Tag: 100-200

Krishnan, R. S. published an article in 1945, the title of the article was Raman spectra of the second order in crystals. I. Calcite.Recommanded Product: 452-75-5 And the article contains the following content:

cf. C.A. 40, 5142.9. The importance of the second-order Raman spectra of crystals in providing information regarding the dynamical and optical properties of crystals is emphasized. The first- and second-order Raman spectra of calcite are photographed with Hg resonance radiation (λ 2536.5 A.). The frequency shifts and widths of the five lines of the first-order spectrum are accurately measured. The second-order spectrum is composed of 11 lines of varying intensity and width, some of which appear also in the infrared spectrum with very nearly the same ν. The frequencies have been assigned as some of the octaves and allowed combinations of the fundamental νν of the calcite lattice. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4-Chloro-2-fluorotoluene(cas: 452-75-5).Recommanded Product: 452-75-5

4-Chloro-2-fluorotoluene(cas:452-75-5) belongs to chlorides. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst. Recommanded Product: 452-75-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On July 1, 2010, Peace, Simon; Philp, Joanne; Brooks, Carl; Piercy, Val; Moores, Kitty; Smethurst, Chris; Watson, Steve; Gaines, Simon; Zippoli, Mara; Mookherjee, Claudette; Ife, Robert published an article.Formula: C7H6ClNO2 The title of the article was Identification of a sulfonamide series of CCR2 antagonists. And the article contained the following:

A series of sulfonamide CCR2 antagonists was identified by high-throughput screening. Management of mol. weight and phys. properties, in particular moderation of lipophilicity and study of pKa, yielded highly potent CCR2 antagonists exhibiting good pharmacokinetic properties and improved potency in the presence of human plasma. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Chloro-4-methyl-1-nitrobenzene(cas: 38939-88-7).Formula: C7H6ClNO2

The Article related to ccr2 antagonist sulfonamide preparation sar, Pharmacology: Structure-Activity and other aspects.Formula: C7H6ClNO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On September 30, 2006, Cieslinski, Marta M.; Steel, Peter J.; Lincoln, Stephen F.; Easton, Christopher J. published an article.SDS of cas: 38939-88-7 The title of the article was Centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric packing of aligned molecular fibers in the solid state self assemblies of cyclodextrin-based rotaxanes. And the article contained the following:

Two [2]-rotaxanes each comprising α-cyclodextrin as the rotor, and with either 3,3′-difluoro- or 3,3′-dichloro-stilbene as the axle and trinitro-phenylamino substituents as the blocking groups at the 4- and 4′-positions, were prepared and their structures analyzed in solution and the solid state using H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallog., resp. With each rotaxane, in solution the stilbene rotates freely within the cyclodextrin annulus. In the solid state the 3,3′-dichloro-stilbene-based rotaxane adopts two very similar conformations, each having the chlorine in the anti,anti-orientation. By comparison, the 3,3′-difluoro-stilbene-based rotaxane adopts anti,anti-, anti,syn- and syn,syn-orientations of the substituents. The crystal packing of each rotaxane displays aligned mol. fibers, which are centrosym. oriented in the case of the difluoride due to the head-to-head/tail-to-tail alignment of the cyclodextrins. By contrast, all of the cyclodextrins in the dichloride are aligned head-to-tail along a single axis to give a polar, non-centrosym. crystal. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Chloro-4-methyl-1-nitrobenzene(cas: 38939-88-7).SDS of cas: 38939-88-7

The Article related to mol association rotaxane inclusion cyclodextrin crystal structure centrosym, rotaxane cyclodextrin stilbene conformation crystal structure fiber centrosym, Carbohydrates: Oligosaccharides and other aspects.SDS of cas: 38939-88-7

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On December 20, 2013, Allen, C. Liana; Miller, Scott J. published an article.Computed Properties of 35444-44-1 The title of the article was Chiral Copper(II) Complex-Catalyzed Reactions of Partially Protected Carbohydrates. And the article contained the following:

Catalyst-controlled regioselective functionalization of partially protected saccharide mols. is a highly important yet under-developed area of carbohydrate chem. Such reactions allow for the reduction of protecting group manipulation steps required in syntheses involving sugars. Herein, an approach to these processes using enantiopure copper-bis(oxazoline) catalysts to control couplings of electrophiles to various partially protected sugars is reported. In a number of cases, divergent regioselectivity was observed as a function of the enantiomer of catalyst that is used. The experimental process involved the reaction of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate(cas: 35444-44-1).Computed Properties of 35444-44-1

The Article related to regioselective functionalization partially protected saccharide copper phbox catalyst, Carbohydrates: Oligosaccharides and other aspects.Computed Properties of 35444-44-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On October 31, 1991, Anchordoguy, Thomas J.; Cecchini, Christine A.; Crowe, John H.; Crowe, Lois M. published an article.Safety of trimethyloxosulphonium chloride The title of the article was Insights into the cryoprotective mechanism of dimethyl sulfoxide for phospholipid bilayers. And the article contained the following:

DMSO is a widely used cryoprotectant for biol. structures such as membranes. Despite hundreds of studies on the effects of this mol., surprisingly little is known about its cryoprotective mechanism. This study investigates the ability of various DMSO analogs to serve as cryoprotectants for liposomes. The data show that an increase in hydrophobicity progressively reduces the cryoprotective effect of sulfoxides. Addnl. experiments using phospholipid vesicles of varying composition demonstrate that DMSO is markedly less effective on liposomes carrying a net neg. charge. In fact, cryoprotection by DMSO was virtually eliminated in vesicles composed of 30% phosphatidylserine (a neg. charged lipid). Based on these results, it is suggested that the polar sulfoxide moiety of DMSO interacts electrostatically with phospholipid membranes and that this interaction is critical for DMSO’s cryoprotective effect for membranes. The experimental process involved the reaction of trimethyloxosulphonium chloride(cas: 5034-06-0).Safety of trimethyloxosulphonium chloride

The Article related to phospholipid membrane cryoprotection dmso, General Biochemistry: Membranes and other aspects.Safety of trimethyloxosulphonium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On December 31, 2010, Denora, Nunzio; Laquintana, Valentino; Trapani, Adriana; Lopedota, Angela; Latrofa, Andrea; Gallo, James M.; Trapani, Giuseppe published an article.Quality Control of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate The title of the article was Translocator Protein (TSPO) Ligand-Ara-C (Cytarabine) Conjugates as a Strategy To Deliver Antineoplastic Drugs and To Enhance Drug Clinical Potential. And the article contained the following:

The aim of this work was to evaluate TSPO ligand-Ara-C conjugation as an approach for the selective delivery of the antineoplastic agent to brain tumors as well as for overcome P-gp resistance induction observed for the majority of cytotoxic agents, enhancing the drug clin. potential. To this end, novel N-imidazopyridinacetyl-Ara-C conjugates have been prepared and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against glioma cell lines. Conjugate (I) resulted stable in both phosphate buffer and physiol. medium. In all cases, the release of free Ara-C from hydrolyzed conjugates was checked by HPLC and ESI-MS anal. Conjugates (II) and I displayed very high in vitro TSPO affinity and selectivity, and, hence, they may possess potential for targeted brain delivery. Due to the favorable features displayed by the conjugate I, it was further evaluated on glioma cell lines, expressing high levels of TSPO, in the presence and in the absence of specific nucleoside transport (NT) inhibitors. In contrast to that observed for the free Ara-C, the presence of NT inhibitors did not reduce the cytotoxic activity of I. Moreover, conjugate I, as N4-acyl derivative of Ara-C, should be resistant to inactivation by cytidine deaminase, and it may possess enhanced propensity to target brain tumor cells characterized by a reduced expression of NTs. In addition, this conjugate behaves as a clear P-gp modulator and thereby may be useful to reverse MDR. Transport studies across the MDCKII-MDR1 monolayer indicated that conjugate I should overcome the BBB by transcellular pathway. All these features may be useful for enhancing the clin. potential of the nucleoside drug Ara-C. The experimental process involved the reaction of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate(cas: 35444-44-1).Quality Control of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate

The Article related to translocator protein ligand cytarabine conjugate antineoplastic resistance, Pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceutics and other aspects.Quality Control of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yamazoe, Sayumi; Shestopalov, Ilya A.; Provost, Elayne; Leach, Steven D.; Chen, James K. published an article in 2012, the title of the article was Cyclic caged morpholinos: conformationally gated probes of embryonic gene function.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks And the article contains the following content:

Next-generation cyclic caged morpholino-based antisense oligonucleotides were used as effective reverse-genetics tools in zebrafish embryos to study the timing of exocrine fate commitment in developing pancreas. The zebrafish pancreas transcription factor 1 alpha (ptf1a) gene was targeted. The experimental process involved the reaction of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate(cas: 35444-44-1).Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

The Article related to cyclic caged morpholino oligonucleotide zebrafish embryo pancreas exocrine fate, Biochemical Genetics: Methods and other aspects.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On December 14, 2016, Li, Jinbo; Huang, Lei; Xiao, Xiao; Chen, Yingjie; Wang, Xingxing; Zhou, Zhengquan; Zhang, Chenyu; Zhang, Yan published an article.Computed Properties of 35444-44-1 The title of the article was Photoclickable MicroRNA for the Intracellular Target Identification of MicroRNAs. And the article contained the following:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important gene regulators that bind with target genes and repress target gene expression at post-transcriptional level. The identification of target genes associated with miRNAs inside different cells is of major challenge in miRNA chem.-biol. due to lack of functional miRNAs bearing appropriate tags. Here we report photo-clickable miRNAs as appropriately pre-tagged miRNAs that keep the intracellular function of miRNAs and allow the addition of mol. handles through photo-click reaction. The photo-clickable miRNAs upon transfection inside cells were able to form functional complexes with target genes and repress target gene expression. Target genes associated with the photo-clickable miRNA in the complex were then tagged with the mol. handle through photo-click reaction for pull-down and identification. Using photo-clickable miR-106a, miR-27 and miR-122, we firstly verified that their intracellular function was comparable to intact miRNAs, which showed obvious advantage over corresponding biotinylated miRNAs. After attaching the biotin handle to the associated complex containing the photo-clickable miRNAs through the tetrazole-ene photo-click reaction, target genes previously bound with these miRNAs inside cells were successfully pulled town and analyzed. The application of this strategy was demonstrated by the identification of several new target genes of miR-122, followed by revealing a novel regulatory pathway in HepG2 cells with regard to the role of PEG10 in miR-122-promoted cell apoptosis. The experimental process involved the reaction of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate(cas: 35444-44-1).Computed Properties of 35444-44-1

The Article related to photoclickable microrna target gene identification hela hepg2, Biochemical Genetics: Methods and other aspects.Computed Properties of 35444-44-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On July 16, 1980, Carle, Joergen S.; Christophersen, Carsten published an article.Quality Control of trimethyloxosulphonium chloride The title of the article was Dogger Bank itch. The allergen is (2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylsulfoxonium ion. And the article contained the following:

The causative agent of Dogger Bank Itch, an allergic contact dermatitis caused by exposure to Alcyonidium gelatinosum, was characterized and synthesized. This allergen is (2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylsulfoxonium ion. The experimental process involved the reaction of trimethyloxosulphonium chloride(cas: 5034-06-0).Quality Control of trimethyloxosulphonium chloride

The Article related to allergen dimethylhydroxyethylsulfoxonium preparation property, alcyonidium allergen property, Immunochemistry: Chemistry and other aspects.Quality Control of trimethyloxosulphonium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rozhon, Wilfried; Wang, Wuyan; Berthiller, Franz; Mayerhofer, Juliane; Chen, Tingting; Petutschnig, Elena; Sieberer, Tobias; Poppenberger, Brigitte; Jonak, Claudia published an article in 2014, the title of the article was Bikinin-like inhibitors targeting GSK3/Shaggy-like kinases: characterisation of novel compounds and elucidation of their catabolism in planta.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks And the article contains the following content:

Background: Plant GSK-3/Shaggy-like kinases are key players in brassinosteroid (BR) signalling which impact on plant development and participate in response to wounding, pathogens and salt stress. Bikinin was previously identified in a chem. genetics screen as an inhibitor targeting these kinases. To dissect the structural elements crucial for inhibition of GSK-3/Shaggy-like kinases by bikinin and to isolate more potent compounds we synthesized a number of related substances and tested their inhibitory activity in vitro and in vivo using Arabidopsis thaliana. Results: A pyridine ring with an amido succinic acid residue in position 2 and a halogen in position 5 were crucial for inhibitory activity. The compound with an iodine substituent in position 5, denoted iodobikinin, was most active in inhibiting BIN2 activity in vitro and efficiently induced brassinosteroid-like responses in vivo. Its Me ester, methyliodobikinin, showed improved cell permeability, making it highly potent in vivo although it had lower activity in vitro. HPLC anal. revealed that the Me residue was rapidly cleaved off in planta liberating active iodobikinin. In addition, we provide evidence that iodobikinin and bikinin are inactivated in planta by conjugation with glutamic acid or malic acid and that the latter process is catalyzed by the malate transferase SNG1. Conclusion: Brassinosteroids participate in regulation of many aspects of plant development and in responses to environmental cues. Thus compounds modulating their action are valuable tools to study such processes and may be an interesting opportunity to modify plant growth and performance in horticulture and agronomy. Here we report the development of bikinin derivatives with increased potency that can activate BR signalling and mimic BR action. Methyliodobikinin was 3.4 times more active in vivo than bikinin. The main reason for the superior activity of methyliodobikinin, the most potent compound, is its enhanced plant tissue permeability. Inactivation of bikinin and its derivatives in planta involves SNG1, which constitutes a novel pathway for modification of xenobiotic compounds The experimental process involved the reaction of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate(cas: 35444-44-1).Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

The Article related to arabidopsis iodobikinin bikinin sng1 catabolism malate transferase, Plant Biochemistry: Other and other aspects.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics