Category: 1592-20-7

Cazotti, Jaime C.; Fritz, Alexander T.; Garcia-Valdez, Omar; Smeets, Niels M. B.; Dube, Marc A.; Cunningham, Michael F. published the artcile< Graft Modification of Starch Nanoparticles Using Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization and the ""Grafting to"" Approach>, HPLC of Formula: 1592-20-7, the main research area is graft starch nanoparticle nitroxide polymerization Grafting.

Starch nanoparticles (SNP) were modified with synthetic polymers using the “”grafting to”” approach and nitroxide-mediated polymerization SG1-capped poly(Me methacrylate-co-styrene) (P(MMA-co-S)) copolymers with low dispersity and high degree of livingness were first synthesized in bulk. These macroalkoxyamines were then grafted to vinyl benzyl-functionalized SNP to obtain biosynthetic hybrids. The grafted materials, SNP-g-P(MMA-co-S), were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, TGA, and elemental anal. The total amount of grafted polymer and the grafting efficiency were evaluated for different mol. weights (5870-12150 g·mol-1) of the grafted polymer, the polymer addition approach (batch or semibatch) and the initial polymer loading (2.5, 5, or 10 g polymer/g SNP). The proposed approach presented in this work to graft modify SNP allows for a precise surface modification of the nanoparticles, while permitting that the final properties of the resulting biohybrid to be tunable according to the choice of polymer grafted.

Biomacromolecules published new progress about Coating materials. 1592-20-7 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C9H9Cl, HPLC of Formula: 1592-20-7.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nitsche, Tobias; Steinkoenig, Jan; De Bruycker, Kevin; Bloesser, Fabian R.; Blanksby, Stephen J.; Blinco, James P.; Barner-Kowollik, Christopher published the artcile< Mapping the Compaction of Discrete Polymer Chains by Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry>, Computed Properties of 1592-20-7, the main research area is polystyrene tetrazole fumarate exclusion chromatog mass spectrometry.

We introduce a powerful approach based on the combination of size exclusion chromatog. with high-resolution mass spectrometry to selectively follow the compaction of discrete polymer chains that have uniform elemental composition Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNP) have attracted considerable interest for a wide range of applications associated with their adjustable morphol. However, the precise characterization of morphol. changes during the compaction is still challenging using existing anal. techniques. We employ a polystyrene backbone functionalized with tetrazole and fumarate moieties to utilize the nitrile imine-mediated tetrazole-ene cycloaddition for compaction. As every compaction step is associated with an elimination of one nitrogen mol., it can be monitored via high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The combination with size exclusion chromatog. enables the direct correlation of changes in mass with changes in morphol. associated with the compaction. By establishing a calibration between the retention time and the hydrodynamic radius, ion chromatograms of discrete chains can be directly applied to determine the reduction in hydrodynamic radius associated with each crosslinking event. Therefore, accessing the compaction of discrete polymer chains becomes possible for the first time.

Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about Hydrodynamic radius. 1592-20-7 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C9H9Cl, Computed Properties of 1592-20-7.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Amir, Faheem; Liles, Kevin P.; Delawder, Abigail O.; Colley, Nathan D.; Palmquist, Mark S.; Linder, Houston R.; Sell, Scott A.; Barnes, Jonathan C. published the artcile< Reversible hydrogel photopatterning: spatial and temporal control over gel mechanical properties using visible light photoredox catalysis>, Quality Control of 1592-20-7, the main research area is hydrogel photopatterning reversible photoredox catalysis viologen; artificial molecular muscles; hydrogel; photomechanical actuator; photopatterning; photoredox catalysis; redox-responsive materials; viologen.

There is a growing interest in being able to control the mech. properties of hydrogels for applications in materials, medicine, and biol. Primarily, changes in the hydrogel’s phys. properties, i.e., stiffness, toughness, etc., are achieved by modulating the network crosslinking chem. Common crosslinking strategies rely on (i) irreversible network bond degradation and reformation in response to an external stimulus, (ii) using dynamic covalent chem., or (iii) isomerization of integrated functional groups (e.g., azobenzene or spiropyran). Many of these strategies are executed using UV or visible light since the incident photons serve as an external stimulus that affords spatial and temporal control over the mech. adaptation process. Here, we describe a different type of hydrogel crosslinking strategy that uses a redox-responsive cross-linker, incorporated in poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate)-based hydrogels at three different weight percent loadings, which consists of two viologen subunits tethered by hexaethylene glycol and capped with styrene groups at each terminus. These dicationic viologen subunits (V2+) can be reduced to their monoradical cations (V•+) through a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process using a visible light-absorbing photocatalyst (tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dichloride) embedded in the hydrogel, resulting in the intramol. stacking of viologen radical cations, through radical-radical pairing interactions, while losing two pos. charges and the corresponding counteranions from the hydrogel. It is shown how this concerted process ultimately leads to collapse of the hydrogel network and significantly (p < 0.05) increases (by nearly a factor of 2) the soft material's stiffness, tensile strength, and percent elongation at break, all of which is easily reversed via oxidation of the viologen subunits and swelling in water. Application of this reversible PET process was demonstrated by photopatterning the same hydrogel multiple times, where the pattern was ""erased"" each time by turning off the blue light (∼450 nm) source and allowing for oxidation and reswelling in between patterning steps. The areas of the hydrogel that were masked exhibited lower (by 1-2 kPa) shear storage moduli (G') than the areas that were irradiated for 1.5 h. Moreover, because the viologen subunits in the functional cross-linker are electrochromic, it is possible to visualize the regions of the hydrogel that undergo changes in mech. properties. This visualization process was illustrated by photopatterning a larger hydrogel (∼9.5 cm on its longest side) with a photomask in the design of an array of stars. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces published new progress about Acrylic polymers Role: PEP (Physical, Engineering or Chemical Process), PRP (Properties), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), TEM (Technical or Engineered Material Use), PROC (Process), PREP (Preparation), USES (Uses). 1592-20-7 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C9H9Cl, Quality Control of 1592-20-7.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oberdisse, Julian; Gonzalez-Burgos, Marina; Mendia, Ander; Arbe, Arantxa; Moreno, Angel J.; Pomposo, Jose A.; Radulescu, Aurel; Colmenero, Juan published the artcile< Effect of Molecular Crowding on Conformation and Interactions of Single-Chain Nanoparticles>, Synthetic Route of 1592-20-7, the main research area is single chain nanoparticle mol crowding conformation interaction.

The conformation of single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) in the presence of linear polystyrene crowding mols. has been studied by small-angle neutron scattering under contrast-matching of the crowders. A model describing the scattering of aggregating polydisperse SCNPs has been developed, resulting in the determination of the potentially squeezed size of the individual SCNPs within aggregates, their local chain statistics, and the average aggregation number, as a function of crowding. Two different crowders, of low and high mol. weights, are shown to have a different effect: while long chains tend to impede their aggregation above their overlap concentration, short ones are found to mediate depletion interactions leading to aggregation. Self-imposed crowding within the aggregates has a similar impact on chain conformation independently of the crowding of the surrounding medium. Our results are compared to recent simulations and shall contribute to the microscopic understanding of the phase behavior of soft intrinsically disordered nano-objects and in particular the effect of crowding on biomacromols.

Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about Aggregation. 1592-20-7 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C9H9Cl, Synthetic Route of 1592-20-7.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nagatani, Takeshi; Sasaki, Takaaki; Saito, Kyoichi published the artcile< Preparation of crosslinked cation-exchange membranes by sulfonation of polymer chains cografted with St and CMS>, Application In Synthesis of 1592-20-7, the main research area is chloromethyl styrene polymer chain cation exchange membrane sulfonation.

Cation-exchange membranes with improved electrodialysis and mech. strength for manufacturing edible salt were prepared by electron-beam-induced graft polymerization First, styrene (St) and chloromethyl styrene (CMS) were co-grafted onto an EB-irradiated ultra-high mol. weight polyethylene film. Second, through a reaction with chlorosulfonic acid, a sulfonic acid group was introduced while incorporating the crosslinked structure into the cograft chains. The cation-exchange membranes that were prepared with various CMS contents in a vinyl monomer solution were stored in 0.5 mol/L NaCl at 25°C to evaluate the time course of the water content, membrane resistance, and tensile strength. Over a 150-day storage period, the water content increased and the membrane resistance and tensile strength decreased. This tendency can be explained by the fact that the cograft chains are crosslinked to depress water inclusion in the sulfonic acid group containing a polymer network. The CMS content in the vinyl monomer solution governed the degree of crosslinking of the polymer network of the membrane, affecting the performance of the electrodialysis. The cation-exchange membrane, prepared at a CMS content of 17°C, and a degree of cografting of 74°C, exhibited 20°C higher chloride ion concentration of brine for the electrodialysis compared with a com. available cation-exchange membrane.

Salt and Seawater Science & Technology published new progress about Cation exchange membranes. 1592-20-7 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C9H9Cl, Application In Synthesis of 1592-20-7.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chen, Yi-Chun; Reddy, Kamani Sudhir K.; Lin, Yu-An; Wang, Meng-Wei; Lin, Ching-Hsuan published the artcile< Tetrafluorophenylene-Containing Vinylbenzyl Ether-Terminated Oligo(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) with Better Thermal, Dielectric, and Flame-Retardant Properties for Application in High-Frequency Communication>, Safety of 1-(Chloromethyl)-4-vinylbenzene, the main research area is vinylbenzyl ether terminated oligodimethylphenylene ether flame retardant.

In an integrated circuit, signal propagation loss is proportional to the frequency, dissipation factor (Df), and square root of dielec. constant (Dk). The loss becomes obvious as we move to high-frequency communication. Therefore, a polymer having low Dk and Df is critical for copper-clad laminates at higher frequencies. For this purpose, a 4-vinylbenzyl ether phenoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylene-terminated OPE (VT-OPE) resin was synthesized and its properties were compared with the thermoset of com. OPE-2St resin. The thermoset of VT-OPE shows a higher Tg (242 vs. 229°C), a relatively high crosslinking d. (1.59 vs. 1.41 mmole cm-3), a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (55 vs. 76 ppm/°C), better dielec. characteristic at 10 GHz (Dk values of 2.58 vs. 2.75, Df values of 0.005 vs. 0.006), lower water absorption (0.135 vs. 0.312 weight %), and better flame retardancy (UL-94 VTM-0 vs. VTM-1 with dropping seriously) than the thermoset of OPE-2St. To verify the practicability of VT-OPE for copper-clad laminate, a laboratory process was also performed to prepare a copper-clad laminate, which shows a high peeling strength with copper foil (5.5 lb/in), high thermal reliability with a solder dipping test at 288°C (>600 s), and the time for delamination of the laminate in thermal mech. anal. (TMA) at 288°C is over 60 min.

ACS Omega published new progress about Complex modulus, tan δ. 1592-20-7 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C9H9Cl, Safety of 1-(Chloromethyl)-4-vinylbenzene.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Wen-Li; Jin, Ren-Hua published the artcile< Synthesis and self-assembly of amphiphilic comb-copolymers possessing polyethyleneimine and its derivatives: Site-selective formation of loop-cluster covered vesicles and flower micelles>, Formula: C9H9Cl, the main research area is comb copolymer polyethyleneimine derivative vesicle flower micelle.

Amphiphilic block copolymers have attracted a considerable amount of attention in the past two decades because of their ability to self-organize into various complex nanostructures. Most of these studies concentrated on linear amphiphilic block copolymers. In this work, we focused our attention on two type unique comb-like copolymers which grafting amphiphilic diblocked side chains onto main chain of polystyrenic backbone. One is Type-I in which a block of hydrophilic polymers is located inside near to the backbone while other block of hydrophobic poly (phenyl-2-oxazoline) [PPOZ] is in outside far away the backbone. The other one is Type-O in which the hydrophobic block of PPOZ is grafted (inside) onto the main chain backbone then the hydrophilic block is joined (outside) on the PPOZ. A series of five kinds of Type-I and five kinds of Type-O comb-like block copolymers with different components of the amphiphiles were prepared We performed self-assembly of them in a DMF/water or methanol/water (volume/volume, 1/9) media. All of Type-O comb-like block copolymers formed micelle. In contrast, in the case of Type-I, interestingly, the comb-like block copolymers possessing hydrophilic blocks with crystalline feature formed loop-cluster covered vesicles, while the others having non-crystalline hydrophilic blocks formed flower-like micelle. We proposed the self-organizing mechanism of these two types comb-like block copolymers and provides new mol. design strategy for the site-selective fabrication of vesicle/micelle possessing special surface structures.

Polymer published new progress about Crystallinity. 1592-20-7 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C9H9Cl, Formula: C9H9Cl.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hu, Min; Ding, Liang; Shehzad, Muhammad A.; Ge, Qianqian; Liu, Yahua; Yang, Zhengjin; Wu, Liang; Xu, Tongwen published the artcile< Comb-shaped anion exchange membrane with densely grafted short chains or loosely grafted long chains?>, Name: 1-(Chloromethyl)-4-vinylbenzene, the main research area is comb shaped anion exchange membrane densely grafted chain.

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are crucial components for advanced energy and environment processes including alk. fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and industrial effluent treatment; while low anionic conductivity and poor stability remain the major challenges for the widespread implementation of AEMs. Through mol. engineering, comb-shaped AEMs have been proved possessing the capability of delivering both high conductivity and good alk. stability. However, how to precisely control the side chain topol. and how the chain topol. would influence the membrane properties need to be further elucidated. We hereby propose a radically novel and readily scalable route towards the controllable synthesis of comb-shaped AMEs and we were able to determine the length of side chains and the number of ionic groups along the side chains. To probe the effect of side chain topol. on membrane properties, two types of AEMs of densely grafted short side chains or loosely grafted long side chains with similar ion exchange capacity (IEC, ∼1.7 mmol/g) were synthesized and compared. We found that the comb-shaped AEMs with loosely grafted long chains (LG-LS-DIm), with higher hydroxide conductivity (55 mS cm-1 at 30 °C) and better alk. stability (∼80 % of IEC retention after soaking in 2 mol L-1 NaOH solution at 60 °C for 25 days), outperform those with densely grafted short chains (HG-SS-DIm) and the benchmark main-chain type AEMs (DIm-PPO), which is also superior to those of conventional linear AEMs with densely functionalized structure.

Journal of Membrane Science published new progress about Acrylic polymers, polyoxyphenylene-, graft Role: PEP (Physical, Engineering or Chemical Process), PRP (Properties), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), TEM (Technical or Engineered Material Use), PROC (Process), PREP (Preparation), USES (Uses). 1592-20-7 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C9H9Cl, Name: 1-(Chloromethyl)-4-vinylbenzene.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wu, Jianchang; Liu, Chang; Li, Bo; Gu, Fenglong; Zhang, Luozheng; Hu, Manman; Deng, Xiang; Qiao, Yuan; Mao, Yongyun; Tan, Wenchang; Tian, Yanqing; Xu, Baomin published the artcile< Side-Chain Polymers as Dopant-Free Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells-The Impact of Substituents' Positions in Carbazole on Device Performance>, Formula: C9H9Cl, the main research area is perovskite solar cell hole transporting material dopant free; side chain polymer substituent position carbazole; dopant-free; hole-transporting material; perovskite solar cells; side-chain polymer; substituents’ positions in carbazole.

Side-chain polymers have the potential to be excellent dopant-free hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of their unique characteristics, such as tunable energy levels, high charge mobility, good solubility, and excellent film-forming ability. However, there has been less research focusing on side-chain polymers for PSCs. Here, two side-chain polystyrenes with triphenylamine substituents on carbazole moieties were designed and characterized. The properties of the side-chain polymers were tuned finely, including the photophys. and electrochem. properties and charge mobilities, by changing the positions of triphenylamine substituents on carbazole. Owing to the higher mobility and charge extraction ability, the polymer P2 with the triphenylamine substituent on the 3,6-positions of the carbazole unit showed higher performance with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.45%, which was much higher than the PCE (16.78%) of P1 with 2,7-positions substituted. These results clearly demonstrated that side-chain polymers can act as promising HTMs for PSC applications and the performance of side-chain polymers could be optimized by carefully tuning the structure of the monomer, which provides a new strategy to design new kinds of side-chain polymers and obtain high-performance dopant-free HTMs.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces published new progress about Hole transport. 1592-20-7 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C9H9Cl, Formula: C9H9Cl.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chouliaras, Thanasis; Vollas, Aristofanis; Ioannides, Theophilos; Deimede, Valadoula; Kallitsis, Joannis published the artcile< Synthesis of imidazolium based PILs and investigation of their blend membranes for gas separation>, COA of Formula: C9H9Cl, the main research area is acrylic acid vinyl benzyl chloride imidazolium gas separation property; PILs; blends; imidazolium based PILs; membranes, gas separation; pyridinium based PIL (PILPyr).

Polymeric (ionic liquid) (PIL) copolymers bearing cationic imidazolium pendants and polar acrylic acid groups (P(VBCImY-co-AAx)), which both favor the interaction with CO2 mols., have been synthesized and blended with film forming, high glass transition temperature aromatic polyether-based pyridinium PILs (PILPyr). The blend membranes based on the above combination have been prepared and characterized in respect to their thermal and morphol. behavior as well as to their gas separation properties. The used copolymers and blends showed a wide range of glass transition temperatures from 32 to 286°, while blends exhibited two phase morphol. despite the presence of polar groups in the blend components that could participate in specific interactions. Finally, the membranes were studied in terms of their gas separation behavior. It revealed that blend composition, counter anion type and acrylic acid molar percentage affect the gas separation properties. In particular, PILPyr-TFSI/P(VBCImTFSI-co-AA20) blend with 80/20 composition shows CO2 permeability of 7.00 Barrer and quite high selectivity of 103 for the CO2/CH4 gas pair. Even higher CO2/CH4.selectivity of 154 was achieved for PILPyr-BF4/P(VBCImBF4-co-AA10) blend with composition 70/30.

Membranes (Basel, Switzerland) published new progress about Anion exchangers. 1592-20-7 belongs to class chlorides-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C9H9Cl, COA of Formula: C9H9Cl.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics