Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Kruber, Otto; Raeithel, Armin published an article in 1954, the title of the article was Coal-tar anthracene oil.Computed Properties of 93012-36-3 And the article contains the following content:

The following new components were found in coal tar anthracene oil: 1-methylfluorene (I), diphenylsuccindan (C.A. 4b,5,9b,10-tetrahydroindeno[2,1-a]indene) (II), 2-methylphenanthrene (III), 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene (IV), and 1,8-dimethylbiphenylene sulfide (V) of which V was unknown. I was obtained from the anthracene oil fraction, b. 316.5-18° (cf. C.A. 47, 1701d) by fractional distillation, freezing out, and Na fusion. The unreacted oil was sulfonated at room temperature with 10% by weight portions of 92% H2SO4 (2 times), 95% (4 times), and 97% (to completion). The crude crystalline sulfonic acids obtained upon cooling from sulfonation fractions 3-7 were desulfonated with 50% H2SO4. Distilling up to 115° gave a noncrystg. oil, from 115-30° an oil which partly crystallized upon cooling to give I, white needles from MeOH, m. 86-7° (identified by oxidation to 1-methylfluorenone, yellow needles from petroleum ether, m. 98-9°) and fluorenone-1-carboxylic acid, yellow needles by sublimation, m. 195-6°. II was obtained from the anthracene oil fraction, b. 333-5° (C.A. 49, 7575a). Fractions 8-14 of the yellow oil (loc. cit.) (640 g.) were treated with 50 g. of 100% H2SO4 in presence of Ac2O at 15°, the unreacted oil (485 g.) was agitated with 160 g. 100% H2SO4 for 3 h. at 70°. The sulfonic acid layer was repeatedly extracted with benzene, and the combined extract and unsulfonated oil, after washing to neutrality and evaporating the benzene, was distilled in vacuo. After separating 55 g. biphenylene sulfide crystallizing from 285 g. distillate, the remaining 181 g. oil was again treated with 150 g. 100% H2SO4 at 70-5°, the sulfonated product worked up as above gave 20.5 g. of a dark oil from which crystallized 6.6 g. of crude II (4.7 g. of white needles from EtOH, m. 104-4.5°), identified by the mixed m.p. with the synthetic product [cf. Ann. 247, 157(1888)]. The UV spectrum of II in EtOH closely resembles that of hydrindene. III was isolated from the heavy ends of the anthracene oil fraction, b. 350-70°, which was dissolved in an equal amount of PhMe. The filtrate, after evaporating the solvent, was fused with KOH to remove carbazoles, extracted with dilute acid then alkali to remove bases and phenols, resp., and treated with Na at 190-200° to remove most of the 4,5-methylene-phenanthrene. From the remaining oil a 3.5 kg. fraction, b. 350-60°, was redistilled at 30 mm. Hg in an adiabatic column of about 28 theor. plates at a reflux ratio of 30:1 to fractions of 100 g. each. The crystalline portion of fractions 11-16 was distilled over Na and recrystallized from EtOH to give 150 g. III, colorless leaflets, m. 56°, b760 354.8°. III was further purified by dissolving in a little PhMe and sulfonated at 40-5° with concentrated H2SO4, recrystallized from 33% H2SO4, and desulfonated with 33% H2SO4 at 125-30° to give III, m. 57-7.5°; picrate, orange needles, m. 120-1°. Oxidation of III gave 2-methylphenanthrenequinone (VI), orange leaflets, m. 155-6°; condensation of VI with o-C6H4(NH2)2 gave the corresponding quinoxaline, pale yellow needles, m. 196-7°. The solution obtained upon treating 2 g. VI with 10 cc. 30% H2O2 and 18 cc. of 2N NaOH at room temperature for 1.5 h., when diluted with H2O, kept overnight, and filtered gave upon acidification of the filtrate 4-methyldiphenic acid, colorless needles from very dilute EtOH, m. 246-7°. The latter can be obtained directly from III by refluxing with 30% H2O2 in AcOH for 2.5 h. and converted to 2-methylfluorenone by dry distillation over CaO. IV was obtained from the heavy ends of the anthracene oil fraction, b. 355-60°, after pretreatment as described for the preparation of III, by distilling 7 kg. in an adiabatic column of about 18 theor. plates at a reflux ratio of 20:1 at 30 mm. Hg to fractions of about 120 g. each. Fractions 6-10, upon redistillation, served as starting material for the isolation of V. The 4 penultimate fractions obtained upon redistillation of fractions 20-32 in the same column gave 45 g. IV, colorless needles, m. 141° (from EtOH), b760 363.2°; picrate, orange needles, m. 172-3°; oxidation gave 3,6-dimethylphenanthrenequinone, orange needles, m. 221-2° (from EtOH), which condensed with o-C6H4(NH2)2 to the corresponding quinoxaline, pale yellow needles, m. 266-7° (from EtOH). Heating 4 g. IV in 30 cc. of AcOH to boiling and gradually adding 24 cc. 30% H2O2 gave 2.2 g. 5,5′-dimethyldiphenic acid, pale yellow leaflets, m. 268-70° (from H2O) which upon dry distillation with CaO gave 3,6-dimethylfluorenone, orange leaflets, m. 116-17° (from petroleum ether). The filtrate obtained from the above mentioned crude starting material for V was sulfonated with 92% H2SO4 at room temperature, and the unsulfonated oil adsorbed on Al2O3 and eluted first with petroleum benzin and then with a mixture of benzene and EtOH. The colorless oily eluate, nD20 1.669, crystallized on standing V, white needles, m. 154-5° (from EtOH); picrate, yellow needles, m. 130-1°. Heating 0.2 g. V in 5 cc. of glacial AcOH with 0.5 cc. 30% H2O2 on the water bath gave 0.2 g. 1,8-dimethyldiphenylenesulfone, white needles, m. 293-4° (from EtOH or glacial AcOH), heating 10 g. 2,2′-dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethylbiphenyl with 5 g. P2S5 in an Anschütz distillation flask over 15 min. from 140 to 410° gives 0.38 g. V after recrystallizing the crude distillate from EtOH. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5,5′-Dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid(cas: 93012-36-3).Computed Properties of 93012-36-3

5,5′-Dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid(cas:93012-36-3) belongs to chlorides. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst. Computed Properties of 93012-36-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On July 1, 2010, Peace, Simon; Philp, Joanne; Brooks, Carl; Piercy, Val; Moores, Kitty; Smethurst, Chris; Watson, Steve; Gaines, Simon; Zippoli, Mara; Mookherjee, Claudette; Ife, Robert published an article.Formula: C7H6ClNO2 The title of the article was Identification of a sulfonamide series of CCR2 antagonists. And the article contained the following:

A series of sulfonamide CCR2 antagonists was identified by high-throughput screening. Management of mol. weight and phys. properties, in particular moderation of lipophilicity and study of pKa, yielded highly potent CCR2 antagonists exhibiting good pharmacokinetic properties and improved potency in the presence of human plasma. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Chloro-4-methyl-1-nitrobenzene(cas: 38939-88-7).Formula: C7H6ClNO2

The Article related to ccr2 antagonist sulfonamide preparation sar, Pharmacology: Structure-Activity and other aspects.Formula: C7H6ClNO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On September 30, 2006, Cieslinski, Marta M.; Steel, Peter J.; Lincoln, Stephen F.; Easton, Christopher J. published an article.SDS of cas: 38939-88-7 The title of the article was Centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric packing of aligned molecular fibers in the solid state self assemblies of cyclodextrin-based rotaxanes. And the article contained the following:

Two [2]-rotaxanes each comprising α-cyclodextrin as the rotor, and with either 3,3′-difluoro- or 3,3′-dichloro-stilbene as the axle and trinitro-phenylamino substituents as the blocking groups at the 4- and 4′-positions, were prepared and their structures analyzed in solution and the solid state using H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallog., resp. With each rotaxane, in solution the stilbene rotates freely within the cyclodextrin annulus. In the solid state the 3,3′-dichloro-stilbene-based rotaxane adopts two very similar conformations, each having the chlorine in the anti,anti-orientation. By comparison, the 3,3′-difluoro-stilbene-based rotaxane adopts anti,anti-, anti,syn- and syn,syn-orientations of the substituents. The crystal packing of each rotaxane displays aligned mol. fibers, which are centrosym. oriented in the case of the difluoride due to the head-to-head/tail-to-tail alignment of the cyclodextrins. By contrast, all of the cyclodextrins in the dichloride are aligned head-to-tail along a single axis to give a polar, non-centrosym. crystal. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Chloro-4-methyl-1-nitrobenzene(cas: 38939-88-7).SDS of cas: 38939-88-7

The Article related to mol association rotaxane inclusion cyclodextrin crystal structure centrosym, rotaxane cyclodextrin stilbene conformation crystal structure fiber centrosym, Carbohydrates: Oligosaccharides and other aspects.SDS of cas: 38939-88-7

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On December 20, 2013, Allen, C. Liana; Miller, Scott J. published an article.Computed Properties of 35444-44-1 The title of the article was Chiral Copper(II) Complex-Catalyzed Reactions of Partially Protected Carbohydrates. And the article contained the following:

Catalyst-controlled regioselective functionalization of partially protected saccharide mols. is a highly important yet under-developed area of carbohydrate chem. Such reactions allow for the reduction of protecting group manipulation steps required in syntheses involving sugars. Herein, an approach to these processes using enantiopure copper-bis(oxazoline) catalysts to control couplings of electrophiles to various partially protected sugars is reported. In a number of cases, divergent regioselectivity was observed as a function of the enantiomer of catalyst that is used. The experimental process involved the reaction of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate(cas: 35444-44-1).Computed Properties of 35444-44-1

The Article related to regioselective functionalization partially protected saccharide copper phbox catalyst, Carbohydrates: Oligosaccharides and other aspects.Computed Properties of 35444-44-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On January 25, 2012, Honda, Aki; Suzuki, Koji published a patent.Reference of 3-Amino-7-(diethylamino)-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride The title of the patent was Method for determining allergen in environment, and simple allergen quantitation kit. And the patent contained the following:

An allergen determination method is provided, which enables to conveniently measuring the quantity of a biol. allergen (e.g., acari, pollen) in environment without using an anti-allergen antibody. The method comprises using as a substrate for a proteinase which the allergen possesses a substrate capable of bringing a visible color change as a result of an enzymic reaction, bringing a solution containing this substrate into contact with a measurement object material collected using an adhesive sheet, measuring the proteinase activity in the measurement object material using the color change in the substrate solution as an index, and thereby, determining the biol. allergen. The proteinase substrate used in this method is a coloring compound (e.g, Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-3RAX, Boc-amino acid-3RAX) in which an amino acid or an oligopeptide is bound to at least one amino group of a coloring dye possessing at least one amino group (e.g., cresyl violet, safranine O, methylene violet 3RAX). The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Amino-7-(diethylamino)-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride(cas: 4569-86-2).Reference of 3-Amino-7-(diethylamino)-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

The Article related to allergen environment determination proteinase coloring dye substrate colorimetry, Biochemical Methods: Biological and other aspects.Reference of 3-Amino-7-(diethylamino)-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On December 21, 2006, Iwasaki, Aki; Suzuki, Koji published a patent.Quality Control of 3-Amino-7-(diethylamino)-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride The title of the patent was Method for determining allergen in environment, and simple allergen quantitation kit. And the patent contained the following:

An allergen determination method is provided, which enables to conveniently measuring the quantity of a biol. allergen (e.g., acari, pollen) in environment without using an anti-allergen antibody. The method comprises using as a substrate for a proteinase which the allergen possesses a substrate capable of bringing a visible color change as a result of an enzymic reaction, bringing a solution containing this substrate into contact with a measurement object material collected using an adhesive sheet, measuring the proteinase activity in the measurement object material using the color change in the substrate solution as an index, and thereby, determining the biol. allergen. The proteinase substrate used in this method is a coloring compound (e.g, Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-3RAX, Boc-amino acid-3RAX) in which an amino acid or an oligopeptide is bound to at least one amino group of a coloring dye possessing at least one amino group (e.g., cresyl violet, safranine O, methylene violet 3RAX). The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Amino-7-(diethylamino)-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride(cas: 4569-86-2).Quality Control of 3-Amino-7-(diethylamino)-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

The Article related to allergen environment determination proteinase coloring dye substrate colorimetry, Biochemical Methods: Biological and other aspects.Quality Control of 3-Amino-7-(diethylamino)-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On October 31, 1991, Anchordoguy, Thomas J.; Cecchini, Christine A.; Crowe, John H.; Crowe, Lois M. published an article.Safety of trimethyloxosulphonium chloride The title of the article was Insights into the cryoprotective mechanism of dimethyl sulfoxide for phospholipid bilayers. And the article contained the following:

DMSO is a widely used cryoprotectant for biol. structures such as membranes. Despite hundreds of studies on the effects of this mol., surprisingly little is known about its cryoprotective mechanism. This study investigates the ability of various DMSO analogs to serve as cryoprotectants for liposomes. The data show that an increase in hydrophobicity progressively reduces the cryoprotective effect of sulfoxides. Addnl. experiments using phospholipid vesicles of varying composition demonstrate that DMSO is markedly less effective on liposomes carrying a net neg. charge. In fact, cryoprotection by DMSO was virtually eliminated in vesicles composed of 30% phosphatidylserine (a neg. charged lipid). Based on these results, it is suggested that the polar sulfoxide moiety of DMSO interacts electrostatically with phospholipid membranes and that this interaction is critical for DMSO’s cryoprotective effect for membranes. The experimental process involved the reaction of trimethyloxosulphonium chloride(cas: 5034-06-0).Safety of trimethyloxosulphonium chloride

The Article related to phospholipid membrane cryoprotection dmso, General Biochemistry: Membranes and other aspects.Safety of trimethyloxosulphonium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On November 5, 2018, Nechipadappu, Sunil Kumar; Trivedi, Darshak R. published an article.COA of Formula: C7H4ClNO4 The title of the article was Cocrystal of nutraceutical sinapic acid with Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ethenzamide and 2-chloro-4-Nitrobenzoic acid: Equilibrium solubility and stability study. And the article contained the following:

Sinapic acid (SNP) is a nutraceutical compound of hydroxybenzoic acid derivative which possesses anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-anxiety activity properties. In the present work, two cocrystals of SNP with two active drug ingredients such as Ethenzamide (ETZ) and 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid (CNB) are reported. Both the cocrystals were synthesized via simple solvent evaporation method and the crystal structures were characterized by Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (SC-XRD) techniques. The cocrystals were formed via robust acid-amide heterosynthon and acid-acid homosynthon between SNP and drug mols. Both the cocrystals were crystallized in monoclinic crystal system with P 21/c space group. The synthesized cocrystals were further characterized by DSC, PXRD, FT-IR, and 1H NMR techniques. The solubility study in purified distilled water and in 0.1 N HCl solution demonstrate that there was no increment in the solubility of drug mols. in the cocrystals in both purified water and in 0.1 N HCl solution The synthesized cocrystal exhibited six months stability at ambient conditions (∼25 °C, 60-65% RH). The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid(cas: 99-60-5).COA of Formula: C7H4ClNO4

The Article related to cocrystal nutraceutical sinapic acid ethenzamide nitrobenzoic acid solubility stability, Pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceutics and other aspects.COA of Formula: C7H4ClNO4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On December 27, 2019, Liu, Si-Xian; Tsai, Yun-Tzu; Lin, Yu-Tung; Li, Jia-Yue; Chang, Che-Chien published an article.Recommanded Product: tert-Butyl trichloroacetimidate The title of the article was Design and synthesis of trivalent Tn glycoconjugate polymers by nitroxide-mediated polymerization. And the article contained the following:

A new synthetic method for preparing Tn glycoconjugate polymers, containing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens, by controlled living radical polymerization is reported. To mimic the authentic structures of Tn glycopeptide antigens and to explore the controlled living radical polymerization, three tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (GalNAc, GalNAcα1-O-Ser, and GalNAcα1-O-Thr) were attached to a styrene-type monomer through a diethylene glycol spacer. Under nitroxide-mediated polymerization, controlled living radical polymerization proceeded to afford defined glycopeptide polymers with different Tn densities and compositions The polydispersity index (PDI) and mol. weights were increased and conversions were decreased upon increasing the concentration of Tn glycoconjugate monomers. The resulting Tn glycoconjugate polymers were characterized by NMR and IR. The spectral data indicate that the Tn glycoconjugate moiety did attach to the polymer chain and Tn glycoconjugate d. could be adjusted through the nitroxide-mediated polymerization conditions. The number of Tn units containing in the polymer chains could be estimated by NMR integration. This synthetic approach provides a new and efficient tool for constructing novel Tn glycoconjugate polymers. The experimental process involved the reaction of tert-Butyl trichloroacetimidate(cas: 98946-18-0).Recommanded Product: tert-Butyl trichloroacetimidate

The Article related to synthesis trivalent tn glycoconjugate polymer nitroxide mediated polymerization, Biochemical Methods: Synthesis and other aspects.Recommanded Product: tert-Butyl trichloroacetimidate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On December 31, 2010, Denora, Nunzio; Laquintana, Valentino; Trapani, Adriana; Lopedota, Angela; Latrofa, Andrea; Gallo, James M.; Trapani, Giuseppe published an article.Quality Control of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate The title of the article was Translocator Protein (TSPO) Ligand-Ara-C (Cytarabine) Conjugates as a Strategy To Deliver Antineoplastic Drugs and To Enhance Drug Clinical Potential. And the article contained the following:

The aim of this work was to evaluate TSPO ligand-Ara-C conjugation as an approach for the selective delivery of the antineoplastic agent to brain tumors as well as for overcome P-gp resistance induction observed for the majority of cytotoxic agents, enhancing the drug clin. potential. To this end, novel N-imidazopyridinacetyl-Ara-C conjugates have been prepared and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against glioma cell lines. Conjugate (I) resulted stable in both phosphate buffer and physiol. medium. In all cases, the release of free Ara-C from hydrolyzed conjugates was checked by HPLC and ESI-MS anal. Conjugates (II) and I displayed very high in vitro TSPO affinity and selectivity, and, hence, they may possess potential for targeted brain delivery. Due to the favorable features displayed by the conjugate I, it was further evaluated on glioma cell lines, expressing high levels of TSPO, in the presence and in the absence of specific nucleoside transport (NT) inhibitors. In contrast to that observed for the free Ara-C, the presence of NT inhibitors did not reduce the cytotoxic activity of I. Moreover, conjugate I, as N4-acyl derivative of Ara-C, should be resistant to inactivation by cytidine deaminase, and it may possess enhanced propensity to target brain tumor cells characterized by a reduced expression of NTs. In addition, this conjugate behaves as a clear P-gp modulator and thereby may be useful to reverse MDR. Transport studies across the MDCKII-MDR1 monolayer indicated that conjugate I should overcome the BBB by transcellular pathway. All these features may be useful for enhancing the clin. potential of the nucleoside drug Ara-C. The experimental process involved the reaction of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate(cas: 35444-44-1).Quality Control of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate

The Article related to translocator protein ligand cytarabine conjugate antineoplastic resistance, Pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceutics and other aspects.Quality Control of Methyl 6-chloro-6-oxohexanoate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics