Tag: 200-300

Facile synthesis of phthalidyl fused spiro thiohydantoins through silica sulfuric acid induced oxidative rearrangement of ninhydrin adducts of thioureas was written by Mandal, Subhro;Pramanik, Animesh. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2020.Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS This article mentions the following:

A one-pot three-component sequential synthetic protocol produces structurally and biol. important phthalidyl fused spiro N,N’-disubstituted thiohydantoins from readily available aromatic isothiocyanates, primary amines and ninhydrin. In this three-step synthesis while the initial two steps are catalyst-free, in the final step silica sulfuric acid (SSA) induces an oxidative rearrangement in [3.3.0]-bicyclic 1,2-diol adducts of ninhydrin and thioureas under solvent-free condition to generate the final products spiro-fused thiohydantoins. The adequate acidity of SSA in cooperation with moderate oxidizing property promotes a facile oxidative rearrangement in 1,2-diol intermediates to produce the spiro-fused thiohydantoins with diverse functionalities. Easy recyclability of SSA, good to excellent yield of the products, wider substrate scope, shorter reaction time, solvent-free two steps out of three and high atom economy make this method attractive and practicable. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In-situ fabricated covalent organic frameworks-polyamide hybrid membrane for highly efficient molecular separation was written by Zhao, Song;Zha, Zhiyuan;Mao, Chenyue;Wang, Zhi;Wang, Jixiao. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.Formula: C9H3Cl3O3 This article mentions the following:

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) membranes fabricated via interfacial polymerization typically present high permeance but relatively low selectivity for small mols. To address this issue, COFs-polyamide hybrid membranes were in-situ fabricated onto polyacrylonitrile (PAN) substrate via interfacial polymerization for highly efficient mol. separation Specifically, P-phenylenediamine (Pa) or benzidine (BD) as the aqueous monomer was reacted with a mixture of 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (Tp) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) to generate COFs-polyamide hybrid structure, comprising the imide-linked COFs and the amide-linked polyamide. Since the TMC could react with the residual unreacted amine groups after COFs formation, the COFs-polyamide hybrid structure exhibited few defects and excellent stability. The as-prepared TpPaTMC/PAN or TpBDTMC/PAN hybrid membranes presented excellent performance for dye rejection and dye desalination with pure water permeances of 84âˆ?5 L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1, congo red rejection of âˆ?9%, acid red 66 rejection of 85%âˆ?2%, and Na₂SO₄/CR separation factor of 65âˆ?6. Moreover, the separation performance of COFs-polyamide hybrid membranes could be easily tunable by adjusting the TMC contents in the organic phase during the membrane fabrication, and the optimized membranes could be applied for dye rejection or dye desalination. The COFs-polyamide hybrid membranes also showed excellent anti-fouling performance and chem. stability. Therefore, the convenient and efficient in-situ fabrication of high-performance COFs-polyamide hybrid membrane would provide novel insight into the structure, property and application prospects of COFs membrane. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Formula: C9H3Cl3O3).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Formula: C9H3Cl3O3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The Neuroprotective Role of Ferrostatin-1 Under Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress in Dopaminergic Neuroblastoma Cells was written by Kabiraj, Parijat;Valenzuela, Carlos A.;Marin, Jose E.;Ramirez, David A.;Mendez, Lois;Hwang, Michael S.;Varela-Ramirez, Armando;Fenelon, Karine;Narayan, Mahesh;Skouta, Rachid. And the article was included in Protein Journal in 2015.Name: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate This article mentions the following:

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) are playing crucial roles in maintaining appropriate protein folding. Under nitrosative stress, an excess of nitric oxide (NO) radical species induced the S-nitrosylation of PDI cysteines which eliminate its isomerase and oxidoreductase capabilities. In addition, the S-nitrosylation-PDI complex is the cause of aggregation especially of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein (accumulation of Lewy-body aggregates). We recently identified a potent antioxidant small mol., Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), that was able to inhibit a non-apoptotic cell death named ferroptosis. Ferroptosis cell death involved the generation of oxidative stress particularly lipid peroxide. In this work, we reported the neuroprotective role of ferrostatin-1 under rotenone-induced oxidative stress in dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). We first synthesized the Fer-1 and confirmed that it is not toxic toward the SH-SY5Y cells at concentrations up to 12.5 μM. Second, we showed that Fer-1 compound quenched the com. available stable radical, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), in non-cellular assay at 82 %. Third, Fer-1 inhibited the ROS/RNS generated under rotenone insult in SH-SY5Y cells. Fourth, we revealed the effective role of Fer-1 in ER stress mediated activation of apoptotic pathway. Finally, we reported that Fer-1 mitigated rotenone-induced α-syn aggregation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Name: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Name: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Localization of α 2u-globulin in the acinar cells of preputial gland, and confirmation of its binding with farnesol, a putative pheromone, in field rat (Millardia meltada) was written by Rajamanickam, Ramachandran;Shanmugam, Achiraman;Thangavel, Rajagopal;Devaraj, Sankarganesh;Soundararajan, Kamalakkannan;Ponnirul, Ponmanickam;Ramalingam, Rajkumar;Ganesan, Ramya Vaideki;Parasuraman, Padmanabhan;Govindaraju, Archunan. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2018.Related Products of 3386-33-2 This article mentions the following:

Pheromones, low mol. weight chem. entities that bind to pheromone carrier proteins, are chem. signals that play an important role in the communication system in animals. This has been rather fairly well-studied in the rodents. The preputial gland, a rich source of pheromones in many rodents, contains a low mol. mass protein (18-20 kDa) that acts as one such pheromone carrier. However, the presence of this protein in the notorious rodent pest Millardia meltada has not yet been proven. Therefore, we aimed at identifying this protein, and the pheromones that are bound to it, in this rodent so as to utilize the information in the control of this pest. Twenty volatile compounds were identified in the preputial gland using GC-MS. Total protein of the gland was fractioned by both one and twodimensional electrophoresis when we identified a low mol. mass protein (19 kDa, pI- 4.7). Adopting MALDI-TOF MS and LC-MS analyses, the protein was confirmed as α 2u-globulin. To identify the volatiles bound to this protein, we used column chromatog. and GC-MS. We found that farnesol and 6-methyl-1-heptanol are the volatiles that would bind to the protein, which we propose to be putative pheromones. Immunohistochem. anal. confirmed localization of α 2u-globulin in the acinar cells of the preputial gland. Thus, we show that α 2u-globulin, a pheromone-carrier protein, is present in the preputial gland acinar cells of M. meltada and suggest farnesol and 6-methyl-1-heptanol to be the volatiles which would bind to it. The α 2u-globulin together with farnesol and 6-methyl-1-heptanol contribute to pheromonal communication of M. meltada. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2Related Products of 3386-33-2).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Related Products of 3386-33-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rapid Upcycling of End-of-Life Microfiltration Membrane Mediated by the Healing of Metal-Organic Complex was written by Wang, Xueye;Han, Hongyi;Zhou, Huimin;Wang, Tianlin;Dai, Ruobin;Wang, Zhiwei. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.Recommanded Product: Trimesoylchloride This article mentions the following:

Membrane separation is widely adopted in many industries, and the membranes reach their end of life (EOL) after long-term use. However, the conventional approach of replacing EOL membranes has a high carbon footprint, hindering the development of a green, low-carbon, and carbon-neutral process. In this study, we developed a cleaning-tannic acid-iron (TA-Fe)-healing-interfacial polymerization strategy with a reaction time of less than 20 min for the upcycling of an EOL microfiltration (MF) membrane. The cleaning step could remove most of the foulants from the EOL membrane. The TA-Fe healing step decreased the surface pore size and increased the hydrophilicity of the cleaned membrane, offering a more favorable platform for the storage of amine monomers required for interfacial polymerization The upcycled NF-Healed membrane possessed a Na₂SO₄ rejection of 96.9 ± 0.7% and high pure water permeance of 23.7 ± 1.4 L m^-2 h^-1 bar^-1. An economic anal. indicated that the chem. cost for upcycling was ~$4.9/m² membrane, which was lower than the estimated cost to replace the EOL MF membrane. This study provides a rapid and cost-effective method for the upcycling of the EOL MF membrane, which is a promising strategy to close the sustainable loop in the membrane materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Recommanded Product: Trimesoylchloride).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Recommanded Product: Trimesoylchloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fluorovinylsulfones and -Sulfonates as Potent Covalent Reversible Inhibitors of the Trypanosomal Cysteine Protease Rhodesain: Structure-Activity Relationship, Inhibition Mechanism, Metabolism, and In Vivo Studies was written by Jung, Sascha;Fuchs, Natalie;Johe, Patrick;Wagner, Annika;Diehl, Erika;Yuliani, Tri;Zimmer, Collin;Barthels, Fabian;Zimmermann, Robert A.;Klein, Philipp;Waigel, Waldemar;Meyr, Jessica;Opatz, Till;Tenzer, Stefan;Distler, Ute;Raeder, Hans-Joachim;Kersten, Christian;Engels, Bernd;Hellmich, Ute A.;Klein, Jochen;Schirmeister, Tanja. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Rhodesain is a major cysteine protease of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, a pathogen causing Human African Trypanosomiasis, and a validated drug target. Recently, we reported the development of α-halovinylsulfones as a new class of covalent reversible cysteine protease inhibitors. Here, α-fluorovinylsulfones/-sulfonates were optimized for rhodesain based on mol. modeling approaches. I (X = F), the most potent and selective inhibitor in the series, shows a single-digit nanomolar affinity and high selectivity toward mammalian cathepsins B and L. Enzymic dilution assays and MS experiments indicate that I (X = F) is a slow-tight binder (K_i = 3 nM). Furthermore, the nonfluorinated I (X = H) shows favorable metabolism and biodistribution by accumulation in mice brain tissue after i.p. and oral administration. The highest antitrypanosomal activity was observed for inhibitors with an N-terminal 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine group and a 4-Me-Phe residue in P2 with nanomolar EC₅₀ values (0.14/0.80μM). The different mechanisms of reversible and irreversible inhibitors were explained using QM/MM calculations and MD simulations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sydnone Sulfonamide Derivatives as Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiproliferative and Anti-HIV Agents was written by Asundaria, Shahrukh T.;Pannecouque, Christophe;De Clercq, Erik;Patel, Keshav C.. And the article was included in Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal in 2014.Quality Control of 2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid This article mentions the following:

Three series of substituted sydnone sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized wherein 3-(4-methylphenyl)-4-(chlorosulfonyl)sydnone was linked by a sulfonamide linkage with various thiazole, benzothiazole and quinazoline groups. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy and elemental anal. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and anti-HIV activities. Anti-HIV activity was determined against human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 (III-B) and HIV-2 (ROD) in MT-4 cells. Inhibition of cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) replication was measured in human embryonic lung (HEL) cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 5344-49-0Quality Control of 2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid).

2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 5344-49-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Quality Control of 2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Isoxazolines and Isoxazoles Inspired by Fipronil was written by Miller, Daniel K.;Bailey, Christopher A.;Sammelson, Robert E.. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2015.Safety of 4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzotrifluoride This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of novel isoxazole and isoxazoline heterocycles that have similar structural features to the com. used phenylpyrazole, fipronil is described. Synthesis of the appropriately substituted styrenes and phenylacetylenes is followed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with several aliphatic nitrile oxides, which are prepared in situ from aldoximes with bleach. Relative reaction rates were determined for these specialized alkene and alkyne dipolarophiles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzotrifluoride (cas: 118754-53-3Safety of 4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzotrifluoride).

4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzotrifluoride (cas: 118754-53-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Safety of 4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzotrifluoride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, synthesis, and antibacterial activity of novel myricetin derivatives containing sulfonate was written by Su, Shijun;Zhou, Qing;Tang, Xuemei;Peng, Feng;Liu, Tingting;Liu, Liwei;Xie, Chengwei;He, Ming;Xue, Wei. And the article was included in Monatshefte fuer Chemie in 2021.Product Details of 777-44-6 This article mentions the following:

A series of myricetin derivatives containing sulfonate groups I (R = Ph, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-thienyl, etc.) was designed and synthesized. Preliminary antibacterial activity showed that most of the target compounds I exhibited significant biol. activities against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. In particular, the EC₅₀ value of compound I (R = 4-nitrophenyl) was 13.76μg/cm³ against Xac, which was better than com. reagents bismerthiazol (50.32μg/cm³) and thiodiazole copper. (83.27μG/cm³), and the EC₅₀ value of compound I (3-chlorophenyl) was 11.92μg/cm³ against Xoo in vitro and the result was better than that of bismerthiazol (72.08μg/cm³) and thiodiazole copper (99.26μg/cm³). Compound I (R = 3-chlorophenyl) displayed the better in vivo activity against rice bacterial leaf blight than bismerthiazol and thiodiazole copper. Meanwhile, the antibacterial mechanism of compounds I (R = 4-nitrophenyl) and I (R = 3-chlorophenyl) was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). These results suggested that myricetin derivatives containing sulfonate I can be considered as new antibacterial reagents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Product Details of 777-44-6).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Product Details of 777-44-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Amidoxime prodrugs convert to potent cell-active multimodal inhibitors of the dengue virus protease was written by Swarbrick, Crystall;Zogali, Vasiliki;Chan, Kitti Wing Ki;Kiousis, Dimitrios;Gwee, Chin Piaw;Wang, Sai;Lescar, Julien;Luo, Dahai;von Itzstein, Mark;Matsoukas, Minos-Timotheos;Panagiotakopoulos, George;Vasudevan, Subhash G.;Rassias, Gerasimos. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S This article mentions the following:

The flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family comprises Dengue, Zika and West-Nile viruses which constitute unmet medical needs as neither appropriate antivirals nor safe vaccines are available. The dengue NS2BNS3 protease is one of the most promising validated targets for developing a dengue treatment however reported protease inhibitors suffer from toxicity and cellular inefficacy. Here we report SAR on our previously reported Zika-active carbazole scaffold, culminating in prodrug compound SP-471P (EC₅₀ 1.10μM, CC₅₀ > 100μM) that generates SP-471 (I â†?II); one of the most potent, non-cytotoxic and cell-active protease inhibitors described in the dengue literature. In cell-based assays, SP-471P leads to inhibition of viral RNA replication and complete abolishment of infective viral particle production even when administered 6 h post-infection. Mechanistically, SP-471 appears to inhibit both normal intermol. protease processes and intramol. cleavage events at the NS2BNS3 junction, as well as at NS3 internal sites, all critical for virus replication. These render SP-471 a unique to date multimodal inhibitor of the dengue protease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics