Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Marinopyrrole derivatives as potential antibiotic agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (I) was written by Liu, Yan;Haste, Nina M.;Thienphrapa, Wdee;Nizet, Victor;Hensler, Mary;Li, Rongshi. And the article was included in Marine Drugs in 2012.Application of 3438-16-2 This article mentions the following:

Infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens are on the rise. The ongoing spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains exemplifies the urgent need for new antibiotics. The marine natural product, marinopyrrole A, was previously shown to have potent antibiotic activity against Gram-pos. pathogens, including MRSA. However, its min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MRSA was increased by >500 fold in the presence of 20% human serum, thus greatly limiting therapeutic potential. Here we report our discovery of a novel derivative of marinopyrrole A, designated 1a, featuring a 2-4 fold improved MIC against MRSA and significantly less susceptibility to serum inhibition. Importantly, compound 1a displayed rapid and concentration-dependent killing of MRSA. Compared to the natural product counterpart, compound 1a provides an important natural product based scaffold for further Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) and optimization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2Application of 3438-16-2).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Application of 3438-16-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Detection of multiple endocrine-disrupting chemicals in milk: Improved and safe high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was written by Yu, Yunhan;Kuang, Mengya;Zheng, Baohua;Wang, Meiling;Liu, Zhenqiang;Xu, Huilan;Wang, Jianwu. And the article was included in Journal of Separation Science in 2022.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

Herein, an improved method for detecting the endocrine-disrupting chems. in milk is presented, which is based on high performance liquid chromatog. tandem mass spectrometry, coupled with a quick, effective, and safe method. The linearity of the proposed method was in the range of 0.05-100μg/L, and all correlation coefficients were â‰?.9973. At three concentration levels, the spiked recoveries ranged from 77.7 to 107.5%, relative standard deviations ranged from 0.2 to 14.6%, limits of quantitation ranged from 0.1 to 40μg/kg, limits of detection ranged from 0.03 to 13.3μg/kg. The proposed method for the identification and quantitation of 26 endocrine disruptors present in milk is not only easy, fast, and cost-efficient but also provides a reference for the detection of various endocrine disruptors in milk and other dairy products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine: A new scaffold for human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors was written by Crocetti, Letizia;Giovannoni, Maria Paola;Schepetkin, Igor A.;Quinn, Mark T.;Khlebnikov, Andrei I.;Cantini, Niccolo;Guerrini, Gabriella;Iacovone, Antonella;Teodori, Elisabetta;Vergelli, Claudia. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Application of 1711-11-1 This article mentions the following:

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a potent serine protease belonging to the chymotrypsin family. It is an important target for the development of novel and selective inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, especially pulmonary pathologies. Here, we report the synthesis and biol. evaluation of a new series of HNE inhibitors with a pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine scaffold, which is an isomer of our previously reported indazoles, in order to assess how a shift of the nitrogen from position 2 to position 7 influences activity. The majority of new compounds were effective HNE inhibitors and had IC₅₀ values in the micromolar/submicromolar range, with some compounds active in low nanomolar levels. For example, 2a and 2b inhibited HNE with IC₅₀ values of 15 and 14 nM, resp. Mol. modeling of compounds differing in the position of heteroatom(s) in the bicyclic moiety and in the oxadiazole ring demonstrated that the calculated geometries of enzyme-inhibitor complexes were in agreement with the observed biol. activities. Docking experiments showed that orientation of the active pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines in the HNE catalytic triad Ser195-His57-Asp102 correlated with effectiveness of the inhibitor interaction with the enzyme. Thus, the pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine scaffold represents a novel scaffold for the development of potent HNE inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1Application of 1711-11-1).

3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Application of 1711-11-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of oil blends derived from catalytic pyrolysis of waste cooking oil on diesel engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics was written by Gad, M. S.;Abu-Elyazeed, O. S.;Mohamed, M. A.;Hashim, A. M.. And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2021.COA of Formula: C18H37Cl This article mentions the following:

The purpose of this study is to study the effect of pyrolysis oil from economical feedstock waste cooking oil on engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics. Effect of potassium and sodium hydroxide catalysts concentrations of 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10% by weight on the oil yield was investigated. NaOH catalyst achieved the highest oil yield of 70% weight at concentration of 1% weight Pyrolysis oil was mixed with diesel oil in volume percentages of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. Oil blends were tested in a diesel engine at variable loads and rated speed of 1500 rpm. The higher oil blend ratio decreased the thermal efficiency, NOx and CO emissions about diesel oil. Increase of oil percentage in the blends led to the increase of specific fuel consumption, smoke and HC emissions about diesel oil. The oil blend B100 achieved the maximum decreases in thermal efficiency, CO and NOx emission by 29, 45 and 65%, resp. about pure diesel. Also, pure pyrolysis oil B100 showed the maximum increases in specific fuel consumption, HC and smoke emissions by 28.3, 33 and 11%, resp. related to diesel oil. Pyrolysis WCO could be alternative fuels in diesel engines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2COA of Formula: C18H37Cl).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.COA of Formula: C18H37Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Modified TiO₂ nanotubes-zeolite composite photocatalyst: Characteristics, microstructure and applicability for degrading triclocarban was written by Arifin, Siti Nor Hidayah;Radin Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira;Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali;Wei, Lai Chin;Yashni, G.;Fitriani, Nurina;Naushad, Mu.;Albadarin, Ahmad B.. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

The study explored the characteristics and effectiveness of modified TiO₂ nanotubes with zeolite as a composite photocatalyst (MTNZC) for the degradation of triclocarban (TCC) from the aqueous solution MTNZC samples have been produced via electrochem. anodisation (ECA) followed by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Three independent factors selected include MTNZC size (0.5-1 cm2), pH (3-10), and irradiation time (10-60 min). The observation revealed that the surface of Ti substrate by the 40 V of anodisation and 3 h of calcination was covered with the array ordered, smooth and optimum elongated nanotubes with average tube length was approx. 5.1μm. EDS anal. proved the presence of Si, Mg, Al, and Na on MTNZC due to the chem. composition present in the zeolite. The average crystallite size of TiO₂ nanotubes increased from 2.07 to 3.95 nm by increasing anodisation voltage (10, 40, and 60 V) followed by 450°C of calcination for 1, 3, and 6 h, resp. The optimization by RSM shows the F-value (36.12), the p-value of all responses were less than 0.0001, and the 95% confidence level of the model by all the responses indicated the model was significant. The R2 in the range of 0.9433-0.9906 showed the suitability of the model to represent the actual relationship among the parameters. The photocatalytic degradation rate of TCC from the first and the fifth cycles were 94.2 and 77.4%, indicating the applicability of MTNZC to be used for several cycles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2HPLC of Formula: 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).HPLC of Formula: 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organic contaminants in human breast milk identified by non-targeted analysis was written by Tran, Cuong D.;Dodder, Nathan G.;Quintana, Penelope J. E.;Watanabe, Kayo;Kim, Jae H.;Hovell, Melbourne F.;Chambers, Christina D.;Hoh, Eunha. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2020.Computed Properties of C8H10ClN This article mentions the following:

Understanding the health implications of human exposure to mixtures of chem. contaminants is aided by anal. methods that can screen for a broad range of both expected and unexpected compounds We performed a proof-of-concept anal. combining human breast milk, a biomonitoring matrix for determining contaminant exposure to mothers and infants, with a non-targeted method based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog. coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOF-MS). A total of 172 presumably anthropogenic halogenated compounds and non-halogenated cyclic and aromatic compounds were tentatively identified in breast milk from San Diego, California through mass spectral database searches. Forty of the compounds were prioritized for confirmation based on halogenation or 100% frequency of detection, and the identities of 30 were verified using authentic standards Thirty-four (85%) of the prioritized contaminants are not typically monitored in breast milk surveys, and 31 (77%) are regulated in at least one market worldwide, indicating breast milk may be a useful biomonitoring matrix for non-targeted anal. and the assessment of human exposure to future emerging or undiscovered contaminants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1Computed Properties of C8H10ClN).

2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Computed Properties of C8H10ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Optimisation of the Anti-Trypanosoma brucei Activity of the Opioid Agonist U50488 was written by Smith, Victoria C.;Cleghorn, Laura A. T.;Woodland, Andrew;Spinks, Daniel;Hallyburton, Irene;Collie, Iain T.;Mok, N. Yi;Norval, Suzanne;Brenk, Ruth;Fairlamb, Alan H.;Frearson, Julie A.;Read, Kevin D.;Gilbert, Ian H.;Wyatt, Paul G.. And the article was included in ChemMedChem in 2011.Formula: C9H9ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Screening of the Sigma-Aldrich Library of Pharmacol. Active Compounds (LOPAC) against cultured Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African sleeping sickness, resulted in the identification of a number of compounds with selective antiproliferative activity over mammalian cells. These included (+)-(1R,2R)-U50488 (I), a weak opioid agonist with an EC₅₀ value of 59 nM as determined in a T. brucei in vitro assay reported previously. This paper describes the modification of key structural elements of U50488 to investigate structure-activity relationships (SAR) and to optimize the antiproliferative activity and pharmacokinetic properties of this compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0Formula: C9H9ClO2).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Formula: C9H9ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structural and Thermodynamic Model for the Activation of Cardiac Troponin was written by Poppe, Leszek;Hartman, James J.;Romero, Antonio;Reagan, Jeffrey D.. And the article was included in Biochemistry in 2022.SDS of cas: 76-83-5 This article mentions the following:

Cardiac troponin is a regulatory protein complex located on the sarcomere that regulates the engagement of myosin on actin filaments. Low-mol. weight modulators of troponin that bind allosterically with the calcium ion have the potential to improve cardiac contractility in patients with reduced cardiac function. Here we propose an approach to the rational design of troponin modulators through the combined use of solution NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry methods. In contrast to traditional approaches limited to calcium and activator-bound troponin structures, here we analyzed the structural and thermodn. impact of an activator in the context of the troponin functional cycle. This led us to propose a rationale for developing an efficacious troponin activator. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5SDS of cas: 76-83-5).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.SDS of cas: 76-83-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and antidiabetic activity of N’-[3-(alkyl/aryl substituted)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidinylidene]-2-(2-pyrazinyloxy)acetohydrazide was written by Verma, Prabhakar;Kamboj, Vipan. And the article was included in Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia in 2010.Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS This article mentions the following:

2-(2-Pyrazinyloxy)acetic acid 2-(3-alkyl-4-oxo-2-thiazolidinylidene)hydrazide and 2-(2-pyrazinyloxy)acetic acid 2-(3-aryl-4-oxo-2-thiazolidinylidene)hydrazide derivatives were designed for a study of their biol. activity, the synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using 2(1H)-pyrazinone, chloroacetic acid Et ester and isothiocyanates as starting materials and the products thus obtained were confirmed by m.p., TLC, UV, IR, NMR. The title compounds were evaluated in a dexamethasone-induced hyperglycemia model and hyperinsulinemia model and it was discovered that these compounds displayed activity as antidiabetic agents with reduced toxicity in comparison with rosiglitazone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Arylsulfonic acid derivatives. XIII. Synthesis and biological activity of mono- and bis-β-chloroethylsulfonamides was written by Grigoryan, L. A.;Kaldrikyan, M. A.;Paronikyan, G. M.;Akopyan, L. G.. And the article was included in Armyanskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal in 1983.Computed Properties of C10H13ClO3S This article mentions the following:

p-ROC₆H₄SO₂Cl (R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, Me₂CHCH₂) reacted with ethylenimine in MeOH and with (ClCH₂CH₂)₂NH.HCl in refluxing pyridine to give 10 p-ROC₆H₄SO₂NR¹CH₂CH₂Cl [I; R¹ = H (II), CH₂CH₂Cl, resp.] in 65-76% yield. Treating II with CH₂:CHCN in aqueous Et₃N gave 5 I (R¹ = CH₂CH₂CN) in 65-72% yield. II (R = Et) reacted with NaNO₂ in dilute AcOH to give 62.5% I (R = Et, R¹ = NO). II had mutagenic activity, but none of the products had significant antitumor or hypoglycemic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3Computed Properties of C10H13ClO3S).

4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Computed Properties of C10H13ClO3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics