Category: 7647-14-5

《Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) scale-up using a membrane stack configuration》 was written by Ma, Jinxing; Ma, Junjun; Zhang, Changyong; Song, Jingke; Dong, Wenjia; Waite, T. David. Product Details of 7647-14-5 And the article was included in Water Research in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is an attractive variant of CDI with distinct advantages over fixed electrode CDI including the capability for seawater desalination, high flow efficiency and easy management of the electrodes. Challenges exist however in increasing treatment capacity with this attempted here through use of a membrane stack configuration. By comparison of standardised metrics (in particular, average salt removal rate (ASRR), energy normalized removed salt (ENRS) and productivity), results show that that an FCDI system with two pairs of ion exchange membranes had the highest efficiency in desalting a brackish influent (1000 mg L-1) to potable levels (∼150 mg L-1) at higher ASRR and ENRS. Further increase in the number of membrane pairs resulted in a decrease in current efficiency, likely as a result of the dominance of electrodialysis. Results of this study provide proof of concept that (semi-)continuous desalination can be achieved in FCDI at high energy efficiency (13.8%-20.2%) and productivity (> 100 L m-2 h-1) and, importantly, provide insight into possible approaches to scaling up FCDI such that energy-efficient water desalination can be achieved. After reading the article, we found that the author used Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Product Details of 7647-14-5)

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.Product Details of 7647-14-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Product Details of 7647-14-5In 2020 ,《Capacitive deionization for wastewater treatment: Opportunities and challenges》 appeared in Chemosphere. The author of the article were Kalfa, Ayelet; Shapira, Barak; Shopin, Alexey; Cohen, Izaak; Avraham, Eran; Aurbach, Doron. The article conveys some information:

A review. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging method for removal of charged ionic species from aqueous solutions, based on electrostatic interactions between (mostly) inorganic ions and porous carbon electrodes. Inspection of recent publications related to CDI processes, revealed that the majority of the publications are related to the removal of salt (NaCl) from the water (desalination) or electrosorption processes. However, such a water desalination is only one process in the improvement of the quality water, it is interesting to review the literature in the context of CDI processes for other water treatment processes. Herein wastewater treatments are discussed. In this paper, we critically review the last publications that relate to capacitive deionization with wastewater treatments. Since wastewater treatments may involve broad aspects, we address in this review four specific water treatment processes that are thought to be connected with CDI processes: organic fouling of CDI cells, removal of heavy metals by CDI processes, removal of organic micropollutants with CDI processes and disinfection with CDI processes. We also evaluate herein the status of several research efforts in this area and suggest future directions.Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Product Details of 7647-14-5) was used in this study.

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.Product Details of 7647-14-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Crystallization-Driven Flows within Evaporating Aqueous Saline Droplets》 was published in Langmuir in 2020. These research results belong to Efstratiou, Marina; Christy, John; Sefiane, Khellil. HPLC of Formula: 7647-14-5 The article mentions the following:

Using micro-PIV (particle image velocimetry), the authors observe for the 1st time, the direct correlation between crystallization and hydrodynamics in evaporating microliter saline (1 M NaCl) sessile drops. The relation is demonstrated by a remarkable jet of liquid along the base of the drops, induced by, and directed at the point of nucleation and subsequent crystal growth. Prior to nucleation, the flow is more uniformly outward with the magnitude of the velocity decreasing with time. From calculations and the flow measurements in the 2 observed stages of evaporation (prior to nucleation and during crystallization), this jet can be explained from competition between solutal Marangoni convection and mass conservation flow. The jet of fluid leads to vortices on either side of the crystal in which the salt concentration is reduced, providing a potential explanation as to why NaCl deposits as a sequence of discrete crystals rather than as a continuous ring for such drops. In addition to this study using Sodium chloride, there are many other studies that have used Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5HPLC of Formula: 7647-14-5) was used in this study.

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.HPLC of Formula: 7647-14-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The author of 《Slippery for scaling resistance in membrane distillation: A novel porous micropillared superhydrophobic surface》 were Xiao, Zechun; Zheng, Rui; Liu, Yongjie; He, Hailong; Yuan, Xiaofei; Ji, Yunhui; Li, Dongdong; Yin, Huabing; Zhang, Yuebiao; Li, Xue-Mei; He, Tao. And the article was published in Water Research in 2019. Formula: ClNa The author mentioned the following in the article:

Scaling in membrane distillation (MD) is a key issue in desalination of concentrated saline water, where the interface property between the membrane and the feed become critical In this paper, a slippery mechanism was explored as an innovative concept to understand the scaling behavior in membrane distillation for a soluble salt, NaCl. The investigation was based on a novel design of a superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with micro-pillar arrays (MP-PVDF) using a micromolding phase separation (μPS) method. The membrane showed a contact angle of 166.0 ± 2.3° and the sliding angle of 15.8 ± 3.3°. After CF4 plasma treatment, the resultant membrane (CF4-MP-PVDF) showed a reduced sliding angle of 3.0°. In direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD), the CF4-MP-PVDF membrane illustrated excellent anti-scaling in concentrating saturated NaCl feed. Characterization of the used membranes showed that aggregation of NaCl crystals occurred on the control PVDF and MP-PVDF membranes, but not on the CF4-MP-PVDF membrane. To understand this phenomenon, a “”slippery”” theory was introduced and correlated the sliding angle to the slippery surface of CF4-MP-PVDF and its anti-scaling property. This work proposed a well-defined phys. and theor. platform for investigating scaling problems in membrane distillation and beyond. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Formula: ClNa)

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.Formula: ClNa

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Category: chlorides-buliding-blocksIn 2019 ,《Na3V2(PO4)3@C as Faradaic Electrodes in Capacitive Deionization for High-Performance Desalination》 was published in Nano Letters. The article was written by Cao, Jianglin; Wang, Ying; Wang, Lei; Yu, Fei; Ma, Jie. The article contains the following contents:

Among various desalination technologies, capacitive deionization (CDI) has rapidly developed because of its low energy consumption and environmental compatibility, among other factors. Traditional CDI stores ions within the elec. double layers (EDLs) in the nanopores of the carbon electrode, but carbon anode oxidation, the co-ion expulsion effect, and a low salt adsorption capacity (SAC) block its further application. Here, the Faradaic-based electrode is proposed to overcome the above limitations, offering an ultrahigh adsorption capacity and a rapid removal rate. The open framework structure Na3V2(PO4)3@C is applied for the 1st time as a novel Faradaic electrode in the hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) system. During the adsorption and desorption process, Na ions are intercalated/deintercalated through the crystal structure of Na3V2(PO4)3@C while Cl- are phys. trapped or released by the activated C electrode. Different concentrations of feedwater are studied, and a high SAC of 137.20 mg NaCl/g NVP@C and low energy consumption of 2.157 Kg NaCl/KWh are observed at a constant voltage of 1.0 V, a concentration of 100mM, and a flow rate of 15 mL/min. The outstanding performance of the Na3V2(PO4)3@C Faradaic electrode demonstrates that it is a promising material for desalination and that HCDI offers great future potential. The experimental process involved the reaction of Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks)

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Computed Properties of ClNaIn 2019 ,《Thin film nanocomposite hollow fiber membranes comprising Na+-functionalized carbon quantum dots for brackish water desalination》 was published in Water Research. The article was written by Gai, Wenxiao; Zhao, Die Ling; Chung, Tai-Shung. The article contains the following contents:

We have incorporated Na+-functionalized carbon quantum dots (Na-CQDs) into the polyamide layer via interfacial polymerization reaction and developed novel thin film nanocomposite (TFN) hollow fiber membranes for brackish water desalination. Comparing with the conventional thin film composite (TFC) membranes, the TFN membranes comprising Na-CQDs have a larger effective surface area, thinner polyamide layer and more hydrophilic oxygen-containing groups in the polyamide layer. Besides, the interstitial space among the polyamide chains becomes larger due to the presence of Na-CQDs. As a result, the incorporation of 1 wt% Na-CQDs into the polyamide layer could improve the pure water permeability (PWP) of the membranes from 1.74 LMH/bar to 2.56 LMH/bar by 47.1% without compromising their NaCl rejection of 97.7%. Interestingly, stabilization of the TFN hollow fiber membranes containing 1 wt% Na-CQDs at 23 bar could further promote the PWP to 4.27 LMH/bar and the salt rejection to 98.6% under the same testing conditions due to the deformation of the membranes under a high hydraulic pressure. When using a 2000 ppm NaCl aqueous solution as the feed, the optimal water flux and rejection of the newly developed TFN membranes at 15 bar are 57.65 ± 3.26 LMH and 98.6% ± 0.35% resp. The Na-CQDs incorporated TFN hollow fiber membranes show promising applications in the field of brackish water desalination. The experimental process involved the reaction of Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Computed Properties of ClNa)

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.Computed Properties of ClNa

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Electric Literature of ClNaIn 2020 ,《Osmotic adjustment and energy limitations to plant growth in saline soil》 appeared in New Phytologist. The author of the article were Munns, Rana; Passioura, John B.; Colmer, Timothy D.; Byrt, Caitlin S.. The article conveys some information:

A review. Summary : Plant roots must exclude almost all of the Na+ and Cl- in saline soil while taking up water, otherwise these ions would build up to high concentrations in leaves. Plants evaporate c. 50 times more water than they retain, so 98% exclusion would result in shoot NaCl concentrations equal to that of the external medium. Taking up just 2% of the NaCl allows a plant to osmotically adjust the Na+ and Cl- in vacuoles, while organic solutes provide the balancing osmotic pressure in the cytoplasm. We quantify the costs of this exclusion by roots, the regulation of Na+ and Cl- transport through the plant, and the costs of osmotic adjustment with organic solutes in roots. In addition to this study using Sodium chloride, there are many other studies that have used Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Electric Literature of ClNa) was used in this study.

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.Electric Literature of ClNa

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Category: chlorides-buliding-blocksIn 2019 ,《Physicochemical properties and gluten structures of hard wheat flour doughs as affected by salt》 was published in Food Chemistry. The article was written by Chen, Gengjun; Ehmke, Laura; Sharma, Chetan; Miller, Rebecca; Faa, Pierre; Smith, Gordon; Li, Yonghui. The article contains the following contents:

Hard wheat flour doughs were prepared with five different levels of sodium chloride, and rheol. properties were characterized. Zeta potential, disulfide-sulfhydryl groups, surface hydrophobicity, secondary structure, and extractable gliadin and glutenin of gluten were analyzed to elucidate gluten structure changes induced by salt. Addition of higher levels of salt (2.0 and 2.4%, fwb) in doughs resulted in larger storage and loss modulus, and elongational viscosity. Starch gelatinization temperatures increased with higher amounts of salt. The presence of salt decreased the free sulfhydryl content but increased the β-sheet structure of gluten. RP-HPLC indicated that salt enhanced the macromol. aggregation of gluten proteins. The changes in gluten mol. conformation and network structure induced by salt significantly contributed to the improved physicochem. properties of dough. This study provides a better understanding of salt functionality in hard wheat flour dough and a valuable guide in searching for salt alternatives for bakery products.Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks) was used in this study.

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Corrosion protection mechanism of Ce4+/organic inhibitor for AA2024 in 3.5% NaCl》 was published in RSC Advances in 2020. These research results belong to Gobara, Mohamed; Baraka, Ahmad; Akid, Robert; Zorainy, Mahmoud. Name: Sodium chloride The article mentions the following:

Cerium is a rare earth element that has been widely proposed for the corrosion protection of aluminum alloys (AA). Both cerium salts, Ce3+ and Ce4+, have been used in combination with other compounds to offer synergistic inhibition, however, the inhibitive corrosion mechanism when using Ce4+ with organic compounds is still not clear. In this study, the synergistic inhibition effect of Ce4+ and melamine (M) on the corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024 (AA2024) in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated. Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP) and Electrochem. Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used to study the synergistic effect of different Ce4+/M ratios on the corrosion behavior of AA2024. The PDP study showed that a combination of 50% Ce4+ and 50% M leads to the lowest corrosion rates, both acting as cathodic inhibitors. Both PDP and EIS results indicated that M or Ce4+ in isolation did not offer effective corrosion protection, while the combination of M and Ce4+ significantly enhances the corrosion protection with a synergism parameter equal to 3.5. SEM and EDX observations confirm the findings from the electrochem. techniques. A new mechanism of corrosion synergistic inhibition by Ce4+ and organic compounds is postulated where the role of the organic compounds is to enhance the reduction of Ce4+. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Name: Sodium chloride)

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.Name: Sodium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The author of 《Selective adsorption of nitrate over chloride in microporous carbons》 were Mubita, T. M.; Dykstra, J. E.; Biesheuvel, P. M.; van der Wal, A.; Porada, S.. And the article was published in Water Research in 2019. Product Details of 7647-14-5 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Activated carbon is the most common electrode material used in electrosorption processes such as water desalination with capacitive deionization (CDI). In the present work, we study ion selectivity from salt mixtures with two different monovalent ions, chloride and nitrate. We run adsorption experiment in microporous carbons (i.e., without applying a voltage), as well as electrosorption experiments (i.e., based on applying a voltage between two carbon electrodes). Our results show that i. during adsorption and electrosorption, activated carbon removes much more nitrate than chloride; ii. at equilibrium, ion selectivity does not depend strongly on the composition of the water, but does depend on charging voltage in CDI; and iii. during electrosorption, ion selectivity is time-dependent. We modify the amphoteric Donnan model by including an addnl. affinity of nitrate to carbon. We find good agreement between our exptl. results and the theory. Despite this decrease, the affinity-effect for nitrate continues to play an important role also at a high voltage. In general, we can conclude that our work provides new insights in the importance of carbon-ion interactions for electrochem. water desalination. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5Product Details of 7647-14-5)

Sodium chloride(cas: 7647-14-5) has been used for the preparation of tris buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, MPM-2 (mitotic protein monoclonal 2) cell lysis buffer, immunoprecipitation wash buffer, LB (Luria-Bertani) media and dialysis buffer.Product Details of 7647-14-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics