Category: 104-86-9

Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Alkyl chlorides, as versatile building blocks in organic chemistry, are used in the preparation of alcohols, thioethers, alkenes, alkynes, esters, and Grignard reagents. Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine.

Kozma, Viktoria;Szollosi, Gyorgy research published �Enantioselective Michael addition of aldehydes to maleimides catalysed by surface-adsorbed natural amino acids� the research content is summarized as follows. Asym. Michael addition of carbonyl compounds to N-substituted maleimides is an important method for obtaining optically pure succinimides, which are important chiral fine chem. intermediates. Environmentally friendly and sustainable procedures require the use of a heterogeneous, recyclable catalyst obtained from natural chirality sources and cheap auxiliaries. Here the authors report the application of in situ formed chiral inorganic-organic hybrid catalysts using amino acids such as L-phenylalanine and clay minerals or alumina, which were highly active and provided excellent enantioselectivities, up to 99%, in the addition of aldehydes to a large variety of N-substituted maleimides. Examinations indicated the occurrence of the asym. reaction on the surface of the recyclable solid hybrid materials. The catalytic materials were examined by thermogravimetry, XRD, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, SEM and adsorption experiments Results of these methods showed that the amino acid is deposited as surface crystallites or intercalated in the layered cation exchangers, which both function as a supply of the chirality source, whereas the reactions are catalyzed by the chiral compounds adsorbed on the surface. This catalytic system was used to conveniently prepare chiral succinimides at the gram scale, easily purified by crystallization Accordingly, these chiral hybrid materials are convenient heterogeneous catalysts for obtaining valuable compounds in high optical purities using natural chirality sources, inorganic solids and Et acetate, a green organic solvent.

104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The class of organic compounds having covalently a bonded chlorine atom is called organic chlorides. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of named reactions and applications. Synthetic Route of 104-86-9.

Kang, Qiaoxiang;Yin, Xue;Liu, Ruxue;Meng, Shuangyan;Xu, Xueqing;Su, Bitao;Yang, Zhiwang;Lei, Ziqiang research published ã€?Hollow multi-shelled In₂S₃ hierarchical nanotubes for enhanced photocatalytic oxidative coupling of benzylamineã€? the research content is summarized as follows. The unique structural features of the hollow and hierarchical structures give light to the developing categories of photocatalysts as a promising way to deal with the challenges involved in the process of heterogeneous photocatalysis. Herein, hollow multi-shelled In₂S₃ hierarchical nanotubes have been fabricated using NH₂-MIL-68 (In) as template and TAA. The results demonstrated that hollow multi-shelled In₂S₃ hierarchical nanotubes has been used as an efficient photocatalyst for the coupling of benzylamines under visible light irradiation and aerobic or anaerobic conditions, which burst out of the shackles of the reported reaction conditions. And the conversion and selectivity reached 74% and 99%, resp. The hierarchical structure with nanosheet on the surface of hollow multi-shelled nanotube have effectively promote the mass transfer and photogenerated carrier separation, increasing the number of reactive points. Then, it also has proved that the hole (h⁺), the nitrogen-centered radical cations as well as the carbon-centered radicals were most important in the reaction. This work provides a novel concept for further design of unique structural photocatalyst for boosting the catalytic activity.

104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., Synthetic Route of 104-86-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Electric Literature of 104-86-9.

Karuturi, Damodar;Kalbagh, Mahesh;Kamath, Prashantha;Montgomery, Mark;Shete, Shrikant Abhiman;Lal, Mukul research published ã€?Dimroth rearrangement to 2-N-alkylated amino pyridines: an unusual reaction of primary amines with ylidineketonitrilesã€? the research content is summarized as follows. Unusual reaction of Ylideneketonitrile with primary amine led to the formation of 2-N-alkylated-3,5-trisubstituted pyridines. Mechanistic aspect of the reaction path was mapped by isolation and characterization of crucial intermediates of the reaction. Dimroth rearrangement was key to the formation of diverse pyridine derivatives in good to excellent yield (50 – 90%).

104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., Electric Literature of 104-86-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organic chlorides are organic molecules with a C-Cl bond, for example chloroform (CH3-Cl) or vinyl chloride(C2H3Cl). 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Kawecki, Robert research published �Synthesis of N-sulfenylimines from disulfides and primary methanamines� the research content is summarized as follows. N-sulfenylimines (sulfenimines, thiooximes, N-alkylidenesulfenamides) were efficiently synthesized through the reaction of primary amines and disulfides with NBS or bromine. This reaction can be carried out in an open flask at room temperature without the need for any transition metal-containing additives. The use of thiols instead of disulfides gave similar results. A wide range of amines were reacted with aryl and alkyldisulfides, resulting in the formation of sulfenimines in a yield of 44-99%.

104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organic chlorides are organic molecules with a C-Cl bond, for example chloroform (CH3-Cl) or vinyl chloride(C2H3Cl). 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine.

Jiamprasertboon, Arreerat;Phonsuksawang, Praphaiphon;Sunkhunthod, Chaniphon;Sertwatsana, Sarunya;Wet-osot, Sirawit;Kamkaew, Anyanee;Siritanon, Theeranun research published ã€?An effective visible light responsive photocatalyst for wastewater treatment {001} facet exposed Na_0.5Bi_2.5Nb₂O₉ nanosheetã€? the research content is summarized as follows. The less investigated Bi layer-structured oxides, Na_0.5Bi_2.5Nb₂O₉, have been explored in this work. Its distinctive layered structure induces internal elec. field, which is advantageous for charge separation and transfer. As a result, the compound is an effective photocatalyst. Such a property can be further enhanced by tuning the morphol. Although all samples show similar crystal structures and optical properties, a hydrothermal technique results in unique thin nanosheets while a microwave-assisted hydrothermal and a molten-salt technique yield irregular-shape nanoparticles and orthorhombic-shape microparticles, resp. Among all samples, nanosheets exhibit the best Rhodamine B photodegradation The outstanding performance is attributed to the nanosheet feature, which facilitates charge separation, and the highly exposed reactive {001} facet. Furthermore, the high efficiency, stability, and recyclability suggest it to be a potential candidate for other photocatalytic reactions and similar strategies could be used to design photocatalysts for green and sustainable solutions to environmental problems.

Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., 104-86-9.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Related Products of 104-86-9.

Jiang, Bei-Er;Hu, Jiaxin;Liu, Hao;Liu, Zhitao;Wen, Yu;Liu, Mingyao;Zhang, Han-Kun;Pang, Xiufeng;Yu, Li-Fang research published ã€?Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of indole-based hydroxamic acid derivatives as histone deacetylase inhibitorsã€? the research content is summarized as follows. The equilibrium between histone acetylation and deacetylation plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression. The histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of key regulators of gene expression that enzymically remove an acetyl moiety from acetylated lysine ε-amino groups on histone tails. Therefore, HDAC inhibitors have recently emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy and several pan-HDAC inhibitors have globally been approved for clin. use. In the present study, we designed and synthesized a series of substituted indole-based hydroxamic acid derivatives that exhibited potent anti-proliferative activities in various tumor cell lines. Among the compounds tested, compound 4o (I), was found to be among the most potent in the inhibition of HDAC1 (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC₅₀ = 1.16 nM) and HDAC6 (IC₅₀ = 2.30 nM). It also exhibited excellent in vitro anti-tumor proliferation activity. Addnl., compound 4o effectively increased the acetylation of histone H3 in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, compound 4o remarkably blocked colony formation in HCT116 cancer cells. Based on its favorable in vitro profile, compound 4o was further evaluated in an HCT116 xenograft mouse model, in which it demonstrated better in vivo efficacy than the clin. used HDAC inhibitor, suberanilohydroxamic acid. Interestingly, compound 4k (II) was found to have a preference for the inhibition of HDAC6, with IC₅₀ values of 115.20 and 5.29 nM against HDAC1 and HDAC6, resp.

Related Products of 104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., 104-86-9.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Reference of 104-86-9.

Jimenez-Almarza, Alicia;Lopez-Magano, Alberto;Mas-Balleste, Ruben;Aleman, Jose research published �Tuning the Activity-Stability Balance of Photocatalytic Organic Materials for Oxidative Coupling Reactions� the research content is summarized as follows. In the series of materials reported herein, the triazine-based material shows the optimal compromise between activity and stability when studied for the oxidative coupling of amines, achieving imine products. Accordingly, while significant leaching of mol. active fragments was ruled out for triazine-based polymers, other materials of the series show a significant chem. erosion as a result of the reaction with the amine substrates. Consequently, only a triazine-based material allowed performing several catalytic cycles (up to seven) with yields higher than 80%. The applicability of this heterogeneous catalyst had been proven with a variety of substrates, confirming its stability and obtaining diverse imine coupling products with excellent yields.

Reference of 104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., 104-86-9.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Jin, Sen;Wang, Hui;Li, Lei;Luo, Xiao;Sun, Xianshun;Zuo, Ming;Tian, Jie;Zhang, Xiaodong;Xie, Yi research published ã€?Surface modification boosts exciton extraction in confined layered structure for selective oxidation reactionã€? the research content is summarized as follows. Extracting photogenerated species from bulk to surface is an essential process for gaining efficient semiconductor-based photocatalysis. However, compared with charged photogenerated carriers, neutral exciton exhibits negligible response to elec. field. Accordingly, traditional strategies involving band-alignment construction for boosting directional transfer of charge carriers are impracticable for extracting bulk excitons. To this issue, we here propose that the extraction of bulk exciton could be effectively implemented by surface modification. By taking confined layered bismuth oxycarbonate (Bi₂O₂CO₃) as an example, we highlight that the incorporation of iodine atoms on the surface could modify the micro-region electronic structure and hence lead to reduced energy of surface excitonic states. Benefiting from the energy gradient between bulk and surface excitonic states, iodine-modified Bi₂O₂CO₃ possesses high-efficiency bulk exciton extraction, and hence exhibits promoted performance in triggering ¹O₂-mediated selective oxidation reaction. This work presents the pos. role of surface modification in regulating excitonic processes of semiconductor-based photocatalysts.

Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., 104-86-9.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. Alkyl chlorides, as versatile building blocks in organic chemistry, are used in the preparation of alcohols, thioethers, alkenes, alkynes, esters, and Grignard reagents. Related Products of 104-86-9.

Kadagathur, Manasa;Patra, Sandip;Devabattula, Geetanjali;George, Joel;Phanindranath, Regur;Shaikh, Arbaz Sujat;Sigalapalli, Dilep Kumar;Godugu, Chandraiah;Nagesh, Narayana;Tangellamudi, Neelima D.;Shankaraiah, Nagula research published ã€?Design, synthesis of DNA-interactive 4-thiazolidinone-based indolo-/pyrroloazepinone conjugates as potential cytotoxic and topoisomerase I inhibitorsã€? the research content is summarized as follows. With the rising cancer incidence and mortality globally, there is a prerequisite for effective design strategies towards the discovery of newer small mol. entities in chemotherapy. Hence, a series of new thiazolidinone-based indolo-/pyrroloazepinone conjugates was designed, synthesized via mol. hybridization, and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity potential and DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibition. Among this series, conjugate 11g emerged as the most active compound with an IC50 value of 1.24 μM against A549 and 3.02-10.91 μM in the other tested cancer cell lines. Gratifyingly, 11g displayed 43-fold higher selectivity towards A549 cancer cells as compared to the non-cancer cells. Subsequently, conjugate 12g also demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against SK-MEL-28 cells. Basing the in vitro cytotoxicity results, SAR was established. Later, the conjugates 11g and 12g were further evaluated for their apoptosis-inducing ability, which was quantified by flow cytometric anal., DNA-binding, Topo I inhibitory activity and IC50 value calculation Mol. modeling studies provided profound insights about the binding nature of these compounds with DNA-Topo I complex. In silico ADME/T and prediction studies corroborated the drug-likeness of the two investigated compounds TOPKAT toxicity profiling studies demonstrated the compounds safety in many animal models with a minimal toxicol. profile. Encouraging results obtained from in vitro and in silico studies could put this series of conjugates at the forefront of cancer drug discovery.

104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., Related Products of 104-86-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chloride substituents modify the physical properties of organic compounds in several ways. 104-86-9, formula is C7H8ClN, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanamine. They are typically denser than water due to the presence of chlorine, which has a high atomic weight. Quality Control of 104-86-9.

Kadu, Vikas D.;Khadul, Siddheshwar P.;Kothe, Gokul J.;Mali, Ganesh A. research published ã€?Rapid One-Pot Aerobic Oxidative N-α-C(sp³)-H Functionalization of Arylmethylamines to Access Tetrasubstituted Imidazolesã€? the research content is summarized as follows. A simple copper catalyzed “one-pot” process has been developed for synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles via direct oxidative N-α-C(sp³)-H functionalization of arylmethylamines. The readily available arylmethylamines as substrates have afforded tetrasubstituted imidazoles products up to 94% yields under mild and environmentally benign conditions. The explored substrates scope with 1,2-diketones and α-hydroxyketones have shown great utility for synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles.

104-86-9, 4-Chlorobenzylamine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C7H8ClN and its molecular weight is 141.6 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a reactant in the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrroles.
4-Chlorobenzylamine is a chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It has low bioavailability, which may be due to its reactive site. The chemical can be characterized using nmr spectra and potent inhibitory activity. 4-Chlorobenzylamine has been found to react with nitrogen atoms, and this reaction is highly acidic. FT-IR spectroscopy can also be used to characterize this compound. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydroxyl group are two of the major interactions of 4-chlorobenzylamine with other molecules. This chemical reacts with serine protease, glyoxal, and other substances in a manner that depends on the molecule’s structure., Quality Control of 104-86-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics