Tag: 100-200

Discovery of 3-Cyano-N-(3-(1-isobutyrylpiperidin-4-yl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)benzamide: A Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor C2 Inverse Agonist was written by Schnute, Mark E.;Wennerstal, Mattias;Alley, Jennifer;Bengtsson, Martin;Blinn, James R.;Bolten, Charles W.;Braden, Timothy;Bonn, Tomas;Carlsson, Bo;Caspers, Nicole;Chen, Ming;Choi, Chulho;Collis, Leon P.;Crouse, Kimberly;Farnegardh, Mathias;Fennell, Kimberly F.;Fish, Susan;Flick, Andrew C.;Goos-Nilsson, Annika;Gullberg, Hjalmar;Harris, Peter K.;Heasley, Steven E.;Hegen, Martin;Hromockyj, Alexander E.;Hu, Xiao;Husman, Bolette;Janosik, Tomasz;Jones, Peter;Kaila, Neelu;Kallin, Elisabet;Kauppi, Bjorn;Kiefer, James R.;Knafels, John;Koehler, Konrad;Kruger, Lars;Kurumbail, Ravi G.;Kyne, Robert E.;Li, Wei;Lofstedt, Joakim;Long, Scott A.;Menard, Carol A.;Mente, Scot;Messing, Dean;Meyers, Marvin J.;Napierata, Lee;Noteberg, Daniel;Nuhant, Philippe;Pelc, Matthew J.;Prinsen, Michael J.;Rhonnstad, Patrik;Backstrom-Rydin, Eva;Sandberg, Johnny;Sandstrom, Maria;Shah, Falgun;Sjoberg, Maria;Sundell, Aron;Taylor, Alexandria P.;Thorarensen, Atli;Trujillo, John I.;Trzupek, John D.;Unwalla, Ray;Vajdos, Felix F.;Weinberg, Robin A.;Wood, David C.;Xing, Li;Zamaratski, Edouard;Zapf, Christoph W.;Zhao, Yajuan;Wilhelmsson, Anna;Berstein, Gabriel. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Product Details of 1711-11-1 This article mentions the following:

The nuclear hormone receptor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan C2 (RORC2, also known as RORγt) is a promising target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. A small mol., inverse agonist of the receptor is anticipated to reduce production of IL-17, a key proinflammatory cytokine. Through a high-throughput screening approach, authors identified a mol. displaying promising binding affinity for RORC2, inhibition of IL-17 production in Th17 cells, and selectivity against the related RORA and RORB receptor isoforms. Lead optimization to improve the potency and metabolic stability of this hit focused on two key design strategies, namely, iterative optimization driven by increasing lipophilic efficiency and structure-guided conformational restriction to achieve optimal ground state energetics and maximize receptor residence time. This approach successfully identified 3-cyano-N-(3-(1-isobutyrylpiperidin-4-yl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)benzamide as a potent and selective RORC2 inverse agonist, demonstrating good metabolic stability, oral bioavailability, and the ability to reduce IL-17 levels and skin inflammation in a preclin. in vivo animal model upon oral administration. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1Product Details of 1711-11-1).

3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Product Details of 1711-11-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lead optimization generates selenium-containing miconazole CYP51 inhibitors with improved pharmacological profile for the treatment of fungal infections was written by Xu, Hang;Yan, Zhong-zuo;Guo, Meng-bi;An, Ran;Wang, Xin;Zhang, Rui;Mou, Yan-hua;Hou, Zhuang;Guo, Chun. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.COA of Formula: C8H9Cl This article mentions the following:

A series of selenium-containing miconazoles. compounds I, II [R = H, 3-F, 2-Me, etc. ; X= F, Cl], III [R = H, 3-F, 2-Me, etc.; X= F, C] were identified as potent antifungal drugs in our previous study. Representative compound I (MIC = 0.01μg/mL against C.alb. 5314) proved efficacious in inhibiting the growth of fungal pathogens. However, further study showed lead compound I exhibited potential hemolysis, significant cytotoxic effect and unfavorable metabolic stability and was therefore modified to overcome these drawbacks. In this article, the further optimization of selenium-containing miconazole derivatives resulted in the discovery of similarly potent compound II [R = 4-F ; X= F] (MIC = 0.02μg/mL against C.alb. 5314), exhibiting a superior pharmacol. profile with decreased rate of metabolism, cytotoxic effect and hemolysis. Furthermore, compound II [R = 4-F ; X= F] showed fungicidal activity against Candida albicans and significant effects on the treatment of resistant Candida albicans infections. Meanwhile, compound II [R = 4-F ; X= F] not only could reduce the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway by inhibiting CYP51, but also inhibited biofilm formation. More importantly, compound II [R = 4-F ; X= F] also shows promising in vivo efficacy after i.p. injection and the PK study of compound II [R = 4-F ; X= F] was evaluated. In addition, mol. docking studies provide a model for the interaction between the compound II [R = 4-F ; X= F] and the CYP51 protein. Overall, it was believed that these selenium-containing miconazole compounds can be further developed for the potential treatment of fungal infections. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9COA of Formula: C8H9Cl).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.COA of Formula: C8H9Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of androgen-antagonistic coumarinamides with a unique aromatic folded pharmacophore was written by Koga, Hitomi;Negishi, Mai;Kinoshita, Marie;Fujii, Shinya;Mori, Shuichi;Ishigami-Yuasa, Mari;Kawachi, Emiko;Kagechika, Hiroyuki;Tanatani, Aya. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2020.Synthetic Route of C8H4ClNO This article mentions the following:

First-generation nonsteroidal androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, such as flutamide (2a) and bicalutamide (3), are effective for most prostate cancer patients, but resistance often appears after several years due to the mutation of AR. Second-generation AR antagonists are effective against some of these castration-resistant prostate cancers, but their structural variety is still limited. In this study, we designed and synthesized 4-methyl-7-(N-alkyl-arylcarboxamido)coumarins as AR antagonist candidates and evaluated their growth-inhibitory activity toward androgen-dependent SC-3 cells. Coumarinamides with a secondary amide bond did not show inhibitory activity, but their N-methylated derivatives exhibited AR-antagonistic activity. Especially, 19b and 31b were more potent than the lead compound 7b, which was comparable to hydroxyflutamide (2b). Conformational anal. showed that the inactive coumarinamides with a secondary amide bond have an extended structure with a trans-amide bond, while the active N-methylated coumarinamides have a folded structure with a cis-amide bond, in which the two aromatic rings are placed face-to-face. Docking study suggested that this folded structure is important for binding to AR. Selected coumarinamide derivatives showed AR-antagonistic activity toward LNCaP cells with T877A AR, and they had weak progesterone receptor (PR)-antagonistic activity. The folded coumarinamide structure appears to be a unique pharmacophore, different from those of conventional AR antagonists. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1Synthetic Route of C8H4ClNO).

3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Synthetic Route of C8H4ClNO

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2-carboxamides bearing a carboxybenzene group at 5-position: Highly potent, selective, and orally available MMP-13 inhibitors interacting with the S1” binding site was written by Nara, Hiroshi;Sato, Kenjiro;Naito, Takako;Mototani, Hideyuki;Oki, Hideyuki;Yamamoto, Yoshio;Kuno, Haruhiko;Santou, Takashi;Kanzaki, Naoyuki;Terauchi, Jun;Uchikawa, Osamu;Kori, Masakuni. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Application In Synthesis of 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride This article mentions the following:

On the basis of X-ray co-crystal structures of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in complex with its inhibitors, our structure-based drug design (SBDD) strategy was directed to achieving high affinity through optimal protein-ligand interaction with the unique S1” hydrophobic specificity pocket. This report details the optimization of lead compound 44 to highly potent and selective MMP-13 inhibitors based on fused pyrimidine scaffolds represented by the thienopyrimidin-4-one 26c. Furthermore, we have examined the release of collagen fragments from bovine nasal cartilage in response to a combination of IL-1 and oncostatin M. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0Application In Synthesis of 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Application In Synthesis of 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Library Synthesis Using 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridines as Scaffolds was written by Zhou, Ya;Beeler, Aaron B.;Cho, Sanghyun;Wang, Yuehong;Franzblau, Scott G.;Snyder, John K.. And the article was included in Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry in 2008.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The chem. of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridine scaffolds I [R = H, R¹ = Me, R² = Ph, CH₂OPh, n-Bu; R¹ = Ph, R² = 2-Me-4-MeOC₆H₃], synthesized by intramol. cobalt-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cyclizations, has been exploited for library synthesis. Urea, amide, and sulfonamide formations were used in the synthesis of a 101-membered library. Screening of the library for antituberculosis activity revealed three lead compds I [R = (R)-PhCH(Me)NHCO, 4-MeOC₆H₄NHCO, 4-NCC₆H₄SO₂, R¹ = Ph, R² = 2-Me-4-MeOC₆H₃]. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Halogen bonding in drug-like molecules: a computational and systematic study of the substituent effect was written by Adasme-Carreno, Francisco;Munoz-Gutierrez, Camila;Alzate-Morales, Jans H.. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2016.COA of Formula: C8H10ClN This article mentions the following:

Halogen bonding (XB) is a noncovalent interaction that has been increasingly used in mol. recognition, and more recently, in protein-ligand binding. We have studied and quantified, using d. functional theory (DFT) calculations, the substituent effect of fourteen chem. groups in the chloro-, bromo- and iodobenzene···N-methylacetamide (NMA) complexes, which serve as a model of a common arrangement of XB in biol. systems. A total of 126 halobenzene···NMA complexes have been optimized and examined regarding their relative energy, mol. electrostatic potential, topol. anal. of electron d. and charge transfer. The extent of substituent effect was found to be up to 1.5 kcal mol^-1, where electron-withdrawing groups increase the XB strength while electron-donating substituents reduce it. Excellent statistical correlations (R² > 0.9) were obtained for the comparison between XB interaction energy and the computed electronic properties (electron d., mol. electrostatic potential, and NBO charges), suggesting that the substituent effect was mainly due to the electrostatic interaction, and resonance effects were negligible. Furthermore, a pos. cooperativity effect, in the strengthening of the XB, was observed in NMA complexes with di-, tri- and tetrafluoro-iodobenzenes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1COA of Formula: C8H10ClN).

2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.COA of Formula: C8H10ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metal-free oxidative coupling of alkyl chlorides with thiols: An efficient access to sulfoxides was written by Liu, Qian;Zhao, Xiaoqian;Xu, Feng;Li, Gaoqiang. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

An efficient and step-economical access to sulfoxides from thiols and alkyl halides in the presence of I₂O₅ and DBU via direct oxidative coupling was described. It is the first case that combined Williamson sulfide synthesis and subsequent sulfide oxidation into one step manipulation for sulfoxides preparation This protocol features wide substrate scope, mild and metal-free conditons, the use of naturally abundant starting materials and avoidance of over-oxidation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Application In Synthesis of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Application In Synthesis of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The Willgerodt reaction in the heterocyclic series. II. Some compounds of the 2- and 3-thienyl series was written by Blanchette, Joseph A.;Brown, Ellis V.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1951.Recommanded Product: 2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid This article mentions the following:

3-Methylthiophene (55 g.), 95 g. N-bromosuccinimide, and 150 cc. CCl₄ refluxed 5 hrs., filtered, and the solvent removed in vacuo yielded 70 g. 3-methyl-2-bromothiophene (I), b₁₃ 61-3°, b₁₆ 68-70°. Dry CO₂ passed 3 hrs. into the Grignard reagent from 0.64 mole I at -7° and the product decomposed with dilute H₂SO₄ yielded 59 g. 3-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (II), m. 147-8° (from water). II (50 g.) and 200 cc. SOCl₂ refluxed 3 hrs. yielded the acid chloride, which, added in 100 cc. Et₂O to 0.36 mole Me₂Cd in an ice bath and the mixture refluxed 0.5 hr., cooled, and decomposed, yielded 43 g. 3-methyl-2-thienyl Me ketone (III), b₁₄ 98-9°. Amides from S.CR²: CR³.CR⁴:CR⁵ (I); R², R³, I, R⁴, R⁵, Amide, M.p., Yield (%), A, B; Et, Ac, H, Et, 3-acetamide, 116-17°, 52, 40; Ac, H, H, Et, 2-acetamide, 148°, 42, 55; Ac, H, H, Me, 2-acetamide (II), 143-4°, 41, 54; Ac, Me, Me, H, 2-acetamide (III), 152°, 34, 24; Ac, Me, H, H, 2-acetamide (IV), 142°, 27, 29; Me, Me, H, Ac, 5-acetamide (V), 165-6°, 40, 55; H, Ac, H, H, 3-acetamide (VI), 154-5°, 5, 13; AcCH₂, H, H, H, 2-propionamide (VII), 99-100°, 20, 28; CH₂:CH, H, H, H, 2-acetamide (VIII), 147-8°, 25, 30; CO₂H, H, H, H, 2-carboxamide (IX), 179-80°, 63, 70; CH(OH)Me, H, H, H(a), 2-acetamide (X), 147-8°, 22, 35; (a) Semicarbazone m. 193-4° (from 50% alc.-water).; 2,5-Dichloro-3-thienyl Me ketone oxidized with KOCl yielded 75% 2,5-dichloro-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid, which on dehalogenation with 5% Pd-on-C yielded 75% 3-thiophenecarboxylic acid, 30 g. of which by the procedure for III yielded 12 g. 3-thienyl Me ketone, b₂₁ 117°; semicarbazone, m. 173-4° (from 33% alc.-water). 2-Cyanothiophene (6 g.) in 20 cc. cold concentrated H₂SO₄ poured after 15 min. onto ice yielded 4 g. 2-thiophenecarboxamide, m. 179-80°. 2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde (82 g.) in 50 cc. Et₂O added dropwise to 0.73 mole MeMgBr in an ice bath, and the mixture refluxed 0.5 hr., cooled, and poured into ice and dilute H₂SO₄ yielded 79 g. methyl-2-thienylcarbinol, b₅ 80-3°; urethan, m. 85-6° (from petr. ether). Ten g. thiophene derivative, 25 g. S, 25 cc. concentrated NH₄OH, and 30 cc. dioxane heated 11-12 hrs. at 150-60° in a sealed tube and the product evaporated to dryness and extracted with boiling water yielded (Method A) crude amide. The thiophene derivative (5 g.), 25 g. yellow NH₄ polysulfide, 3.5 g. S, and 25 cc. dioxane heated 11-12 hrs. at 150-60° yielded (Method B) crude amides. The amides crystallized from water in white plates or needles. The amides (1-2 g.) refluxed 2-3 hrs. with 70-100 cc. 25% KOH and the solution cooled and acidified with 20% HCl yielded the corresponding acids for which the m.ps. are: II, 54-5°; III, 67-8°; IV, 89-90°; V, 97-8°; VI, 79-80°; VII, 44-5°; VIII, 62-3°; IX, 128°; X, 62-3°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 36157-41-2Recommanded Product: 2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid).

2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 36157-41-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Recommanded Product: 2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, synthesis, antiviral bioactivities and interaction mechanisms of penta-1,4-diene-3-one oxime ether derivatives containing a quinazolin-4(3H)-one scaffold was written by Chen, Lijuan;Wang, Xiaobin;Tang, Xu;Xia, Rongjiao;Guo, Tao;Zhang, Cheng;Li, Xiangyang;Xue, Wei. And the article was included in BMC Chemistry in 2019.Product Details of 620-19-9 This article mentions the following:

penta-1,4-diene-3-one oxime ether and quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives possess favorable agricultural activities. Aiming to discover novel mols. with highly-efficient agricultural activities, a series of penta-1,4-diene-3-one oxime ether derivatives containing a quinazolin-4(3H)-one scaffold were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities. Antiviral bioassays indicated that some title compounds exhibited significant antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). In particular, compounds 8c, 8j and 8k possessed appreciable curative activities against TMV in vivo, with half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 138.5, 132.9 and 125.6 μg/mL, resp., which are better than that of ningnanmycin (207.3 μg/mL). Furthermore, the microscale thermophoresis experiments (MST) on the interaction of compound 8k with TMV coat protein (TMV CP) showed 8k bound to TMV CP with a dissociation constant of 0.97 mmol/L. Docking studies provided further insights into the interaction of 8k with the Arg90 of TMV CP. Sixteen penta-1,4-diene-3-one oxime ether derivatives containing a quinazolin-4(3H)-one scaffold were designed, synthesized, and their antiviral activities against TMV were evaluated. Antiviral bioassays indicated that some target compounds exhibited remarkable antiviral activities against TMV. Furthermore, through the MST and docking studies, we can speculate that 8k inhibited the virulence of TMV by binding Arg90 in TMV CP. These results indicated that this kind of penta-1,4-diene-3-one oxime ether derivatives containing a quinazolin-4(3H)-one scaffold could be further studied as potential alternative templates in the search for novel antiviral agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Product Details of 620-19-9).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Product Details of 620-19-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Alkyl 2-Aryl-2-thioxoethanoates and -thioates: Preparation, Dimerization, and EPR Spectra of the Corresponding Radical Anions was written by Voss, Jurgen;Sawluk, Andrzej;Lange, Gisela;Adiwidjaja, Gunadi. And the article was included in Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements in 2009.SDS of cas: 7476-66-6 This article mentions the following:

The title compounds were prepared by reaction of the corresponding α-halocarboxylic or α-halothiolocarboxylic esters with tetraethylammonium thiosulfate and subsequent treatment of the resulting Bunte salts with sodium hydroxide in a two-phase system. Under elimination of sulfite, the deep-blue colored thiones were generated. These labile compounds could not always be isolated from the solutions in a pure state. Instead, frequently the [2+2]-dimers (dialkyl 2,4-diaryl-1,3-dithietane-2,4-carboxylates) or other follow-up products were obtained. Nevertheless, the EPR spectra of the monomer radical anions could be recorded even if solutions of the dimers were reduced by internal electrolysis. Addnl. EPR spectra were observed in several cases, which the authors assign to the radical anions of dialkyl 2,3-diaryl-2-butene-1,4-dioate radical anions originating from electron induced sulfur extrusion of the corresponding 1,3-dithietanes. Radical trianions were observed when a 1,4-benzene-bis-α -thioxo ester or -thioxo-thiol ester was electroreduced at a more neg. electrode potential. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate (cas: 7476-66-6SDS of cas: 7476-66-6).

Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate (cas: 7476-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.SDS of cas: 7476-66-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics