Author: Jessica.F

Synthesis and tyrosinase inhibitory properties of novel isoquinoline urea/thiourea derivatives was written by Genc, Hayriye;Zengin, Mustafa;Yavuz, Emre;Gencer, Nahit;Arslan, Oktay. And the article was included in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology in 2014.Synthetic Route of C7H3Cl2NS This article mentions the following:

A new series of isoquinoline urea/thiourea derivatives I (X = O, S; R = Ph, n-Bu, i-Pr, n-Pr, n-Hexyl, etc.) were synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase were evaluated. Isoquinoline urea/thiourea derivatives were obtained as a result of the reaction of 5-aminoisoquinoline with isocyanates or isothiocyanates. The result showed that all the synthesized compounds inhibited the tyrosinase enzyme activity. Among the compounds synthesized, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)thiourea was found to be the most active one (Ki = 119.22 μM), and the inhibition kinetics analyzed using Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal plots revealed that compound I (X= S; R = 4-ClPh) was a competitive inhibitor. HOMO-LUMO energy levels for selected synthesized compounds were calculated using Gaussian software. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Synthetic Route of C7H3Cl2NS).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Synthetic Route of C7H3Cl2NS

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel (S)-tryptamine derivatives containing an allyl group and an aryl sulfonamide unit as anticancer agents was written by Guo, Zhenbo;Xu, Yiming;Peng, Yujie;Haroon ur Rashid;Quan, Wei;Xie, Peng;Wu, Lichuan;Jiang, Jun;Wang, Lisheng;Liu, Xu. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2019.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S This article mentions the following:

A series of (S)-tryptamine derivatives containing an allyl group and an aryl sulfonamide unit, I (R = Ph, 3-Cl-4-FC₆H₃, 4-Br-2-ClC₆H₄, etc.) and II [R = Ph, 2,4,6-(Me₂CH)₃C₆H₂], were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their potential application as anticancer agents. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and ESI-MS spectral analyses. The target compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against HepG2, HeLa, CNE1 and A549 human cancer cell lines. Some of the synthesized compounds showed moderate to good anticancer activities against four selected cancer cell lines, among of which I [R = 2,4,6-(Me₂CH)C₆H₂] (III) was found to be the most active analog possessing IC₅₀ values 16.5-18.7 μM. Further mechanism studies revealed that compound III could significantly induce HepG2 cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, promote cell apoptosis, and inhibit the colony formation as well. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A pillar[5]arene-based crosslinked polymer material for selective adsorption of organic dyes was written by Zhang, Ge;Lou, Xin-Yue;Li, Meng-Hao;Yang, Ying-Wei. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 2022.Safety of Trimesoylchloride This article mentions the following:

Industrial wastewater containing organic dyes poses severe threats to the global aquatic ecosystem. The exploration of low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbents has become a major task for the fast and effective elimination of organic dye contaminants. The authors fabricate a new type of polymeric dye adsorbent (P1) by crosslinking bihydrazide-functionalized pillar[5]arene with trimesoyl chloride as linkers. Benefiting from the π-electron rich cavity of pillar[5]arene, P1 demonstrated outstanding potential in the selective adsorption and separation of small cationic dyes. Kinetic exptl. results prove that the adsorption behaviors for methylene blue (MB) and neutral red (NR) are accurately matched with the pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm model. The integral adsorption rate is determined by both external diffusion and intra-particle diffusion. The pillararene-based polymer adsorbent can be recycled 5 times with almost no loss of adsorption efficiency, holding great potential to function as an available material for wastewater regeneration and purification In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Safety of Trimesoylchloride).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Safety of Trimesoylchloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

SkinEthic HCE Time-to-Toxicity on solids: A test method for distinguishing chemicals inducing serious eye damage, eye irritation and not requiring classification and labeling was written by Alepee, Nathalie;Leblanc, Virginie;Grandidier, Marie-Helene;Teluob, Severine;Viricel, Anaelle;Adriaens, Els;Michaut, Valerie. And the article was included in Toxicology In Vitro in 2021.Application of 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

This study describes the development of a Time-to-Toxicity approach for solids (TTS) based on the SkinEthic HCE tissue construct, capable to distinguish chems. that do not require classification for serious eye damage/eye irritation (No Cat.) from chems. that require classification for eye irritation (Cat. 2), and serious eye damage (Cat. 1). Briefly, the time-to-toxicity of 69 solids was evaluated by exposing SkinEthic HCE tissue constructs to the test chem. for two different time periods (30-min, and 120-min). Based on the viability observed for the different exposure periods, a classification was assigned. The within laboratory reproducibility in terms of concordance in classifications (3 UN GHS categories), based on a set of 48 solids, was 93.7%. Furthermore, 73.6% Cat. 1 (N = 24), 55.6% Cat. 2 (N = 15) and 72.2% No Cat. (N = 30) were correctly identified with the SkinEthic HCE TTS test method. This study provides evidence that the SkinEthic HCE Time-to-Toxicity method (multiple exposure times) can distinguish Cat. 2 solids from Cat. 1 solids. This is an added value compared to the SkinEthic HCE EITS method (single exposure time) that can distinguish No Cat. chems. from chems. that do require classification and labeling for eye irritation/serious eye damage (Cat. 2/Cat. 1). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Application of 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application of 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Arylsulfonic acid derivatives. XIV. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of new derivatives of 4-alkoxybenzylsulfonamides was written by Grigoryan, L. A.;Kaldrikyan, M. A.;Engoyan, A. P.;Paronikyan, R. V.. And the article was included in Armyanskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal in 1987.Electric Literature of C10H13ClO3S This article mentions the following:

p-ROC₆H₄SO₂Cl (I; R = C₁-C₄ n-alkyl, Me₂CHCH₂) reacted with R¹(CH₂)_nNH₂ (R¹ = Ph, p-MeOC₆H₄; n = 1, 2) in aqueous NaOH to give 15 corresponding p-ROC₆H₄SO₂NH(CH₂)_nR¹ (II) in 55-83% yield. II (same R; R¹ = Ph, n = 1, 2; R = Me, R¹ = p-MeOC₆H₄, n = 1) reacted with addnl. I (same R) or with p-R²C₆H₄CH₂Cl (R² = H, MeO) in dry DMF containing LiH to give 14 corresponding (p-ROC₆H₄SO₂)₂N(CH₂)_nR¹ (III) in 38-61% yield and 31-33% p-MeOC₆H₄CH₂N(CH₂C₆H₄R²–p)SO₂C₆H₄OEt-p (same R²), resp. III had antibacterial activity, but II did not. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3Electric Literature of C10H13ClO3S).

4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Electric Literature of C10H13ClO3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Transition-metal-free persulfuration to construct unsymmetrical disulfides and mechanistic study of the sulfur redox process was written by Xiao, Xiao;Feng, Minghao;Jiang, Xuefeng. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2015.Quality Control of 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene This article mentions the following:

A sulfur redox process has been developed between sulfinate and thiosulfate, which efficiently affords diverse unsym. disulfides and provides a new method to modify pharmaceuticals and natural products without requiring an extra oxidant or reductant. A gram-scale investigation further demonstrates the practicality and application potential of this process. Isolated key intermediates and a series of control experiments afford an unusual process, which reveals the mechanism of comproportionation (i.e., redox reaction) and a transition-metal-free sulfur redox process. The synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na₂S₂O₃.5H₂O) [i.e., thiosulfuric acid (H₂S₂O₃), sodium salt, hydrate] as a starting material in addition to benzenesulfinic acid sodium salt derivatives, 4-chlorobutanenitrile, 1-chlorbutane, (chloromethyl)benzene derivatives (benzyl chloride). Other starting materials included 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-naphthalenesulfinic acid sodium salt (naphthalene derivative), 2,5-dichloro-3-thiophenesulfinc acid sodium salt (thiophene derivative), (1S,4R)-7,7-dimethyl-2-(oxo)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-methanesulfinic acid sodium salt (camphor derivative), 17-(oxo)estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-sulfinic acid sodium salt (estrone derivative, estrogen). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4Quality Control of 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene).

2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Quality Control of 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Virtual Active Compound Produced from the Negative Image of a Ligand-binding Pocket, and its Application to in-silico Drug Screening was written by Fukunishi, Yoshifumi;Kubota, Satoru;Kanai, Chisato;Nakamura, Haruki. And the article was included in Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design in 2006.Computed Properties of C21H15Cl3O2 This article mentions the following:

The authors developed a new structure-based in-silico screening method using a neg. image of a ligand-binding pocket and a multi-protein-compound interaction matrix. Based on the structure of the ligand pocket of the target protein, the authors designed a neg. image, which consists of virtual atoms whose radii are close to those of carbon atoms. The virtual atoms fit the pocket ideally and achieve an optimal Coulomb interaction. A protein-compound docking program calculates the protein-compound interaction matrix for many proteins and many compounds including the neg. image, which can be treated as a virtual compound With specific attention to a vector of docking scores for a single compound with many proteins, the authors selected a compound whose score vector was similar to that of the neg. image as a candidate hit compound This method was applied to representative target proteins and showed high database enrichment with a relatively quick procedure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3,3-Tris(4-chlorophenyl)propionic acid (cas: 2168-06-1Computed Properties of C21H15Cl3O2).

3,3,3-Tris(4-chlorophenyl)propionic acid (cas: 2168-06-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Computed Properties of C21H15Cl3O2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation of nanocomposite aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membranes by in-situ polymerization of bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) was written by Zheng, Feng-Tao;Qu, Jianbo;Sun, Zhou. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.Quality Control of Trimesoylchloride This article mentions the following:

Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) nanoparticles were incorporated into aromatic polyamide (PA) membranes via in-situ polymerization to prepare BTESE nanocomposite PA (BTESE-TFN) membranes for reverse osmosis. In-situ polymerization was utilized to produce BTESE nanoparticles with high dispersion in PA membranes by adding BTESE as precursors into PA membranes for in-situ polymerization Organic bridged -C-C- in BTESE provided enhanced compatibility between BTESE nanoparticles and PA membranes. The BTESE-TFN membranes showed durability with stable RO performance for more than 96 h because of the high dispersion of BTESE nanoparticles and enhanced compatibility between BTESE nanoparticles and PA membranes. The BTESE nanoparticles increased surface roughness, thickness, hydrophilicity of PA membranes. The BTESE nanoparticles changed surfaces of PA membranes to looser structure with more pores and gaps. However, low loadings of BTESE nanoparticles in the BTESE-TFN membranes were observed due to low reactivity of Si-OC₂H₅ groups in BTESE. Even so, salt rejection of prepared TFN-0.12 membrane was slightly improved to 96.81%, compared with that of prepared pristine PA membrane. The TFN-0.12 membrane showed water flux of 1.6 L/(m²•h•bar), 25% higher than the water flux of pristine PA membrane because of enlargement of pore sizes in BTESE nanoparticles, formation of a loose and rough membrane surface and enhancement of hydrophilicity of the membrane surface. Furthermore, modification of organic bridged groups in the BTESE exhibited great potential to further optimize the water flux and durability of BTESE-TFN membranes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Quality Control of Trimesoylchloride).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Quality Control of Trimesoylchloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Expanding Pd-Catalyzed C-N Bond-Forming Processes: The First Amidation of Aryl Sulfonates, Aqueous Amination, and Complementarity with Cu-Catalyzed Reactions. [Erratum to document cited in CA139:117168] was written by Huang, Xiaohua;Anderson, Kevin W.;Zim, Danilo;Jiang, Lei;Klapars, Artis;Buchwald, Stephen L.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2003.Quality Control of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate This article mentions the following:

An important reference pertinent to the Pd-catalyzed amination in water was omitted on page 6655. The work by Boche and co-workers (Wullner, G.; Jansch, H.; Kannenberg, S.; Schubert, F.; Boche, G. Chem. Commun. 1998, 1509-1510) describes one example of aryl amination in water and several examples of aryl amination in aqueous solvent mixtures using NaOH as base. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6Quality Control of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate).

tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Quality Control of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of aqueous oxidative Ugi-type reactions by copper-catalyzed surfactant-promoted C(sp³)-H direct functionalization in water was written by Xie, Chunsong;Han, Laihong. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2014.Synthetic Route of C8H10ClN This article mentions the following:

Direct assembly of α-amino amides from N-alkyl amines and isocyanides through oxidative Ugi-type reactions in aqueous conditions, has been achieved in a Cu(I)-TBHP-surfactant catalysis system. Various N-alkyl amines and isocyanides could be tolerated in this reaction and furnish α-amino amides in moderate yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1Synthetic Route of C8H10ClN).

2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Synthetic Route of C8H10ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics