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The author of 《Enhancing the Ion-Size-Based Selectivity of Capacitive Deionization Electrodes》 were Guyes, Eric N.; Malka, Tahel; Suss, Matthew E.. And the article was published in Environmental Science & Technology in 2019. Application In Synthesis of Sodium chloride The author mentioned the following in the article:

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging water treatment technol. often applied to brackish water desalination and water softening. Typical CDI cells consist of two microporous carbon electrodes sandwiching a dielec. separator, and desalt feedwater flowing through the cell by storing ions in elec. double layers (EDLs) within charged micropores. CDI cells have demonstrated size-based ion selectivity wherein smaller hydrated ions are preferentially electrosorbed over larger hydrated ions. We demonstrate that such size-based selectivity can be substantially enhanced through the addition of chem. charge to micropores via surface functionalization. We develop a micropore EDL theory that includes both finite ion size effects and micropore chem. charge, which predicts such enhancements and elucidates that they result from denser counterion packing in micropores. With our exptl. CDI cell, we desalted an electrolyte consisting of equimolar potassium (K+) and lithium (Li+) ions. We show that use of a surface-functionalized (oxidized) cathode significantly increased the electrosorption ratio of smaller K+ to larger Li+ compared to a cell with a pristine cathode, for example, from ∼1 to 1.84 for a charging voltage of 0.4 V. Our model predicts yet-higher electrosorption ratios are attainable, but our exptl. cell suffered from significant cathode chem. charge degradation at applied voltages of ∼1 V. In addition to this study using Sodium chloride, there are many other studies that have used Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Application In Synthesis of Sodium chloride) was used in this study.

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Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2019,Journal of Physical Chemistry B included an article by Gregson, F. K. A.; Robinson, J. F.; Miles, R. E. H.; Royall, C. P.; Reid, J. P.. Safety of Sodium chloride. The article was titled 《Drying Kinetics of Salt Solution Droplets: Water Evaporation Rates and Crystallization》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Drying and crystallization of solution droplets is a problem of broad relevance, determining the microstructures of particles formed in spray-drying, the phase of particles delivered by, for example, aerosol formulations for inhalation therapies, and the impact of aerosols on radiative forcing and climate. The ephemeral nature of free droplets, particularly when considering the drying kinetics of droplets with highly volatile constituents, has often precluded the accurate measurement of transient properties such as droplet size and composition, preventing the robust assessment of predictive models of droplet-drying rates, nucleation, and crystallization Here, the authors report novel measurements of the drying kinetics of individual aqueous sodium chloride solution droplets using an electrodynamic balance to isolate and trap single aerosol droplets (radius ≈ 25 μm). The initial solution droplet size and composition are highly reproducible in terms of drying rate and crystallization time when examined over hundreds of identical evaporating droplets. The authors introduce a numerical model that determines the concentration gradient across the radial profile of the droplet as it dries, considering both the surface recession because of evaporation and the diffusion of components within the droplet. Drying-induced crystallization is fully determined for this system, with nucleation and instantaneous crystallization occurring once a critical supersaturation level of 2.04 ± 0.02 is achieved at the surface of the evaporating droplet. This phenomenol. model provides a consistent account of the timescale and surface concentration of free-droplet crystallization on drying for the different drying conditions studied, a necessary step in progress toward achieving control over rates of crystallization and the competitive formation of amorphous particles. The experimental process involved the reaction of Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Safety of Sodium chloride)

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Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

HPLC of Formula: 7647-14-5In 2019 ,《The Sommerfeld ground-wave limit for a molecule adsorbed at a surface》 was published in Science (Washington, DC, United States). The article was written by Chen, Li; Lau, Jascha A.; Schwarzer, Dirk; Meyer, Joerg; Verma, Varun B.; Wodtke, Alec M.. The article contains the following contents:

Using a mid-IR emission spectrometer based on a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, we observed the dynamics of vibrational energy pooling of carbon monoxide (CO) adsorbed at the surface of a sodium chloride (NaCl) crystal. After exciting a majority of the CO mols. to their first vibrationally excited state (v = 1), we observed IR emission from states up to v = 27. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations showed that vibrational energy collects in a few CO mols. at the expense of those up to eight lattice sites away by selective excitation of NaCl’s transverse phonons. The vibrating CO mols. behave like classical oscillating dipoles, losing their energy to NaCl lattice vibrations via the electromagnetic near-field. This is analogous to Sommerfeld’s description of radio transmission along Earth’s surface by ground waves. After reading the article, we found that the author used Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5HPLC of Formula: 7647-14-5)

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Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application In Synthesis of Sodium chlorideIn 2019 ,《Simulations of NaCl Aggregation from Solution: Solvent Determines Topography of Free Energy Landscape》 was published in Journal of Computational Chemistry. The article was written by Patel, Lara A.; Kindt, James T.. The article contains the following contents:

The partition-enabled anal. of cluster histograms (PEACH) method is used to calculate the free energy surface of NaCl aggregation using cluster statistics from MD simulations of small systems (40-90 ions plus solvent) in four solvents. In all cases (pure methanol, pure water, and two methanol/water mixtures) NaCl clusters show a transition from amorphous to rocksalt structure with increasing cluster size. The crossover sizes, and the apparent kinetic barrier to ordering, increase with increasing water content. Implications for the proposed two-step mechanism of NaCl crystal nucleation (in which the ordered structure emerges from a large disordered cluster), and how this mechanism might depend on solvent and on degree of supersaturation, are discussed. In pure water, nonideal crowding effects that promote clustering are identified from systematic concentration-dependent deviations between simulation results and the PEACH model fit. In contrast, the ability of PEACH to fit aggregation statistics in mixed solvents is consistent with negligible interactions between ions in different clusters. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Application In Synthesis of Sodium chloride) was used in this study.

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.Application In Synthesis of Sodium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recommanded Product: 7647-14-5In 2019 ,《Membrane lipid remodeling in response to salinity》 appeared in International Journal of Molecular Sciences. The author of the article were Guo, Qi; Liu, Lei; Barkla, Bronwyn J.. The article conveys some information:

A review. Salinity is one of the most decisive environmental factors threatening the productivity of crop plants. Understanding the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance is critical to be able to maintain or improve crop yield under these adverse environmental conditions. Plant membranes act as biol. barriers, protecting the contents of cells and organelles from biotic and abiotic stress, including salt stress. Alterations in membrane lipids in response to salinity have been observed in a number of plant species including both halophytes and glycophytes. Changes in membrane lipids can directly affect the properties of membrane proteins and activity of signaling mols., adjusting the fluidity and permeability of membranes, and activating signal transduction pathways. In this review, we compile evidence on the salt stress responses of the major membrane lipids from different plant tissues, varieties, and species. The role of membrane lipids as signaling mols. in response to salinity is also discussed. Advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques have largely expanded our knowledge of salt-induced changes in lipids, however only a handful studies have investigated the underlying mechanisms of membrane lipidome regulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent works that have been carried out on lipid remodeling of plant membranes under salt treatment. Challenges and future perspectives in understanding the mechanisms of salt-induced changes to lipid metabolisms are proposed. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Recommanded Product: 7647-14-5)

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Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

HPLC of Formula: 7647-14-5In 2021 ,《Flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): Recent developments, environmental applications, and future perspectives》 appeared in Environmental Science & Technology. The author of the article were Zhang, Changyong; Ma, Jinxing; Wu, Lei; Sun, Jingyi; Wang, Li; Li, Tianyu; Waite, T. David. The article conveys some information:

A review. With the increasing severity of global water scarcity, a myriad of scientific activities is directed toward advancing brackish water desalination and wastewater remediation technologies. Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), a newly developed electrochem. driven ion removal approach combining ion-exchange membranes and flowable particle electrodes, has been actively explored over the past seven years, driven by the possibility of energy-efficient, sustainable, and fully continuous production of high-quality fresh water, as well as flexible management of the particle electrodes and concentrate stream. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of current advances of this interesting technol. with particular attention given to FCDI principles, designs (including cell architecture and electrode and separator options), operational modes (including approaches to management of the flowable electrodes), characterizations and modeling, and environmental applications (including water desalination, resource recovery, and contaminant abatement). Furthermore, we introduce the definitions and performance metrics that should be used so that fair assessments and comparisons can be made between different systems and separation conditions. We then highlight the most pressing challenges (i.e., operation and capital cost, scale-up, and commercialization) in the full-scale application of this technol. We conclude this state-of-the-art review by considering the overall outlook of the technol. and discussing areas requiring particular attention in the future.Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5HPLC of Formula: 7647-14-5) was used in this study.

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Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The author of 《Transport characteristics of Fujifilm ion-exchange membranes as compared to homogeneous membranes AMX and CMX and to heterogeneous membranes MK-40 and MA-41》 were Sarapulova, Veronika; Shkorkina, Inna; Mareev, Semyon; Pismenskaya, Natalia; Kononenko, Natalia; Larchet, Christian; Dammak, Lasaad; Nikonenko, Victor. And the article was published in Membranes (Basel, Switzerland) in 2019. Safety of Sodium chloride The author mentioned the following in the article:

Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) find more and more applications; the success of an application depends on the properties of the membranes selected for its realization. For the first time, the results of a comprehensive characterization of the transport properties of IEMs from three manufactures (Astom, Japan; Shchekinoazot, Russia; and Fujifilm, The Netherlands) are reported. Our own and literature data are presented and analyzed using the microheterogeneous model. Homogeneous Neosepta AMX and CMX (Astom), heterogeneous MA-41 and MK-40 (Shchekinoazot), and AEM Type-I, AEM Type-II, AEM Type-X, as well as CEM Type-I, CEM Type-II, and CEM Type-X produced by the electrospinning method (Fujifilm) were studied. The concentration dependencies of the conductivity, diffusion permeability, as well as the real and apparent ion transport numbers in these membranes were measured. The counterion transport number characterizing the membrane permselectivity increases in the following order: CEM Type-I ≃ MA-41 < AEM Type-I < MK-40 < CMX ≃ CEM Type-II ≃ CEM Type-X ≃ AEM Type-II < AMX < AEM Type-X. It is shown that the properties of the AEM Type-I and CEM Type-I membranes are close to those of the heterogeneous MA-41 and MK-40 membranes, while the properties of Fujifilm Type-II and Type-X membranes are close to those of the homogeneous AMX and CMX membranes. This difference is related to the fact that the Type-I membranes have a relatively high parameter f2, the volume fraction of the electroneutral solution filling the intergel spaces. This high value is apparently due to the open-ended pores, formed by the reinforcing fabric filaments of the Type-I membranes, which protrude above the surface of these membranes. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Safety of Sodium chloride)

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Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The author of 《Beyond the Gouy-Chapman Model with Heterodyne-Detected Second Harmonic Generation》 were Ohno, Paul E.; Chang, HanByul; Spencer, Austin P.; Liu, Yangdongling; Boamah, Mavis D.; Wang, Hong-fei; Geiger, Franz M.. And the article was published in Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters in 2019. Reference of Sodium chloride The author mentioned the following in the article:

We report ionic strength-dependent phase shifts in second harmonic generation (SHG) signals from charged interfaces that verify a recent model in which dispersion between the fundamental and second harmonic beams modulates observed signal intensities. We show how phase information can be used to unambiguously sep. the χ(2) and interfacial potential-dependent χ(3) terms that contribute to the total signal and provide a path to test primitive ion models and mean field theories for the elec. double layer with experiments to which theory must conform. Finally, we demonstrate the new method on supported lipid bilayers and comment on the ability of our new instrument to identify hyper-Rayleigh scattering contributions to common homodyne SHG measurements in reflection geometries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Reference of Sodium chloride)

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.Reference of Sodium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The author of 《Integrated Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization and Microfiltration System for Continuous and Energy-Efficient Brackish Water Desalination》 were Zhang, Changyong; Wu, Lei; Ma, Jinxing; Pham, A. Ninh; Wang, Min; Waite, T. David. And the article was published in Environmental Science & Technology in 2019. Product Details of 7647-14-5 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is an emerging electrochem.-driven technol. for brackish and/or sea water desalination with merits of large salt adsorption capacity, high flow efficiency and easy electrode management. While FCDI holds promise for continuous operation, there are very few investigations in regard to the regeneration/reuse of flowable electrodes and the separation of brine from electrodes with these operations prerequisites for real non-intermittent water desalination. In this study, we propose a novel module design to achieve these critical steps involving integration of an FCDI cell and a ceramic microfiltration (MF) contactor. Our investigations reveal that the brine discharge rate is the dominant factor for stable and efficient operation of the integrated module. Results obtained show that the integrated FCDI/MF system can be used to successfully sep. brackish water (of salinities 1, 2 and 5 g L-1) into both a potable stream (<0.5 g L-1) and a brine stream (concentrated 2-20 times) in a continuous manner with extremely high water recovery rates (up to 97%) and reasonable energy consumption. Another notable characteristic of the integrated system is the high thermodn. energy efficiency (∼30%) with such efficiencies 4-5 times larger than those of conventional CDI units and comparable to RO plants achieving similar separations In brief, the results of studies described here indicate that continuous and efficient operation of FCDI is a real possibility and pave the way for scale-up of this emerging technol. In addition to this study using Sodium chloride, there are many other studies that have used Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Product Details of 7647-14-5) was used in this study.

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.Product Details of 7647-14-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2019,Journal of Magnesium and Alloys included an article by Acharya, M. Gururaj; Shetty, A. Nityanansda. SDS of cas: 7647-14-5. The article was titled 《The corrosion behavior of AZ31 alloy in chloride and sulfate media – A comparative study through electrochemical investigations》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The magnesium alloys are considered to be the best structural materials, because of their advantageous weight to strength ratio. But, the limitation in their real field applications lies on the fact that magnesium alloys are highly susceptible for corrosion. The corrosion behavior of AZ31 alloy was investigated by electrochem. methods in sodium chloride and sodium sulfate of different concentrations at different temperatures The corrosion rate was monitored by potentiodynamic polarization technique and electrochem. impedance spectroscopy method. The surface morphol. and surface composition of the freshly polished surface of the alloy was compared with that of the corroded surface by recording their SEM images and EDS, resp. The results showed that the corrosion rate of AZ31 alloy increased with the increase in the temperature of the medium and also with the increase in the salt concentration of the medium. The activation parameters for the corrosion process were calculated and interpreted. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5SDS of cas: 7647-14-5)

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Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics