Author: Jessica.F

Metalation and halogen-metal interconversion reactions of some halogenated phenyl ethers was written by Langham, Wright;Brewster, R. Q.;Gilman, Henry. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1941.Electric Literature of C8H7ClO3 This article mentions the following:

The reactions of certain halogen derivatives of Ph₂O with MeLi, BuLi and PhLi have been studied. When the halogen is I or Br, halogen-metal interconversion is found to be the predominant reaction. IC₆H₄OPh undergo interconversion more readily than the Br derivatives and the Cl derivatives are essentially not affected. During long periods of reaction or upon refluxing in ether, p-Br and p-Cl derivatives are metalated by MeLi, BuLi and PhLi; under the same conditions the p-I derivative is metalated in reactions with BuLi and PhLi. In general 0.01 mol of the ether was reacted with 0.02 mol of the Li derivative at 26° for 0.25 h. 2-IC₆H₄OPh with BuLi gives 79%, PhLi 56% (79% at 18-20° for 24 h.), MeLi (0.1 mol) 14% of 2-PhOC₆H₄CO₂H after carbonation of the reaction product. 3-IC₆H₄OPh with BuLi gives 75% or with 0.1 mol PhLi 37% of 3-PhOC₆H₄CO₂H. 4-IC₆H₄OPh (I) with BuLi gives 93% or 0.1 mol of PhLi gives 33% of 4-PhOC₆H₄CO₂H; 0.02 mol I and 0.1 mol of BuLi at 20-2° for 26 h. or 0.02 mol I and 0.02 mol of PhLi at 34° for 15 h. give 30 or 32% of 2,5-(PhO)-IC₆H₃CO₂H. 4-IC₆H₄OC₆H₄OMe-4 with 0.2 mol BuLi or 0.01 mol of PhLi gives 61 or 47% of 4-(4′-MeOC₆H₄O)-C₆H₄CO₂H. 2-BrC₆H₄OPh and BuLi give 65% of 2-PhOC₆H₄CO₂H. 4-BrC₆H₄OPh with 0.01 mol of BuLi for 0.033 h. or 0.02 mol of PrLi at 26° for 0.083 h. gives 36 or 80% of 4-PhOC₆H₄CO₂H; 0.1 mol of PhLi gives 7% of 2,5-(PhO)BrC₆H₃CO₂H; 0.15 mol ether and 0.8 mol PhLi at 20° for 24 h. or 0.01 mol of ether and 0.01 mol of MeLi for 24 h. at 20° give 35 and 14% of 2,5-(PhO)-BrC₆H₃CO₂H. 3,4-Br(MeO)C₆H₃OPh gives with BuLi 66% of 2,5-MeO(PhO)C₆H₃CO₂H. 2-ClC₆H₄OPh does not react with MeLi at 20° after 24 h. 2,5-(PhO)ClC₆H₃CO₂H results in 16, 23, 36 and 14% yields from 0.005, 0.015, 0.02 or 0.01 mol of 4-ClC₆H₄OPh with 0.008 mol BuLi at 26° in 0.25 h., 0.02 mol BuLi at 34° in 10 h., 0.01 mol of PhLi at 20° in 26 h. or 0.01 mol of MeLi at 20° in 24 h. Many comments are given on the individual experiments p-FC₆H₄OMe (0.03 mol) and 0.05 mol MeLi (all experiments at 34° for 14 h.) give 17.7% of 2,5-(MeO)FC₆H₃CO₂H and 38.5% unreacted F compound p-ClC₆H₄OMe (0.03 mol) gives 21.6% of 2,5-(MeO)ClC₆H₃CO₂H and 57% unreacted Cl derivative p-BrC₆H₄OMe (0.02 mol) and 0.03 mol MeLi give 21.7% of 2,5-(MeO)BrC₆H₃CO₂H; in another experiment there resulted 16% of acid and 50% of unreacted Br compound p-IC₆H₄OMe (0.03 mol) and 0.05 mol of MeLi give 13.1% of 4-MeOC₆H₄CO₂H and 48.6% of p-MeC₆H₄OMe; in a 2nd experiment the yields were 5 and 52%, resp. o-ClC₆H₄OMe does not react with MeLi. o-BrC₆H₄OMe gives 16.6% of 2-MeOC₆H₄CO₂H and 43.5% of o-MeC₆H₄OMe. o-IC₆H₄OMe (0.013 mol) and 0.03 mol of MeLi give 12.5% of 2-MeOC₆H₄CO₂H and 75% of o-MeC₆H₄OMe. m-BrC₆H₄OMe (0.02 mol) and 0.03 mol of MeLi give 0.7 g. of an acidic gum, 13% of m-MeC₆H₄OMe and 0.43 g. of a product b₉ 79-81°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2Electric Literature of C8H7ClO3).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Electric Literature of C8H7ClO3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Selective N-Monomethylation of Amines and Nitroarenes using Methanol over an Encapsulated Iridium Nanocatalyst was written by Fu, Aixiao;Liu, Qiang;Jiang, Mingxiang;Xu, Guoqiang. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2019.COA of Formula: C8H10ClN This article mentions the following:

A highly selective N-monomethylation of aniline and nitrobenzene using methanol as methylating reagent was achieved with high efficiency when using an encapsulated iridium nanocatalyst. A wide range of amines and nitro compounds reacted well in the established catalytic system with moderate to excellent product yields and good functional group tolerance. The transfer hydrogenation and successive cyclization coupling reaction of ortho-phenylenediamine with methanol to afford benzimidazole and N-methylbenzimidazole was also efficiently realized under moderate reaction conditions. Recycling experiments showed that the iridium nanocatalyst had a good stability without obvious activity loss. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1COA of Formula: C8H10ClN).

2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.COA of Formula: C8H10ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

First Discovery of Novel Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone Mesoionic Compounds as Antibacterial Agents was written by Liu, Dengyue;Zhang, Jian;Zhao, Lei;He, Wengjing;Liu, Zhengjun;Gan, Xiuhai;Song, Baoan. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2019.Safety of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

Plant bacterial diseases cause tremendous decreases in crop yield and quality, and there is a lack of highly effective and low-risk antibacterial agents. A series of novel pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone mesoionic compounds containing vanillin moieties were synthesized, and the application of these mesoionic compounds as plant antibacterial agents was reported here for the first time. The bioassay results revealed that the mesoionic compounds had good antibacterial activity. Of these compounds, compound (I) showed excellent in vitro activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, with an EC₅₀ value of 1.1μg/mL, which was substantially better than that of bismerthiazol (92.7μg/mL) and thiodiazole copper (105.4μg/mL). Moreover, greenhouse condition trials indicated that the protective and curative activities of compound I against rice bacterial leaf blight were 75.12% and 72.04%, resp., which were better than those of bismerthiazol (62.24% and 50.83%, resp.) and thiodiazole copper (53.35% and 65.04%, resp.). These results provide a basis for the application of mesoionic vanillin moieties as new antibacterial agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Safety of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Safety of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In vivo and in vitro reconstitution of unique key steps in cystobactamid antibiotic biosynthesis was written by Gross, Sebastian;Schnell, Bastien;Haack, Patrick A.;Auerbach, David;Mueller, Rolf. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2021.Reference of 76-83-5 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Cystobactamids are myxobacteria-derived topoisomerase inhibitors with potent anti-Gram-neg. activity. They are formed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and consist of tailored para-aminobenzoic acids, connected by a unique α-methoxy-L-isoasparagine or a β-methoxy-L-asparagine linker moiety. We describe the heterologous expression of the cystobactamid biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) in Myxococcus xanthus. Targeted gene deletions produce several unnatural cystobactamids. Using in vitro experiments, we reconstitute the key biosynthetic steps of linker formation and shuttling via CysB to the NRPS. The biosynthetic logic involves a previously uncharacterized bifunctional domain found in the stand-alone NRPS module CysH, albicidin biosynthesis and numerous BGCs of unknown natural products. This domain performs either an aminomutase (AM) or an amide dehydratase (DH) type of reaction, depending on the activity of CysJ which hydroxylates CysH-bound L-asparagine. Furthermore, CysQ O-methylates hydroxyl-L-(iso)asparagine only in the presence of the AMDH domain. Taken together, these findings provide direct evidence for unique steps in cystobactamid biosynthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Reference of 76-83-5).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Reference of 76-83-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sodium iodide as a novel, chemoselective and highly efficient catalyst for N-tert-butoxy carbonylation of amines at room temperature was written by Periyasamy, Senthil;Subbiah, Selvaraj. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research in 2016.COA of Formula: C11H14ClNO2 This article mentions the following:

Com. available sodium iodide was found to be one of the best catalyst and practically an efficient protocol for the protection of various structurally and electronically divergent aryl and aliphatic amines using (BOC)₂O at room temperature was presented. The reported method is chemoselective and the products isolated in high yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6COA of Formula: C11H14ClNO2).

tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.COA of Formula: C11H14ClNO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New phorbol ester derivatives as potent anti-HIV agents was written by Li, Qi-Run;Cheng, Yung-Yi;Zhao, Lei;Huang, Xiao-Lei;Jiang, Xiao-Gang;Cui, Ya-Dong;Morris-Natschke, Susan L.;Goto, Masuo;Chen, Chin-Ho;Lee, Kuo-Hsiung;Chen, Dao-Feng;Zhang, Jian. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2021.Recommanded Product: (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene This article mentions the following:

Tigliane esters show many biol. activities, including anti-HIV-1 activity. Our aim in this study was to establish structure-anti-HIV activity relationships for four series of tigliane-type diterpenoids. We synthesized and evaluated 29 new phorbol ester derivatives for anti-HIV activity and for cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines. Among them, three derivatives, two phorbol-13-monoesters (5d and 5e) and a phorbol-12,13-diester (6a), showed significant anti-HIV activity. We found that better anti-HIV activity was often associated with a shorter acyl ester at C-13. Particularly, compounds with a Ph ring in the ester side chain exhibited excellent anti-HIV activity and had good safety indexes. Due to its significant anti-HIV potency with a high selectivity index, phorbol-12,13-dicinnamoate (6a) was chosen as the potential candidate for further preclin. trials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Recommanded Product: (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Recommanded Product: (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fluoropolymers with low dielectric constants: triallyl ether-hydrosiloxane resins was written by Hu, Henry S. W.;Griffith, James R.;Buckley, Leonard J.;Snow, Arthur W.. And the article was included in ACS Symposium Series in 1995.Safety of Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) This article mentions the following:

The preparation of a class of processable heavily fluorinated triallyl ether homo- and co-polymers is carried out to elucidate the structure-property relations in comparison with the acrylic analogs. The triallyl ether monomer was prepared in good yield through the condensation of the triol, 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxy-hexafluoro-2-propyl)benzene, in dry acetone with allyl bromide in the presence of potassium carbonate. Homopolymers were obtained and cured through a slow free radical polymerization, while copolymers were obtained through a fast hydrosilylation with catalyst. The dielec. constant of the copolymer of the triallyl ether and an equivalence of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) catalyzed by a trace of dicyclopentadienylplatinum(II) chloride is 2.33 at 13.2 GHZ with a dissipation factor of 0.004. The factors which affect the dielec. constant and thermal stability are the fluorine content, the polymer type and the mol. architecture. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0Safety of Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II)).

Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Safety of Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II)

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Iron-Platinum interaction in (hexacarbonyldiiron)-[(π-diene)platinum] dichalcogenide clusters was written by Pasynskii, A. A.;Semenova, N. I.;Torubaev, Yu. V.;Lysenko, K. A.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii in 2003.Safety of Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) This article mentions the following:

Trinuclear diiron-platinum cluster [(diene)Pt(μ₃-Se)₂Fe₂(CO)₆] (2, diene = dicyclopentadiene) was prepared by transmetalation of [(μ₃-Se)₂Fe₃(CO)₉] by [(diene)PtCl₂]. Crystal structure of 2 was determined by single-crystal x-ray crystallog. Platinum atom in 2 has a square-planar coordination geometry and is η²-bound to double bonds of the dicyclopentadiene ligand and coordinated by μ₃-Se atoms. The Fe(CO)₃ fragments are bound by two selenium bridges and by Fe-Fe bond (2.545 Å). Besides that, one of the Fe atoms has close contact with platinum (Fe-Pt 3.169 Å), declining the Pt coordination plane from the mirror plane of the two Fe(CO)₃ fragments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0Safety of Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II)).

Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Safety of Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II)

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and potent antimicrobial activity of some novel methyl or ethyl 1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylates derivatives carrying amide or amidine groups was written by Oezden, Seckin;Atabey, Dilek;Yildiz, Sulhiye;Goeker, Hakan. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2005.SDS of cas: 16588-16-2 This article mentions the following:

A series of benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid alkyl ester derivatives, e.g., I, carrying amide or amidine substituted Me or Ph groups at the position C-2 were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities against S. aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), S. faecalis, methicillin resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE), E. coli and C. albicans. The results showed that all simple acetamides were essentially inactive, while aromatic amides and amidines have potent antibacterial activities. The aromatic amidine derivatives exhibited the best inhibitory activity with 1.56-0.39 μg/mL MIC values against MRSA and MRSE. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2SDS of cas: 16588-16-2).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.SDS of cas: 16588-16-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

NX···Y halogen bonds. Comparison with NH···Y H-bonds and CX···Y halogen bonds was written by Nepal, Binod;Scheiner, Steve. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2016.SDS of cas: 14070-51-0 This article mentions the following:

Quantum calculations examine how the NH···Y H-bond compares to the equivalent NX···Y halogen bond, as well as to comparable CH/CX donors. Succinimide and saccharin, and their corresponding halogen-substituted derivatives, are chosen as the prototype NH/NX donors, paired with a wide range of electron donor mols. The NH···Y H-bond is weakened if the bridging H is replaced by Cl, and strengthened by I; a Br halogen bond is roughly comparable to a H-bond. The lone pairs of the partner mol. are stronger electron donors than are π-systems. Whereas Coulombic forces represent the largest fraction of the attractive force in the H-bonds, induction energy is magnified in the halogen bonds, surpassing electrostatics in several cases. Mutation of NH/NX to CH/CX weakens the binding energy to roughly half its original value, while also lengthening the intermol. distances by 0.3-0.8 Å. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0SDS of cas: 14070-51-0).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.SDS of cas: 14070-51-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics