenolic-type polybenzoxazine was selectively prepared by thermally initiated ring-opening polymerization of N-(4′-pyridyl)benzoxazine (Bz-Py). The loading of the catalytic moiety pyridyl on PBz-Py was 2.7 mmol g^-1. The catalytic comparison of the prepared PBz-Py to com. PS-DMAP in acylation reactions was investigated. Further extension to PBz-Py-catalyzed silylation and tritylation reactions resulted in high yields. The catalyst retained 85% activity after 4 recycles. The implementation of a 4-pyridyl group on the PBz backbone as a new type of polymeric catalyst showcased a general manifold to introduce catalytic moieties to designed polybenzoxazine catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Related Products of 76-83-5).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Related Products of 76-83-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Selective N- and P/Q-Type Calcium Channel Agonist was written by Liang, Mary;Tarr, Tyler B.;Bravo-Altamirano, Karla;Valdomir, Guillermo;Rensch, Gabriel;Swanson, Lauren;DeStefino, Nicholas R.;Mazzarisi, Cara M.;Olszewski, Rachel A.;Wilson, Gabriela Mustata;Meriney, Stephen D.;Wipf, Peter. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2012.COA of Formula: C8H8Cl2N4 This article mentions the following:

The acute effect of the potent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor (R)-roscovitine on Ca²⁺ channels inspired the development of structural analogs as a potential treatment for motor nerve terminal dysfunction. On the basis of a versatile chlorinated purine scaffold, we have synthesized ca. 20 derivatives, I [R¹ = n-Pr, Me, CHMe₂, R² = CH₂Ph, CH(Ph)₂, 3-pyridinylmethyl, etc.], and characterized their N-type Ca²⁺ channel agonist action. I were prepared by reacting 2,6-dichloro-9H-purine with R¹X/K₂CO₃/DMSO (X = halo), followed by reaction with R²NH₂/NEt₂/BuOH, which gave the 4-chloro-6-amino derivatives; the final step consisted of treating the latter compounds with (R)-2-amino-1-butanol at 170°C. Agents that showed strong agonist effects were also characterized in a kinase panel for their off-target effects. Among several novel compounds with diminished cdk activity, we identified a new lead structure with a 4-fold improved N-type Ca²⁺ channel agonist effect and a 22-fold decreased cdk2 activity as compared to (R)-roscovitine. This compound was selective for agonist activity on N- and P/Q-type over L-type calcium channels. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7COA of Formula: C8H8Cl2N4).

2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).COA of Formula: C8H8Cl2N4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Multimodal confined water dynamics in reverse osmosis polyamide membranes was written by Foglia, Fabrizia;Frick, Bernhard;Nania, Manuela;Livingston, Andrew G.;Cabral, Joao T.. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Related Products of 4422-95-1 This article mentions the following:

While polyamide (PA) membranes are widespread in water purification and desalination by reverse osmosis, a mol.-level understanding of the dynamics of both confined water and polymer matrix remains elusive. Despite the dense hierarchical structure of PA membranes formed by interfacial polymerization, previous studies suggest that water diffusion remains largely unchanged with respect to bulk water. Here, we employ neutron spectroscopy to investigate PA membranes under precise hydration conditions, and a series of isotopic contrasts, to elucidate water transport and polymer relaxation, spanning ps-ns timescales, and Å-nm length scales. We exptl. resolve, for the first time, the multimodal diffusive nature of water in PA membranes: in addition to (slowed down) translational jump-diffusion, we observe a long-range and a localized mode, whose geometry and timescales we quantify. The PA matrix is also found to exhibit rotational relaxations commensurate with the nanoscale confinement observed in water diffusion. This comprehensive ‘diffusion map’ can anchor mol. and nanoscale simulations, and enable the predictive design of PA membranes with tuneable performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Related Products of 4422-95-1).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Related Products of 4422-95-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Sulfonamides under Microwave Irradiation was written by Burton, George;Cao, Ping;Li, Gang;Rivero, Ralph. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2003.Electric Literature of C9H8ClNO4 This article mentions the following:

An efficient intermol. N-arylation of sulfonamides with aryl chlorides is realized using Pd catalysis. The reaction proceeds under microwave irradiation at 180-200° for 10 min with 2-10 mol % of Pd catalyst in 32-85% isolated yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Electric Literature of C9H8ClNO4).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Electric Literature of C9H8ClNO4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

All-Organic Filler with Fractal Structure for Reinforcement and Toughening of Aromatic Polyamide Film was written by Gao, Yue;Lv, Junwei;Gao, Kexiong;Zhang, Dajie;Luo, Longbo;Liu, Xiangyang. And the article was included in Macromolecular Materials and Engineering in 2022.Reference of 4422-95-1 This article mentions the following:

The simultaneous enhancement in strength and toughness seems to be an intrinsic contradiction in multiple material designs, including the structural regulation of polymer composites. In this study, benzimidazole-containing aromatic-polyamide thin films are used as typical rigid polymers with high strength and modulus to study their strength-toughness collaboration via a multi-scaled stress distribution mechanism. A fully organic deformable filler with a fractal structure is designed. Utilizing the large-scale deformability of the filler to absorb the energy and dislocation node structure of the filler to disperse the stress, the composite thin film is significantly toughened, which is reflected in the elongation at break increased by 144.9% and energy at break increased by 154.2%. In addition, the specific fractal structure of the filler provided a larger interaction area, which enhanced the interfacial bonding force and improved the strength of the film. Moreover, owing to the larger interaction area provided by the fractal structure, the interface bonding force between the filler and matrix due to the similar chem. structures is further improved and the tensile strength of the composite thin film is increased from 389.2 ± 11.98 to 426.2 ± 4.41 MPa. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Reference of 4422-95-1).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Reference of 4422-95-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recoverable and Reusable V₂O₅/SnO₂ catalyst for N-Boc protection of amines under solvent-free conditions was written by Ramchander, Potu;Raju, Gugulothu Vijayacharan Gajula;Satyanaryana, Battu. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research in 2017.Safety of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate This article mentions the following:

A simple methodol. for the synthesis of N-aryl carbamates RNBoc [R = Ph, 2-MeC₆H₄, 2-H₂NC₆H₄, etc.] via N-Boc protection of amines using V₂O₅/SnO₂ catalyst was developed. The reactions proceeded smoothly under solvent-free conditions and N-Boc protection of amines were obtained in good to excellent yields. This heterogeneous catalysis offered the advantages such as ease to prepare the V₂O₅/SnO₂ catalyst, low cost, availability and reusability of the catalyst, avoid to use of base-, metal-, or acid-reagents, relatively short reaction times and clean workup and no side reactions. The catalyst could be easily recovered and reused for ten reaction cycles for protection of amines without considerable loss of activity and yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6Safety of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate).

tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Safety of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Inhibitors of the protein-protein interaction between phosphorylated p62 and Keap1 attenuate chemoresistance in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line was written by Yasuda, Daisuke;Ohe, Tomoyuki;Takahashi, Kyoko;Imamura, Riyo;Kojima, Hirotatsu;Okabe, Takayoshi;Ichimura, Yoshinobu;Komatsu, Masaaki;Yamamoto, Masayuki;Nagano, Tetsuo;Mashino, Tadahiko. And the article was included in Free Radical Research in 2020.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Resistance to anticancer agents has been an obstacle to developing therapeutics and reducing medical costs. Whereas sorafenib is used for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resistance limits its efficacy. p62, a multifunctional protein, is overexpressed in several HCC cell lines, such as Huh-1 cells. Phosphorylated p62 (p-p62) inhibits the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between Keap1 and Nrf2, resulting in the Nrf2 overactivation that causes drug resistance. We have found a unique Nrf2 inactivator, named K67, that inhibited the PPI between Keap1 and p-p62 and attenuated sorafenib resistance in Huh-1 cells. Herein, we designed and synthesized novel K67 derivatives by modification of the substituent at the 4-position of the two benzenesulfonyl groups of K67. Although these new derivatives inhibited the Keap1-p-p62 PPI to a level comparable to or weaker than that of K67, the isopropoxy derivative enhanced the sensitivity of Huh-1 cells to sorafenib to a greater extent than K67 without any influence on the viability of Huh-7 cells, which is a non-resistant HCC cell line. The isopropoxy derivative also increased the sensitivity of Huh-1 cells to regorafenib, which suggests that this derivative has the potential to be used as an agent to overcome chemoresistance based on Nrf2 inactivation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

CON4EI: Short Time Exposure (STE) test method for hazard identification and labelling of eye irritating chemicals was written by Adriaens, E.;Willoughby, J. A. Sr.;Meyer, B. R.;Blakeman, L. C.;Alepee, N.;Fochtman, P.;Guest, R.;Kandarova, H.;Verstraelen, S.;Van Rompay, A. R.. And the article was included in Toxicology In Vitro in 2018.Reference of 96568-04-6 This article mentions the following:

Assessment of ocular irritancy is an international regulatory requirement in the safety evaluation of industrial and consumer products. Although many in vitro ocular irritation assays exist, alone they are incapable of fully categorizing chems. Therefore, the CEFIC-LRI-AIMT6-VITO CON4EI consortium was developed to assess the reliability of eight in vitro test methods and establish an optimal tiered-testing strategy. One assay selected was the Short Time Exposure (STE) assay. This assay measures the viability of SIRC rabbit corneal cells after 5 min exposure to 5% and 0.05% solutions of test material, and is capable of categorizing of Category 1 and No Category chems. The accuracy of the STE test method to identify Cat 1 chems. was 61.3% with 23.7% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity. If non-soluble chems. and unqualified results were excluded, the performance to identify Cat 1 chems. remained similar (accuracy 62.2% with 22.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The accuracy of the STE test method to identify No Cat chems. was 72.5% with 66.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Excluding highly volatile chems., non-surfactant solids and non-qualified results resulted in an important improvement of the performance of the STE test method (accuracy 96.2% with 81.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity). Furthermore, it seems that solids are more difficult to test in the STE, 71.4% of the solids resulted in unqualified results (solubility issues and/or high variation between independent runs) whereas for liquids 13.2% of the results were not qualified, supporting the restriction of the test method regarding the testing of solids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate (cas: 96568-04-6Reference of 96568-04-6).

Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate (cas: 96568-04-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Reference of 96568-04-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The analysis of chemical composition of volatile oil from Acacia pennata willd by GC-MS was written by Li, Gui-jun;Wang, Fan. And the article was included in Zhongguo Tiaoweipin in 2014.Recommanded Product: 3386-33-2 This article mentions the following:

Volatile oil from Acacia pennata Willd is extracted via steam distillation GC-MS is used to analyze the chem. composition of volatile oil with the similarity degree more than 85% and peak area normalization method is used for determining the relative content of each component. Totally 34 compounds are separated and identified, accounting for 90.34% of the total content, mostly including linolenyl alc.(15.75%), 1-Hexadecyne(14.96%), tetradecanoic acid(14.53%), 1, 2, 4-trithiolane(9.19%), 1, 2, 4, 6-tetrathiepane(6.33%), cyclopentanone ethylene ketal(3.57%), 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrathiane(2.55%), pentadecanoic acid(2.40%), cis-pinane(2.11%), etc. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2Recommanded Product: 3386-33-2).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Recommanded Product: 3386-33-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics