Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Convenient synthesis and anticancer evaluation of novel pyrazolyl-thiophene, thieno[3,2-b]pyridine, pyrazolo[3,4-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine and pyrano[2,3-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives was written by Masaret, Ghada S.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2021.Quality Control of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The newly synthesized 3-(3-amino-5-(phenylamino)-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)thiophen-2-yl)-3-oxopropanoate was utilized as a precursor for the synthesis of pyrazolyl-thiophene derivative, I which undergoes cyclization upon treatment with benzaldehyde derivatives to provide pyrazolo[3,4-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridines II [Ar = 4-MeC₆H₄, 4-MeOC₆H₄, 4-ClC₆H₄]. Basic treatment of pyrazolyl-thiophene derivative with Ph isothiocyanate followed by subsequent addition of chloroacetone and/or Et bromoacetate yielded the thiazolylidene-pyrazolyl thiophenes. In addition, the building block 3-(3-amino-5-(phenylamino)-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)thiophen-2-yl)-3-oxopropanoate was converted into the corresponding thieno[3,2-b]pyridine compounds through its reactions with (DMF-DMA) and/or heating in sodium ethoxide. Moreover, the reaction of 7-hydroxy-5-oxo-N-phenyl-2-(phenylamino)-4,5-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide with 2-arylidenemalononitrile produced the new annulated pyrano[2,3-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridines II. The prepared thiophene-based compounds pyrazolyl-thiophene I , thieno[3,2-b]pyridine, pyrazolo[3,4-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine II and pyrano[2,3-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives III were evaluated against HepG2, PC3, and MCF-7 cancer cells, and normal fibroblast cell (WI38). The pyrazolo[3,4-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine II [Ar = 4-ClC₆H₄] and pyrano[2,3-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine compounds III [Ar = 4-ClC₆H₄] presented promising cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cancer cell line without any human toxicity. Docking study for the synthesized thiophene compounds I, II, III delivered valuable insights about the binding interactions with the crystal structure of NS5B enzyme with PDB ID (4TLR). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3Quality Control of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Quality Control of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Separation of cobalt, lithium and nickel from the “black mass” of waste Li-ion batteries by ionic liquids, DESs and organophosphorous-based acids extraction was written by Lukomska, Aneta;Wisniewska, Anna;Dabrowski, Zbigniew;Kolasa, Dorota;Luchcinska, Sylwia;Domanska, Urszula. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2021.Quality Control of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

New methods of metal extraction from the “black mass” (BM) from spent lithium-ion batteries have been presented with ionic liquids (ILs), Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and organophosphorous-based acids. The low-temperature method of extraction of cobalt, nickel, lithium and other metals without pre-leaching of BM with acids have been proposed in comparison with many methods already described in the literature. Extraction has been studied in detail with ILs: methyltrioctylammonium chloride ([N8,8,8,1][Cl], Aliquat 336), trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride ([P6,6,6,14][Cl], Cyphos IL 101), trihexyltetradecylphosphonium thiocyanate ([P6,6,6,14][SCN]), benzethonium tricyanomethanide ([Benzet][TCM]), as well as with DESs mixtures and well known organophosphorous-based acids: bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). It was shown that fast and efficient extraction, with 90-100 wt% recovery of Co(II), may be obtained using DESs. Well known for the extraction of metal ions from the aqueous phase ILs, binary mixtures of ILs (synergistic effect) and Aqueous Biphasic System (ABS) method with NaCl, {[P_4,4,4,14][Cl] + NaCl + Co(II)} have shown very low efficiency in the recovery of metals from BM. The extraction of cobalt (30-58 wt%) and the high extraction efficiency of lithium (41-92 wt%) and nickel (37-52 wt%) was obtained using Cyanex 272 in a mixture with di-Et phosphite. Process factors such as solvent content, extraction additivities, stripping and precipitation methods, temperature, holding time, pH and liquid/solid as well as organic/water ratios were studied. For all extractions, the selectivity and distribution ratios were described. A schematic flow chart for the selective recovery of cobalt(II), lithium(I) and nickel(II) from BM has been proposed. The presented extraction processes can compete with the costly hydrometallurgical methods for recovering metals from secondary waste. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Quality Control of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Quality Control of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of New Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Fused Coumarin Sulfonate Derivatives and Their Inhibitory Effects on LPS-Induced Nitric Oxide and PGE₂ Productions in RAW 264.7 Macrophages: Part 2 was written by El-Gamal, Mohammed I.;Lee, Woo-Seok;Shin, Ji-Sun;Oh, Chang-Hyun;Lee, Kyung-Tae;Choi, Jungseung;Myoung, Nohsun;Baek, Daejin. And the article was included in Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) in 2016.Safety of 4-Chlororesorcinol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The synthesis of a new series of 21 fused coumarin derivatives is described, and the biol. evaluation of their in vitro antiinflammatory effects as inhibitors of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The target compounds were first tested for cytotoxicity to determine a non-toxic concentration for antiinflammatory screening, so that the inhibitory effects against NO and PGE₂ production would not be caused by cytotoxicity. Compounds 1f (2-methoxy-6-oxo-6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydrocyclohepta[c]chromen-3-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate) and 1p (2-methoxy-6-oxo-7,8,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-6H-cycloocta[c]chromen-3-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate) were the most active PGE₂ inhibitors with IC₅₀ values of 0.89 and 0.95 μM, resp. Western blot and cell-free COX-2 screening showed that their effects were due to inhibition of both COX-2 protein expression and COX-2 enzyme activity. Their IC₅₀ values against the COX-2 enzyme were 0.67 and 0.85 μM, resp., which is more potent than etoricoxib. The selectivity indexes of compounds 1f and 1p against COX-2 compared to COX-1 were 41.1 and 42.5, resp. Compound 1f showed strong inhibitory effects at 5 μM concentration on COX-2 mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the tricyclic compounds 1l (6-oxo-7,8,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-6H-cycloocta[c]chromen-3-yl 4-fluorobenzenesulfonate) and 1n (2-methoxy-6-oxo-7,8,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-6H-cycloocta[c]chromen-3-yl propane-1-sulfonate) as well as the tetracyclic analog 1u were the most potent NO inhibitors, with one-digit micromolar IC₅₀ values. They showed dose-dependent inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. The tetracyclic derivative 1u was the most potent inhibitor of NO production It also exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on iNOS mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Safety of 4-Chlororesorcinol).

4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Safety of 4-Chlororesorcinol

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synergism and aggregation behavior in an aqueous binary mixture of cationic-zwitterionic surfactants: physico-chemical characterization with molecular simulation approach was written by Kanoje, Bharatkumar;Padshala, Shailesh;Parikh, Jigisha;Sahoo, Suban K.;Kuperkar, Ketan;Bahadur, Pratap. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2018.COA of Formula: C25H46ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Aqueous interactions between a cationic surfactant benzyl dimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (BDHAC) and alkyldimethylammoniopropane sulfonates (C_nDAPS) based three zwitterionic surfactants n = 10, 12, and 14 (abbreviated as C₁₀DAPS, C₁₂DAPS and C₁₄DAPS, resp.) were studied using tensiometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometry techniques. The critical micelle concentration degree of synergism and various other parameters such as interaction parameter (β), activity coefficients (f^m) and interfacial parameters such as surface pressure (π_CMC), packing parameter (P), surface excess concentration (Γ_max), surface tension at CMC (γ_CMC), and min. area per mol. (A_min) were evaluated using the Regular Solution Theory (RST) of mixed systems. The results indicate a strong dependency on the mixed system and their composition For the quant. prediction, the mol. architecture of the surfactants in mixed systems and their synergistic interactions were investigated by computational simulation using Spartan’14 V1.1.8. The structural optimization results obtained were found to be in good agreement with the estimations made using RST. The reduction in surface tension indicates a certain efficiency in mixed micelle formation owing to electrostatic attraction between the cationic and zwitterionic surfactants. In addition, the binary surfactant systems evaluated by Maeda’s approach infer the mixed micelles are thermodynamically stable. The aggregation number (N_agg) appeared to be larger at the composition point where the efficiency of mixed micelle formation is greatest. The strength of the interaction between BDHAC and C_nDAPS followed the order: C₁₄DAPS > C₁₂DAPS > C₁₀DAPS indicating a greater synergism at 0.25 molar ratio of zwitterionic surfactants to cationic surfactants in the aqueous solution at 303.15 K. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9COA of Formula: C25H46ClN).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.COA of Formula: C25H46ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Applicability of an eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent loaded onto magnetic graphene oxide to preconcentrate trace amount of indigotin blue dye was written by Hejazi Khah, Melika;Jamshidi, Parastoo;Shemirani, Farzaneh. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2021.Related Products of 75-57-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This article investigates the applicability of an environmentally friendly and energy efficient deep eutectic solvents (DES) for indigotin blue dye (IBD) preconcentration prior to its quantification by a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The adsorbent (UT-mGO) is made of Fe₃O₄, graphene oxide, urea and tetramethylammonium chloride. It was prepared via dispersing magnetic graphene oxide in a DES. The adsorbent was prepared fast and easy, without consumption of dangerous reagents. The X-ray diffraction patterns show pure structures of components. The FT-IR spectra show strong interaction between DES and mGO. In addition, a scanning electron microscope confirms that DES covered the surface of mGO homogeneously. Magnetic amount and surface property were characterized by an alternating gradient force magnetometer and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, resp. High surface area and enough magnetic property, as well as π-π and electrostatic interactions among analyte and adsorbent propose UT-mGO as a qualified candidate to preconc. IBD. Effective parameters including pH, adsorbent amount, adsorption time, eluent and desorption time were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the method has the following figures of merit: (a) limit of detection of 1.5 × 10^-6 g L^-1, (b) relative standard deviation (n = 7) of 3.49%, (c) preconcentration factor of 50 and (d) linearity of dynamic range of 1.0 × 10^-5 to 45 × 10^-5 g L^-1. The adsorbent is not reusable but durable in six months. Isotherm model of Langmuir and kinetic model of pseudo-second-order fitted for the system. ΔH (-13.2 × 10³ J mol^-1), ΔS (5.38 J K^-1 mol^-1) and ΔG (-3.69 × 10³ – +10.9 × 103 J mol^-1) were calculated as thermodn. parameters. The method was successfully applied for IBD preconcentration from three samples of fruit juices and three samples of jelly powders. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Related Products of 75-57-0).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Related Products of 75-57-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structure basis for the inhibitory mechanism of a novel DNase γ-specific inhibitor, DR396 was written by Sunaga, Satoshi;Yoshimori, Atsushi;Shiokawa, Daisuke;Tanuma, Sei-ichi. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2006.Electric Literature of C9H6Cl2N4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

DNase γ, a member of the DNase I family, has been suggested to cause DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. The authors recently identified 4-(4,6-dichloro-[1,3,5]-triazine-2-ylamino)-2-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)-benzoic acid (DR396) as a novel specific inhibitor for human DNase γ. However, the binding mode (coordinate) of DR396 to DNase γ has not yet been defined. Here, the authors examined the mol. basis for the inhibitory activity of DR396 to DNase γ by structure-based computational docking studies. In the blind-docking study using a human DNase γ homol. model, a unique binding site of DR396 was predicted, which is tentatively named the DNA trapping site because of the binding domain of the unhydrolyzed DNA strand, but not the active site. Targeting the DNA trapping site as a hot spot, new human DNase γ inhibitors were obtained from our diverse chem. library in silico. These inhibitors showed high correlations between their predicted binding-free energies (ΔGs) and observed IC₅₀ values in the DNA trapping site but not the active site. The IC₅₀ of a regioisomer of DR396, 5-(4,6-dichloro-[1,3,5]-triazine-2-ylamino)-2-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)-benzoic acid (DF365), was 73 μM (ΔG = -9.75 kcal/mol), a 20-fold weaker inhibitory ability than that of DR396 (IC₅₀ = 3.2 μM, ΔG = -11.22 kcal/mol). Fluorescein and triazine derivatives, partial structures of DR396, had little inhibitory activity for DNase γ. Docking analyses of the interaction between DR396 and DNase γ revealed that DR396 binds tightly to three subsites (S1, S2, and S3) in the trapping site of DNase γ by forming six hydrogen bonds, whereas DF365 and the partial structures are unable to form hydrogen bonds at all three subsites. These findings suggest that the specificity and potency of the inhibitory activity of DR396 for DNase γ is due to the specific interaction of DR396 with three subsites in the DNA trapping site of DNase γ. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (cas: 2272-40-4Electric Literature of C9H6Cl2N4).

4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (cas: 2272-40-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Electric Literature of C9H6Cl2N4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, structures and properties of self-assembling quaternary ammonium dansyl fluorescent tags for porous and non-porous surfaces was written by Porosa, Lukasz M.;Mistry, Kamlesh B.;Mocella, Amanda;Deng, Hellen;Hamzehi, Shayan;Caschera, Alex;Lough, Alan J.;Wolfaardt, Gideon;Foucher, Daniel A.. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry B in 2014.Related Products of 6294-17-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A series of H₂O and/or EtOH soluble, self-assembling quaternary ammonium salts containing a dansyl (DNS) fluorescent moiety suitable for attachment to both porous ([DNS-NH-(CH₂)₃-NMe₂-R⁺][X^–] (2); R = -Si(OMe)₃, X^– = Cl^–) and non-porous (3a); R = -PO(OEt)₂, 3b; -PO(Oi-Pr)₂, 3c; -(PO(OH)₂, X^– = Br^–), 4; [DNS-NH-(CH₂)₃-NMe₂-(CH₂)₃-NH(CH₂PO(OEt)₂)₂⁺][Br^–], 5; R = -((CH₂)₃SCOCH₃, X^– = Cl^–), 6a; (R = -(CH₂)_nO(C₆H₄)CO(C₆H₅), n = 3, X^– = Br^–, 6b; n = 3, X^– = Cl^–, 6c; n = 3, X^– = I^–, 6d; n = 4, X^– = Br^–, 6e; n = 4, X^– = I^–, 6f; n = 6, X^– = Br^–, 6g; n = 6, X^– = Cl^–, 6h; n = 6, X^– = I^–), 7; (R = -CH₂-CH:CH₂, X^– = Br^–) surfaces were prepared from the precursor dansyl amine (1; DNS-NH-(CH₂)₃-NMe₂). Compounds 1-7 were characterized by NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ²⁹Si (2), ³¹P (3a-c, 4)) spectroscopy, HRMS, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Addnl. characterization of compounds 1 and 7 were carried out by X-ray structure determinations Phys. attachment of compound 2 to cotton surfaces after immersion in solutions containing fluorescent dyes was verified by exposure to UV light and by complexation with bromo-phenol blue that rendered the surfaces visibly blue in color. Phosphorus containing dansyl fluorescent dye, 3c, was attached to a stainless steel surface by exposure to an aqueous solution containing this dye, resulting in the formation of a self-assembled fluorescent monolayer. UV cure of plastic surfaces (polypropylene, silicon medical tubing) coated with compound 6a resulted in the covalent attachment of the dyes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3Related Products of 6294-17-3).

1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Related Products of 6294-17-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of early-life stress or fluoxetine exposure on later-life conditioned taste aversion learning in Sprague-Dawley rats was written by Ascencio Gutierrez, Verenice;Carrillo, Audrey A.;Boersma, Gretha J.;Tamashiro, Kellie L. K.;Moran, Timothy H.;Iniguez, Sergio D.;Treesukosol, Yada. And the article was included in Neuroscience Letters in 2022.Electric Literature of ClLi The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In rodents, early-life exposure to environmental stress or antidepressant medication treatment has been shown to induce similar long-term consequences on memory- and depression-related behavior in adulthood. To expand on this line of work, we evaluated how juvenile exposure to chronic variable stress (CVS) or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) influences conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning in adulthood. To do this, in Experiment 1, we examined how adolescent CVS alone (postnatal day [PND] 35-48), or with prenatal stress (PNS) history (PNS + CVS), influenced the acquisition and extinction of CTA in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Specifically, at PND70+ (adulthood), rats were presented with 0.15 % saccharin followed by an i.p. (i.p.) injection of lithium chloride (LiCl) to induce visceral malaise. A total of four saccharin (conditioned stimulus) and LiCl (unconditioned stimulus) pairings occurred across the CTA acquisition phase. Next, saccharin was presented without aversive consequences, and intake was measured across consecutive days of the extinction phase. No differences in body weight gain across the exptl. days, rate of CTA acquisition, or extinction of CTA, were observed among the exptl. groups (control, n = 7; CVS, n = 12; PNS + CVS, n = 9). In Experiment 2, we evaluated if early-life FLX exposure alters CTA learning in adulthood. Specifically, adolescent stress naive male and female rats received FLX (0 or 20 mg/kg/i.p) once daily for 15 consecutive days (PND35-49). During antidepressant exposure, FLX decreased body weight gain in both male (n = 7) and female rats (n = 7), when compared to resp. controls (male control, n = 8; female control, n = 8). However, juvenile FLX exposure decreased body weight-gain in adult male, but not female, rats. Lastly, adolescent FLX history had no effect on CTA acquisition or extinction in adulthood (PND70), in neither male nor female rats. Together, the data indicate that juvenile FLX exposure results in a long-term decrease of body weight-gain in a male-specific manner. Yet, independent of sex, neither early-life stress nor FLX exposure alters CTA learning in adulthood. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Electric Literature of ClLi).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Electric Literature of ClLi

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Novel fluorinated 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives containing an oxime ether moiety: design, synthesis, crystal structure and biological evaluation was written by Wang, Qing-Qing;Zhang, Shu-Guang;Jiao, Jian;Dai, Peng;Zhang, Wei-Hua. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Computed Properties of C6H5ClO2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A series of fluorinated 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives containing an oxime ether moiety I [R¹ = H, F; R² = Me, CF₃; R³ = H, Cl; R⁴ = H, Me, Bn, etc.] was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activity. All the target compounds were determined by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, FTIR and HR-MS spectra. The single-crystal structures of compounds I [R¹ = H, F R² = Me, CF₃, R³ = H, R⁴ = Et, propargyl, butyl] were further confirmed using X-ray diffraction. The preliminary bioassays showed that some of the designed compounds I displayed the promising antifungal activities against Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea), Alternariasolani (A. solani), Gibberella zeae (G. zeae), Rhizoctorzia solani (R. solani), Colletotrichum orbiculare (C. orbiculare) and Alternaria alternata (A. alternata) were evaluated in vitro. The target compounds I [R¹ = H, F; R² = Me, CF₃, R³ = H, R⁴ = allyl, butyl] exhibited outstanding antifungal activity against B. cinerea at 100μg/mL, with the corresponding inhibition rates reached 90.1 and 85.0%, which were better than the pos. control Osthole (83.6%) and Azoxystrobin (46.5%). The compound I [R¹ = H; R² = CF₃, R³ = Cl, R⁴ = allyl] was identified as the promising fungicide candidate against B. cinerea with the EC₅₀ values of 5.75μg/mL, which was obviously better than Osthole (33.20μg/mL) and Azoxystrobin (64.95μg/mL). The compound I [R¹ = H; R² = CF₃, R³ = Cl, R⁴ = allyl] showed remarkable antifungal activities against R. solani with the EC₅₀ values of 28.96μg/mL, which was better than Osthole (67.18μg/mL) and equivalent to Azoxystrobin (21.34μg/mL). The results provided a significant foundation for the search of novel fluorinated 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives I with good antifungal activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Computed Properties of C6H5ClO2).

4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Computed Properties of C6H5ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Aqueous lithium chloride solution as a non-toxic bactericidal and fungicidal disinfectant for air-conditioning systems: Efficacy and mechanism was written by Gu, Yuqian;Zhong, Ke;Cao, Rong;Yang, Zili. And the article was included in Environmental Research in 2022.Formula: ClLi The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Airborne pathogenic bacteria and fungi transmitted through air-conditioning (AC) systems have been identified as a major public health risk. Air scrubbing is a promising liquid-based air disinfection technique that captures and inactivates airborne pathogens in liquid disinfectants. However, owing to the drawbacks of irritating odor and toxicity, the commonly-used chem. disinfectants cannot be employed for AC systems. This study aimed to unveil the inactivation performance and mechanism of non-toxic and chem. stable aqueous lithium chloride (LiCl) solution-the popular liquid desiccant in the AC systems-as a user-friendly disinfectant. Four prominent airborne pathogenic bacteria and fungi were exposed to the LiCl solution under various conditions. The inactivation effects were quantified with fluorescence-staining-based confocal microscopy and verified with the pathogens membrane integrity variations, intracellular substance leakage, and morphol. changes. Results showed that LiCl solution was remarkably efficient in inactivating the pathogens within 60 min, with an efficacy of 35.2-96.2%. The solutions inactivation ability was promoted by increasing the temperatures and concentrations; however, it appeared insensitive to exposure time over 30 min. We then explored the inactivation mechanism of LiCl solution by assessing cellular protein leakages and compared the inactivation rates with those of NaCl solution The extracellular protein increased by over 470% after being exposed to LiCl solution The inactivation rate was also considerably higher than in NaCl solution under the same osmotic pressure (24.79 MPa). We suggest that apart from osmotic pressure, the inactivation is reinforced by Li+-specific properties, including its strong water attraction that deprived the solvation shells of microbial protein and caused protein denaturation. We propose that aqueous LiCl solution may act as a user-friendly disinfectant for air-scrubbing due to its attractive characteristics, including its non-toxicity, odorless nature, and chem. stability. These findings may open up a “green” way to disinfect airborne pathogens and safeguard public health. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Formula: ClLi).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Formula: ClLi

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics