Tag: 200-300

Novel Biphenyl Pyridines as Potent Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Interaction was written by Wang, Tianyu;Cai, Shi;Wang, Mingming;Zhang, Wanheng;Zhang, Kuojun;Chen, Dong;Li, Zheng;Jiang, Sheng. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Reference of 65515-32-4 This article mentions the following:

The design, synthesis and in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of a series of novel biphenyl pyridines, I [R = Ph, 3-methoxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl, etc.; R¹ = H, (2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl; R² = methoxycarbonyl, (2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl, [[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methylamino]methyl, etc.; R³ = H, MeO] as the inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 was reported. Compound I [R = Ph, R¹ = H, R² = (2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl, R³ = MeO] was found to inhibit the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with an IC₅₀ value of 3.8 卤 0.3 nM and enhance the killing activity of tumor cells by immune cells. Compound I [R = Ph, R¹ = H, R² = (2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl, R³ = MeO] displayed great pharmacokinetics (oral bioavailability of 22%) and significant in-vivo antitumor activity in a CT26 mouse model. Flow cytometry and immunohistochem. data indicated that compound I [R = Ph, R¹ = H, R² = (2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl, R³ = MeO] activates the immune activity in tumors. These results suggest that compound I [R = Ph, R¹ = H, R² = (2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl, R³ = MeO] is a promising small-mol. inhibitor against the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and merits further development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 6-chloro-2-methoxynicotinate (cas: 65515-32-4Reference of 65515-32-4).

Methyl 6-chloro-2-methoxynicotinate (cas: 65515-32-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Reference of 65515-32-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Judging Enzyme-Responsive Micelles by Their Covers: Direct Comparison of Dendritic Amphiphiles with Different Hydrophilic Blocks was written by Slor, Gadi;Olea, Alis R.;Pujals, Silvia;Tigrine, Ali;De La Rosa, Victor R.;Hoogenboom, Richard;Albertazzi, Lorenzo;Amir, Roey J.. And the article was included in Biomacromolecules in 2021.Formula: C19H15Cl This article mentions the following:

Enzymically degradable polymeric micelles have great potential as drug delivery systems, allowing the selective release of their active cargo at the site of disease. Furthermore, enzymic degradation of the polymeric nanocarriers facilitates clearance of the delivery system after it has completed its task. While extensive research is dedicated toward the design and study of the enzymically degradable hydrophobic block, there is limited understanding on how the hydrophilic shell of the micelle can affect the properties of such enzymically degradable micelles. In this work, we report a systematic head-to-head comparison of well-defined polymeric micelles with different polymeric shells and two types of enzymically degradable hydrophobic cores. To carry out this direct comparison, we developed a highly modular approach for preparing clickable, spectrally active enzyme-responsive dendrons with adjustable degree of hydrophobicity. The dendrons were linked with three different widely used hydrophilic polymers-poly(ethylene glycol), poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), and poly(acrylic acid) using the CuAAC click reaction. The high modularity and mol. precision of the synthetic methodol. enabled us to easily prepare well-defined amphiphiles that differ either in their hydrophilic block composition or in their hydrophobic dendron. The micelles of the different amphiphiles were thoroughly characterized and their sizes, critical micelle concentrations, drug loading, stability, and cell internalization were compared. We found that the micelle diameter was almost solely dependent on the hydrophobicity of the dendritic hydrophobic block, whereas the enzymic degradation rate was strongly dependent on the composition of both blocks. Drug encapsulation capacity was very sensitive to the type of the hydrophilic block, indicating that, in addition to the hydrophobic core, the micellar shell also has a significant role in drug encapsulation. Incubation of the spectrally active micelles in the presence of cells showed that the hydrophilic shell significantly affects the micellar stability, localization, cell internalization kinetics, and the cargo release mechanism. Overall, the high mol. precision and the ability of these amphiphiles to report their disassembly, even in complex biol. media, allowed us to directly compare the different types of micelles, providing striking insights into how the composition of the micelle shells and cores can affect their properties and potential to serve as nanocarriers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Formula: C19H15Cl).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Formula: C19H15Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mechanism-Based QSAR Modeling of Skin Sensitization was written by Dearden, J. C.;Hewitt, M.;Roberts, D. W.;Enoch, S. J.;Rowe, P. H.;Przybylak, K. R.;Vaughan-Williams, G. D.;Smith, M. L.;Pillai, G. G.;Katritzky, A. R.. And the article was included in Chemical Research in Toxicology in 2015.Recommanded Product: 1-Chlorooctadecane This article mentions the following:

Many chems. can induce skin sensitization, and there is a pressing need for non-animal methods to give a quant. indication of potency. Using two large published data sets of skin sensitizers, we have allocated each sensitizing chem. to one of 10 mechanistic categories and then developed good QSAR models for the seven categories that have a sufficient number of chems. to allow modeling. Both internal and external validation checks showed that each model had good predictivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2Recommanded Product: 1-Chlorooctadecane).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Recommanded Product: 1-Chlorooctadecane

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Study on d⁰ Metal-Catalyzed Alkyl-Alkyl Cross-Coupling Enabled by a Redox-Active Ligand was written by Belli, Roman G.;Tafuri, Victoria C.;Joannou, Matthew V.;Roberts, Courtney C.. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.SDS of cas: 76-83-5 This article mentions the following:

Herein, a redox-active ligand-enabled alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling using a d⁰ metal was described. This tris(amido) ScIII complex as well as the oxidized variant was thoroughly characterized (NMR, X-ray, EPR, CV, UV-vis, DFT). Insight into the likely radical nature of the mechanism is disclosed. Addnl., a substrate scope that includes functional groups incompatible with late-transition-metal catalysis and both coupling partners bearing 尾-hydrogens was reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5SDS of cas: 76-83-5).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.SDS of cas: 76-83-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of 1-aryl- and 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylquinoxalinium perchlorates. Part 3. Synthesis of 1,2,3-trimethyl-6-X- and 1-cyclohexyl-2,3-dimethyl-6-X-quinoxalinium perchlorates was written by Schelz, D.;Rotzler, N.. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 1983.Safety of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate This article mentions the following:

The title compounds (I; R = cyclohexyl, Me; R¹ = H₂N, MeO, Me, AcNH, H, halogen, EtO₂C, F₃C, MeSO₂, O₂N), useful as precursors for naphthophenazinone dyes were synthesized starting with 2-nitrohalobenzenes. The preferred method of condensing the diamine intermediate (II) with 2,3-butanedione聽聽[431-03-8] in mixtures of HOAc and HClO₄ was not successful whenever R¹ was a strongly electron-withdrawing substituent. But in those cases R¹ stabilized the corresponding enamines III, which could be obtained very easily. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Safety of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Safety of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Discovery and Development of a New Class of Potent, Selective, Orally Active Oxytocin Receptor Antagonists was written by Quattropani, Anna;Dorbais, Jerome;Covini, David;Pittet, Pierre-Andre;Colovray, Veronique;Thomas, Russell J.;Coxhead, Richard;Halazy, Serge;Scheer, Alexander;Missotten, Marc;Ayala, Guidon;Bradshaw, Charles;De Raemy-Schenk, Anne-Marie;Nichols, Anthony;Cirillo, Rocco;Tos, Enrico Gillio;Giachetti, Claudio;Golzio, Lucia;Marinelli, Paolo;Church, Dennis J.;Barberis, Claude;Chollet, Andre;Schwarz, Matthias K.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2005.Electric Literature of C10H13ClO3S This article mentions the following:

We report a novel chem. class of potent oxytocin receptor antagonists showing a high degree of selectivity against the closely related vasopressin receptors (V1a, V1b, V2). An initial compound, 7, was shown to be active in an animal model of preterm labor when administered by the i.v. but not by the oral route. Stepwise SAR investigations around the different structural elements revealed one position, the arenesulfonyl moiety, to be amenable to structural changes. Consequently, this position was used to introduce a variety of substituents to improve the physicochem. properties. Some of the resulting analogs were found to be superior to 7 both in terms of potency in vitro and aqueous solubility, which translated into significantly improved efficacy in the animal model after i.v. and oral administration. The best compound, 73, potently inhibited oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in nonpregnant rats and reduced spontaneous uterine contractions in late-term pregnant rats. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3Electric Literature of C10H13ClO3S).

4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Electric Literature of C10H13ClO3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Integrating Hydrogen Production and Transfer Hydrogenation with Selenite Promoted Electrooxidation of 伪-Nitrotoluenes to E-Nitroethenes was written by Chong, Xiaodan;Liu, Cuibo;Wang, Changhong;Yang, Rong;Zhang, Bin. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021.COA of Formula: C11H14ClNO2 This article mentions the following:

Developing an electrochem. carbon-added reaction with accelerated kinetics to replace the low-value and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is markedly significant to pure hydrogen production Regulating the critical steps to precisely design electrode materials to selectively synthesize targeted compounds is highly desirable. Here, inspired by the surfaced adsorbed SeO_x^2- promoting OER, NiSe is demonstrated to be an efficient anode enabling 伪-nitrotoluene electrooxidation to E-nitroethene with up to 99 % E selectivity, 89 % Faradaic efficiency, and the reaction rate of 0.25 mmol cm-2 h-1 via inhibiting side reactions for energy-saving hydrogen generation. The high performance can be associated with its in situ formed NiOOH surface layer and absorbed SeO_x^2- via Se leaching-oxidation during electrooxidation, and the preferential adsorption of two -NO2 groups of intermediate on NiOOH. A self-coupling of 伪-carbon radicals and subsequent elimination of a nitrite mol. pathway is proposed. Wide substrate scope, scale-up synthesis of E-nitroethene, and paired productions of E-nitroethene and hydrogen or N-protected aminoarenes over a bifunctional NiSe electrode highlight the promising potential. Gold also displays a similar promoting effect for 伪-nitrotoluene transformation like SeO_x^2-, rationalizing the strategy of designing materials to suppress side reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6COA of Formula: C11H14ClNO2).

tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).COA of Formula: C11H14ClNO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In vitro inhibition effect and structure-activity relationships of some saccharin derivatives on erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I and II was written by Sonmez, Fatih;Bilen, Cigdem;Sumersan, Sinem;Gencer, Nahit;Isik, Semra;Arslan, Oktay;Kucukislamoglu, Mustafa. And the article was included in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.HPLC of Formula: 6590-96-1 This article mentions the following:

In this study, in vitro inhibitory effects of some saccharin derivatives on purified carbonic anhydrase I and II were investigated using CO₂ as a substrate. The results showed that all compounds inhibited the hCA I and hCA II enzyme activities. Among the compounds, 6-(p-tolylthiourenyl) saccharin (6m) was found to be the most active one for hCA I activity (IC₅₀ = 13.67 渭M) and 6-(m-methoxyphenylurenyl) saccharin (6b) was found to be the most active one for hCA II activity (IC₅₀ = 6.54 渭M). Structure-activity relationships (SARs) study showed that, generally, thiourea derivatives (6l-v) inhibited more hCA I and hCA II than urea derivatives (6a-k). All compounds (excluding 6c and 6r) have higher inhibitory activity on hCA II than on hCA I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1HPLC of Formula: 6590-96-1).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.HPLC of Formula: 6590-96-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of isothiocyanates by reaction of amines with phenyl chlorothionoformate via one-pot or two-step process was written by Li, Zheng-Yi;Ma, Hong-Zhao;Han, Chen;Xi, Hai-Tao;Meng, Qi;Chen, Xin;Sun, Xiao-Qiang. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2013.Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS This article mentions the following:

A facile and efficient synthesis of isothiocyanates from amines is described. This method involves the reaction of amines with Ph chlorothionoformate in the presence of solid NaOH by either a one-pot process or a two-step approach. The one-pot process is useful for preparing alkyl and electron-rich aryl isothiocyanates, whereas the two-step approach is more versatile, working very well not only for alkyl and electron-rich aryl isothiocyanates, but also for highly electron-deficient aryl and heterocyclic isothiocyanates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kinetics and mechanism of phosphotungstic acid catalyzed oxidation of citric acid by N-chlorosaccharin was written by Singh, Sanjay K.;Gujral, Harjeet;Kaur, Raman Deep;Arora, Monika;Kaur, Gurpreet;Gupta, H. D.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences in 2012.Product Details of 14070-51-0 This article mentions the following:

The kinetics of oxidation of citric acid (CA) with N-chlorosaccharin (NCSA) in the presence of phosphotungstic acid (PTA) was measured at 293, 298, 303 and 308 K. The order with respect to NCSA is unity while with CA and PTA was fractional. The effects of temperature, composition of solvent medium and concentration of added mineral acid on the rate of reaction were also studied. The mechanism for the catalyzed oxidation probably proceeds through the formation of a ternary complex between PTA, CA and NCSA which is being decomposed and gives product in slow rate-determining step. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0Product Details of 14070-51-0).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Product Details of 14070-51-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics