Tag: 100-200

Priority Separation of Phenols with Deep Eutectic Solvents from an Acetonitrile-Extractable Portion of a Shale Oil: Experimental and Computational was written by Yan, Wei-Wei;Wei, Xian-Yong;Li, Jun;Wang, Meng-Xiao;Bai, Hong-Cun;Zong, Zhi-Min. And the article was included in Energy & Fuels in 2022.Related Products of 75-57-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Several liquid deep eutectic solvents (DESs) at room temperature were screened and used to extract phenols from an acetonitrile-extractable portion (ANEP) of the oil from oil shale pyrolysis. Among choline chloride (CC)/ethylene glycol (EG) with lowest viscosity and neutral oil entrainment (molar ratio = 1:3) was selected as an optimal DES for isolating phenols from ANEP. As a result, the CC/EG-extractable portion contains 56.7% of oxygen-containing aromatics, among which phenols account for 75.1% by magnetically stirring the isometric mass mixture of ANEP and the CC/EG at room temperature and 500 rpm for 0.5 h. Intermol. interaction energy and type between different DESs and solutes were calculated by mol. dynamics simulation, independent gradient model anal., energy decomposition anal. based on the force field, and electrostatic potential anal. to uncover the mechanism for the priority separation of phenols. The result shows that the DES that contains polar HBD with lower viscosity and carbon number and asym. HBA with shorter alkyl chains, e.g., CC/EG, could strongly interact with phenols by the strong hydrogen bond, X-H···π and/or cation/anion···π compared to other aromatics This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Related Products of 75-57-0).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Related Products of 75-57-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Iron-Catalyzed C(sp²)-H Alkylation of Indolines and Benzo[h]quinoline with Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides through Chelation Assistance was written by Jagtap, Rahul A.;Samal, Pragnya Paramita;Vinod, C. P.;Krishnamurty, Sailaja;Punji, Benudhar. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Regioselective C-H bond alkylation of indolines and benzo[h]quinoline with a wide range of unactivated and highly demanded primary and secondary alkyl chlorides is accomplished using a low-cost iron catalyst. This reaction tolerates diverse functionalities, such as C(sp²)-Cl, fluoro, alkenyl, silyl, ether, thioether, pyrrolyl, and carbazolyl groups including cyclic and acyclic alkyls as well as alkyl-bearing fatty-alc. and polycyclic-steroid moieties. The demonstrated iron-catalyzed protocol proceeded via either a five-membered or a six-membered metallacycle. Intriguingly, the C-7-alkylated indolines can be readily functionalized into free-NH indolines/indoles and tryptamine derivatives A detailed mechanistic investigation highlights the participation of an active Fe(I) catalyst and the involvement of a halogen-atom transfer process via a single-electron-based mechanism. Deuterium labeling and kinetics anal. indicate that the C-H metalation of indoline is the probable turnover-limiting step. Overall, the exptl. and theor. studies supported an Fe(I)/Fe(III) pathway for the alkylation reaction comprising the two-step, one-electron oxidative addition of alkyl chloride. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3Application In Synthesis of 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane).

1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Improved Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Microwave-Assisted Reactions was written by Morais, Eduarda S.;Freire, Mara G.;Freire, Carmen S. R.;Silvestre, Armando J. D.. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Tetramethylammonium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a key platform chem., essential for the production of other chems., as well as fuels. Despite its importance, the production methods applied so far still lack in sustainability. In this work, acidic deep eutectic solvents (DES), acting both as solvent and catalyst, were studied for the conversion of fructose into 5-HMF using microwave-assisted reactions. These solvents were screened and optimized by varying the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). The bio-based solvent γ-valerolactone (GVL) was also applied as additive, leading to a boost in 5-HMF yield. Then, a response surface methodol. was applied to further optimize operating conditions, such as reaction time, temperature and weight% of added GVL. The highest 5-HMF yield attained, after optimization, was 82.4% at 130°C, in 4 min of reaction time and with the addition of 10 weight% of GVL. Moreover, a process for 5-HMF recovery and DES reuse was developed through the use of the bio-based solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-Me-THF), allowing at least three cycles of 5-HMF production with minimal yield losses, while maintaining the purity of the isolated 5-HMF and the efficacy of the reaction media. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Application In Synthesis of Tetramethylammonium chloride).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Application In Synthesis of Tetramethylammonium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Dual Functional Electroactive and Fluorescent Probe for Coupled Measurements of Vesicular Exocytosis with High Spatial and Temporal Resolution was written by Liu, Xiaoqing;Savy, Alexandra;Maurin, Sylvie;Grimaud, Laurence;Darchen, Francois;Quinton, Damien;Labbe, Eric;Buriez, Olivier;Delacotte, Jerome;Lemaitre, Frederic;Guille-Collignon, Manon. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2017.Safety of 4-Chlororesorcinol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this work, Fluorescent False Neurotransmitter 102 (FFN102), a synthesized analog of biogenic neurotransmitters, was demonstrated to show both pH-dependent fluorescence and electroactivity. To study secretory behaviors at the single-vesicle level, FFN102 was employed as a new fluorescent/electroactive dual probe in a coupled technique (amperometry and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM)). We used N13 cells, a stable clone of BON cells, to specifically accumulate FFN102 into their secretory vesicles, and then optical and electrochem. measurements of vesicular exocytosis were exptl. achieved by using indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes. Upon stimulation, FFN102 started to diffuse out from the acidic intravesicular microenvironment to the neutral extracellular space, leading to fluorescent emissions and to the electrochem. oxidation signals that were simultaneously collected from the ITO electrode surface. The correlation of fluorescence and amperometric signals resulting from the FFN102 probe allows real-time monitoring of single exocytotic events with both high spatial and temporal resolution This work opens new possibilities in the investigation of exocytotic mechanisms. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Safety of 4-Chlororesorcinol).

4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Safety of 4-Chlororesorcinol

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Facilely prepared Cl-doped graphene as an efficient anode for the electrochemical catalytic degradation of acetaminophen was written by Zhang, Qian;Wang, Bingxin;Hong, Jun-Ming. And the article was included in Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in 2021.Application of 95-88-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The application of electrochem. catalytic oxidation in wastewater treatment with powerful Cl doped graphene as an anode has been discussed as a novel approach to degrade acetaminophen effectively. The application of electrochem. catalytic oxidation in wastewater treatment with powerful Cl doped graphene as an anode has been discussed as a novel approach to degrade acetaminophen effectively. The characteristics of Cl-doped graphene that were related to Cl loading content and microscopic morphol. were analyzed by using several instruments, and the defects created by Cl doping were identified. Quenching experiments and ESR detection were proposed to clarify the mechanism underlying the production of active free radicals by Cl doped graphene. The degradation results indicated that efficiency increased with the percentage of Cl atoms doped into the graphene. The best degradation efficiency of acetaminophen could reach 98% when Cl-GN-12 was used. In the process of electrocatalytic oxidation, Oâ€?sup>-₂, and active chlorine, as the main active species, persistently attacked acetaminophen into open-ring intermediates, such as 4-chlororesorcinol, and finally into CO₂ and H₂O. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Application of 95-88-5).

4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Application of 95-88-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Noninvasive ratiometric fluorescence imaging of γ-glutamyltransferase activity using an activatable probe was written by Huang, Zheng;An, Ruibing;Wei, Shixuan;Wang, Jinfang;Ye, Deju. And the article was included in Analyst (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2021.Formula: C6H5ClO2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is an important aminopeptidase overexpressed in many malignant tumors, and accurate detection of its activity is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Herein, we report a GGT-activatable ratiometric fluorescent probe (1) constructed by covalently linking an ‘always-on’ BODIPY fluorophore with a GGT-activatable near-IR (NIR) fluorescent substrate. Upon interaction with GGT, the NIR fluorescence at 735 nm in probe 1 is significantly enhanced, while the fluorescence of BODIPY at 517 nm remains unchanged. Using BODIPY fluorescence as an internal standard, significantly enhanced ratiometric fluorescence between 735 nm and 517 nm could be achieved, allowing accurate detection of the activity of GGT in living subjects independent of probe concentration We demonstrate that probe 1 is feasible for the evaluation of GGT levels in different tumor cells and differentiation of GGT-pos. tumor cells from GGT-neg. normal tissue cells. Moreover, probe 1 is further applied for the visualization of tumor via noninvasive ratiometric fluorescence imaging of GGT activity, which could facilitate the detection of GGT-pos. tumor tissues and study of GGT-related pathol. processes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Formula: C6H5ClO2).

4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Formula: C6H5ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of link chain length on oxidation of cyclohexylbenzene catalyzed by immobilized N-hydroxyphthalimide on crosslinked polystyrene was written by Sun, Tingting;Shan, Yuhua;Wang, Jiyuan;Chen, Shaohui;Huang, Chao. And the article was included in Shiyou Xuebao, Shiyou Jiagong in 2020.Quality Control of 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane The following contents are mentioned in the article:

To solve the drawbacks of difficult recovery and reuse of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), the crosslinked polystyrene (CPS) immobilized NHPI (CPS-NHPI-C_n) catalysts with different link chain lengths were prepared by chem. immobilization of NHPI on the surface of CPS microsphere using different chain lengths of halogenated hydrocarbons as alkylation agents. The synthesized CPS-NHPI-C_n catalysts were characterized by XPS, FT-IR, BET and SEM, and evaluated by cyclohexylbenzene oxidation The effects of link chain length (C₁-C₉) in CPS-NHPI-C_n and reaction conditions on the catalytic performance were investigated. Results indicate that the link chain length affects the catalytic performance of CPS-NHPI-C_n obviously, and the catalytic activity increases with the link chain number from 1 to 6. Using CPS-NHP-C₆ as catalyst, at 95°C and 1 MPa O₂ partial pressure for 8 h, the cyclohexylbenzene conversion is 28.4%, with the selectivity of cyclohexanone and phenol is 90.7% and 87.6%, resp. After the CPS-NHP-C₆ catalyst has been reused for 10 times, the catalytic performance is still as high as that of fresh one. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3Quality Control of 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane).

1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Quality Control of 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Activatable Near-Infrared Probe for Fluorescence Imaging of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Tumor Cells and In Vivo was written by Luo, Zhiliang;Feng, Liandong;An, Ruibing;Duan, Guanfu;Yan, Runqi;Shi, Hua;He, Jian;Zhou, Zhengyang;Ji, Changge;Chen, Hong-Yuan;Ye, Deju. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2017.Safety of 4-Chlororesorcinol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a cell-membrane-bound enzyme that is involved in various physiol. and pathol. processes and is regarded as a potential biomarker for many malignant tumors, precise detection of which is useful for early cancer diagnosis. Herein, a new GGT-activatable near-IR (NIR) fluorescence imaging probe (GANP) by linking of a GGT-recognitive substrate γ-glutamate (γ-Glu) and a NIR merocyanine fluorophore (mCy-Cl) with a self-immolative linker p-aminobenzyl alc. (PABA) is reported. GANP was stable under physiol. conditions, but could be efficiently activated by GGT to generate â‰?00-fold enhanced fluorescence, enabling high sensitivity (detection limit of â‰?.6 mU L^-1) and specificity for the real-time imaging of GGT activity as well as rapid evaluation of the inhibition efficacy of GGT inhibitors in living tumor cells. Notably, the deep tissue penetration ability of NIR fluorescence could further allow GANP to image GGT in frozen tumor tissue slices with large penetration depth (>100 μm) and in xenograft tumors in living mice. This GGT activatable NIR fluorescence imaging probe could facilitate the study and diagnosis of other GGT-correlated diseases in vivo. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Safety of 4-Chlororesorcinol).

4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Safety of 4-Chlororesorcinol

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Amino Acids Bearing Aromatic or Heteroaromatic Substituents as a New Class of Ligands for the Lysosomal Sialic Acid Transporter Sialin was written by Dubois, Lilian;Pietrancosta, Nicolas;Cabaye, Alexandre;Fanget, Isabelle;Debacker, Cecile;Gilormini, Pierre-Andre;Dansette, Patrick M.;Dairou, Julien;Biot, Christophe;Froissart, Roseline;Goupil-Lamy, Anne;Bertrand, Hugues-Olivier;Acher, Francine C.;McCort-Tranchepain, Isabelle;Gasnier, Bruno;Anne, Christine. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Application of 638-07-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Sialin, encoded by the SLC17A5 gene, is a lysosomal sialic acid transporter defective in Salla disease, a rare inherited leukodystrophy. It also enables metabolic incorporation of exogenous sialic acids, leading to autoantibodies against N-glycolylneuraminic acid in humans. Here, we identified a novel class of human sialin ligands by virtual screening and structure-activity relationship studies. The ligand scaffold is characterized by an amino acid backbone with a free carboxylate, an N-linked aromatic or heteroaromatic substituent, and a hydrophobic side chain. The most potent compound, 45 (LSP12-3129), inhibited N-acetylneuraminic acid 1 (Neu5Ac) transport in a non-competitive manner with IC₅₀ â‰?2.5μM, a value 400-fold lower than the K_M for Neu5Ac. In vitro and mol. docking studies attributed the non-competitive character to selective inhibitor binding to the Neu5Ac site in a cytosol-facing conformation. Moreover, compound 45 rescued the trafficking defect of the pathogenic mutant (R39C) causing Salla disease. This new class of cell-permeant inhibitors provides tools to investigate the physiol. roles of sialin and help develop pharmacol. chaperones for Salla disease. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3Application of 638-07-3).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Application of 638-07-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Amino Acids Bearing Aromatic or Heteroaromatic Substituents as a New Class of Ligands for the Lysosomal Sialic Acid Transporter Sialin was written by Dubois, Lilian;Pietrancosta, Nicolas;Cabaye, Alexandre;Fanget, Isabelle;Debacker, Cecile;Gilormini, Pierre-Andre;Dansette, Patrick M.;Dairou, Julien;Biot, Christophe;Froissart, Roseline;Goupil-Lamy, Anne;Bertrand, Hugues-Olivier;Acher, Francine C.;McCort-Tranchepain, Isabelle;Gasnier, Bruno;Anne, Christine. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Synthetic Route of C6H5ClO2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Sialin, encoded by the SLC17A5 gene, is a lysosomal sialic acid transporter defective in Salla disease, a rare inherited leukodystrophy. It also enables metabolic incorporation of exogenous sialic acids, leading to autoantibodies against N-glycolylneuraminic acid in humans. Here, we identified a novel class of human sialin ligands by virtual screening and structure-activity relationship studies. The ligand scaffold is characterized by an amino acid backbone with a free carboxylate, an N-linked aromatic or heteroaromatic substituent, and a hydrophobic side chain. The most potent compound, 45 (LSP12-3129), inhibited N-acetylneuraminic acid 1 (Neu5Ac) transport in a non-competitive manner with IC₅₀ â‰?2.5μM, a value 400-fold lower than the K_M for Neu5Ac. In vitro and mol. docking studies attributed the non-competitive character to selective inhibitor binding to the Neu5Ac site in a cytosol-facing conformation. Moreover, compound 45 rescued the trafficking defect of the pathogenic mutant (R39C) causing Salla disease. This new class of cell-permeant inhibitors provides tools to investigate the physiol. roles of sialin and help develop pharmacol. chaperones for Salla disease. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Synthetic Route of C6H5ClO2).

4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Synthetic Route of C6H5ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics