Tag: 100-200

Structural basis for potent inhibition of D-amino acid oxidase by thiophene carboxylic acids was written by Kato, Yusuke;Hin, Niyada;Maita, Nobuo;Thomas, Ajit G.;Kurosawa, Sumire;Rojas, Camilo;Yorita, Kazuko;Slusher, Barbara S.;Fukui, Kiyoshi;Tsukamoto, Takashi. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Safety of 2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid This article mentions the following:

A series of thiophene-2-carboxylic acids and thiophene-3-carboxylic acids were identified as a new class of DAO inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that small substituents are well-tolerated on the thiophene ring of both the 2-carboxylic acid and 3-carboxylic acid scaffolds. Crystal structures of human DAO in complex with potent thiophene carboxylic acids revealed that Tyr224 was tightly stacked with the thiophene ring of the inhibitors, resulting in the disappearance of the secondary pocket observed with other DAO inhibitors. Mol. dynamics simulations of the complex revealed that Tyr224 preferred the stacked conformation irresp. of whether Tyr224 was stacked or not in the initial state of the simulations. MM/GBSA indicated a substantial hydrophobic interaction between Tyr244 and the thiophene-based inhibitor. In addition, the active site was tightly closed with an extensive network of hydrogen bonds including those from Tyr224 in the stacked conformation. The introduction of a large branched side chain to the thiophene ring markedly decreased potency. These results are in marked contrast to other DAO inhibitors that can gain potency with a branched side chain extending to the secondary pocket due to Tyr224 repositioning. These insights should be of particular importance in future efforts to optimize DAO inhibitors with novel scaffolds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 36157-41-2Safety of 2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid).

2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 36157-41-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Safety of 2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photocatalytic activation of N-chloro compounds for the chlorination of arenes was written by Hering, Thea;Koenig, Burkhard. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2016.SDS of cas: 698-01-1 This article mentions the following:

Photoredox catalysis activates N-chloramines and N-chloro-succinimide (NCS) for the electrophilic chlorination of arenes. The photooxidation of the nitrogen atom to a radical cation induces a pos. polarization on the chlorine atom, which results in a higher reactivity in electrophilic aromatic chlorination reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1SDS of cas: 698-01-1).

2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.SDS of cas: 698-01-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and herbicidal activity of saflufenacil was written by Gao, Yong-chao;Chen, Ying-han;Zhou, Ding;Li, Lin. And the article was included in Nongyao in 2012.Formula: C8H6ClFO2 This article mentions the following:

Saflufenacil is a new kind of herbicide with excellent herbicidal activity. The aim is to study its synthesis, anal. method and evaluate herbicidal activity. Me 5-amino-2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoate (5) was produced from 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoic acid by esterification, nitration and reduction, then reacted with triphosgene to give Me 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-isocyanatobenzoate (6), 6 was cyclized with Et 3-amino-4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-enoate, then methylated, followed by hydrolysis to obtain 2-chloro-5-(2, 6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-l (6H)-yl)-4-fluorobenzoic acid (10), which was reacted with N-methyl-N-iso-Pr sulfamide to give target compound Overall yield was 6.26%. The chem. structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, IR and MS. Purity was 99.8% by HPLC anal. The herbicidal activities of the target compound and purchased saflufenacil were compared. And the same results were obtained. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 85953-29-3Formula: C8H6ClFO2).

Methyl 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 85953-29-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Formula: C8H6ClFO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Antibacterial activities against Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae of 6-chloro-4-(4-substituted piperazinyl)quinazoline derivatives was written by Shao, Wu-Bin;Zheng, Yu-Tao;Liu, Jia-Min;Fu, Yi-Hong;Qi, Pu-Ying;Zhou, Xiang;Wu, Zhi-Bing;Wang, Pei-Yi;Yang, Song. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2020.COA of Formula: C8H9Cl This article mentions the following:

In this letter, a variety of simple 6-chloro-4-(4-substituted piperazinyl)quinazoline derivatives was prepared Preliminary bioassays revealed that these compounds showed good antibacterial activities toward phytopathogens Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Among these derivatives, compounds I [X = 2-MeC₆H₄CO, 3-NO₂C₆H₄CO, 4-FC₆H₄CO, 4-ClC₆H₄CO, 3,4-F₂C₆H₃CO, 3-NO₂-4-ClC₆H₃CO, 3-MeC₆H₄CH₂, 4-ClC₆H₄CH₂] exhibited potent inhibition effects against R. solanacearum with EC₅₀ within 4.60-9.94μg/mL, especially, compound I [X = 4-BrC₆H₄CO]5g exerted the strongest activity with EC₅₀ of 2.72μg/mL; compound I [X = 3-MeC₆H₄CH₂] possessed the best inhibitory activity toward Xoo with EC₅₀ of 8.46μg/mL. Subsequently, a good predictive three-dimensional quant. structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model was constructed via CoMFA to direct the future structural modification and optimization. Furthermore, the pathogens’ topol. studies were performed to explore the possible antibacterial mechanism. Given their simple frameworks and facile synthesis, title compounds can serve as the potential antibacterial leads. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9COA of Formula: C8H9Cl).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).COA of Formula: C8H9Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Derivatives of 1-(2-(Piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole: Synthesis, Characterization, Determining of Electronic Properties and Cytotoxicity Studies was written by Akkoc, Senem. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2019.Quality Control of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

A series of 1-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives I•X (R = CH₂CH₂OH, 2-MeC₆H₄CH₂, 1-naphthalenylmethyl, etc.; X = Br, Cl) were synthesized and fully characterized. The geometry optimization was carried out using the d. functional theory (DFT) method and the electronic properties of compounds I (R = CH₂CH₂OH; X = Br) and I (R = 2-MeC₆H₄CH₂; X = Cl) hydrochloride salts were calculated Furthermore, all the compounds were evaluated for their potential anticancer activity towards different human cell lines. While I (R = 1-naphthalenylmethyl; X = Cl) demonstrated important cytotoxic activity against human colorectal adenocarcinoma epithelial colon cell line (DLD-1) with an IC₅₀ value of 15.56 +/- 4.01 μM, compound I (R = 4-MeC₆H₄CH₂; X = Cl) hydrochloride showed the most anticancer activity towards human liver epithelial hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) with IC₅₀ value of 15.16 μM. Moreover, microscopic examination of cells was done using Leica inverted microscopy and Olympus confocal microscope. Confocal images of DLD-1 and human normal epithelial virus transformed cell line (Beas-2B), which were treated with 20 μM of compounds, indicated that compounds I (R = 4-MeC₆H₄CH₂; X = Cl) hydrochloride and I (R = 1-naphthalenylmethyl; X = Cl) had more cytotoxic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Quality Control of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Quality Control of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Substituent effects of N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides on positive allosteric modulation of the metabotropic glutamate-5 receptor in rat cortical astrocytes was written by De Paulis, Tomas;Hemstapat, Kamondanai;Chen, Yelin;Zhang, Yongqin;Saleh, Samir;Alagille, David;Baldwin, Ronald M.;Tamagnan, Gilles D.;Conn, P. Jeffrey. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2006.Reference of 1711-11-1 This article mentions the following:

CDPPB [3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide] was recently described as the first centrally active, pos. allosteric modulator of rat and human metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) mGluR₅ subtype. We explored the structural requirements for potentiation of glutamate-induced calcium release in naturally expressed mGluR₅ in cultured rat astrocytes and increasing affinity for the allosteric antagonist binding site by evaluating 50 analogs of CDPPB. In the fluorometric calcium assay, CDPPB exhibited an EC₅₀ value of 77 ± 15 nM in potentiating mGluR₅-mediated responses in cortical astrocytes and a K_i value of 3760 ± 430 nM in displacing [³H]methoxyPEPy binding in membranes of cultured HEK-293 cells expressing rat mGluR₅. The structure-activity relationships showed that electroneg. aromatic substituents in the para-position of the benzamide moiety of CDPPB increase potency. Both binding and functional activities were further increased with a halogen atom in the ortho-position of the 1-Ph ring. These effects of substitution do not match those of either aromatic ring of MPEP [2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine] for the antagonist allosteric binding site. Combination of the optimal substituents and aromatic positions resulted in 4-nitro-N-(1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (VU-1545) showing K_i = 156 ± 29 nM and EC₅₀ = 9.6 ± 1.9 nM in the binding and functional assays, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1Reference of 1711-11-1).

3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Reference of 1711-11-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

1,1,2-Triphenylbut-1-enes: relationship between structure, estradiol receptor affinity, and mammary tumor inhibiting properties was written by Schneider, Martin R.;Von Angerer, Erwin;Schoenenberger, Helmut;Michel, Ralf T.;Fortmeyer, H. P.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1982.Synthetic Route of C9H9ClO2 This article mentions the following:

A structure-activity study was carried out on the title compounds I (R, R¹, and R² = H or OCOMe) with regard to estradiol  [50-28-2] receptor affinity and to inhibiting effects on the growth of a postmenopausal human mammary carcinoma implanted in nude mice. The para-substituted compounds generally exhibited a higher receptor affinity and a better antitumor activity than the corresponding meta-substituted ones. The E isomers were superior to the resp. Z isomers in those 2 properties. The tumor-inhibiting effect of the mono- and disubstituted compounds was better than that of the trisubstituted ones. Except for the trisubstituted compounds, they all showed a good correlation between estradiol receptor affinity and antitumor activity. One of the compounds was also tested on the 9,10-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced, hormone-dependent mammary carcinoma of the Sprague-Dawley rat and the results corresponded to those obtained in the xenograft tumor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0Synthetic Route of C9H9ClO2).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Synthetic Route of C9H9ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

UV irradiation-initiated substitution reaction in isomeric N,N-dimethyl-p-chloroanilines in the presence of oxidizing agents was written by Kul’bitskaya, O. V.;Frolov, A. N.;El’tsov, A. V.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii in 1979.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The sensitized photolysis of 4-ClC₆H₄NMe₂ with NaNO₂ gave mainly I and only 1-2% 4-O₂NC₆H₄NMe₂ (II); direct irradiation gave no I and up to 60% II. Irradiation of 2- or 3-ClC₆H₄NMe₂ gave isomers of I having the NO₂ group para to the NMe₂ group. The role of cation radicals in these reactions was discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Electrophilic probes for deciphering substrate recognition by O-GlcNAc transferase was written by Hu, Chia-Wei;Worth, Matthew;Fan, Dacheng;Li, Baobin;Li, Hao;Lu, Lei;Zhong, Xiaofang;Lin, Ziqing;Wei, Liming;Ge, Ying;Li, Lingjun;Jiang, Jiaoyang. And the article was included in Nature Chemical Biology in 2017.Recommanded Product: 26340-58-9 This article mentions the following:

O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential human glycosyltransferase that adds O-GlcNAc modifications to numerous proteins. However, little is known about the mechanism with which OGT recognizes various protein substrates. Here we report on GlcNAc electrophilic probes (GEPs) to expedite the characterization of OGT-substrate recognition. Data from mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallization, and biochem. and radiolabeled kinetic assays support the application of GEPs to rapidly report the impacts of OGT mutations on protein substrate or sugar binding and to discover OGT residues crucial for protein recognition. Interestingly, we found that the same residues on the inner surface of the N-terminal domain contribute to OGT interactions with different protein substrates. By tuning reaction conditions, a GEP enables crosslinking of OGT with acceptor substrates in situ, affording a unique method to discover genuine substrates that weakly or transiently interact with OGT. Hence, GEPs provide new strategies to dissect OGT-substrate binding and recognition. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-Chlorobut-2-enoic acid (cas: 26340-58-9Recommanded Product: 26340-58-9).

(E)-4-Chlorobut-2-enoic acid (cas: 26340-58-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Recommanded Product: 26340-58-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photoredox catalysed reductive aminomethylation of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids was written by Wang, Xinhao;Wang, Lin;Zhang, Jingxuan;Liu, Yisong;Xie, Hongqi;Zeng, Jianguo;Cheng, Pi. And the article was included in Natural Product Research.Electric Literature of C8H10ClN This article mentions the following:

Reduction of C = N double bond is the most important phase I metabolism process of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs). Herein, inspired by the NADPH mediated reduction in QBAs, a visible-light promoted reductive aminomethylation of QBAs for synthesis of 6-substituted benzophenanthridines using QBAs and N,N-dimethylaniline as coupling partners is reported. An α-amino radical that derived from QBAs is supposed to be the key intermediate in this visible-light promoted reductive aminomethylation reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1Electric Literature of C8H10ClN).

2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Electric Literature of C8H10ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics