Author: Jessica.F

Temperature dependence of the reactions of Cl with toluene and the xylenes was written by Frazee, W. James;Roscoe, John M.. And the article was included in International Journal of Chemical Kinetics in 2019.Formula: C8H9Cl This article mentions the following:

The temperature dependence of the rate coefficients for the reactions of Cl with toluene and the xylenes was examined from 290 to 362 K. Chem. anal. was by gas chromatog. The relative rate method was used for the kinetic anal., and the relative rate coefficients were converted to absolute values using absolute rate coefficients for the reference reactions obtained from recent critical evaluations. Most of the measurements were made at a total pressure of approx. 100 kPa in argon. There was very little temperature dependence, and variation of the total pressure and the concentration of O₂ had no effect. The values of the absolute rate coefficients were independent of the reference reaction used. The reaction of Cl with toluene was studied relative to the reactions of Cl with isobutane, ethane, propane, and n-butane. The results were virtually independent of temperature, giving a mean value of (5 ± 1) x 10^-11 cm³ mol.^-1 s^-1 for the absolute rate coefficient at 95% confidence. The reactions of Cl with the xylenes were studied relative to the reactions of Cl with isobutane, ethane, and propane. The rate coefficients were independent of the xylene isomer and had a very small neg. dependence on temperature The mean value of the absolute rate coefficient at 298 K was (1.4 ± 0.3) x 10^-10 cm3 mol.^-1 s^-1 at the 95% confidence level. The results are in satisfactory agreement with those in the literature, all of which were measured at fixed temperatures very close to 298 K. The kinetic results are discussed in relation to published descriptions of the dynamics of reactions of Cl and OH with organic compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Formula: C8H9Cl).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Formula: C8H9Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sulfonyliminoimidazolidines. A new class of oral hypoglycemic agents. 1. 1-[[p-[2-(Acylamino)ethyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]-2-iminoimidazolidines was written by Schweizer, Ernst H.;Maerki, Fritz;Lehmann, Claude;Dietrich, Henri. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1983.SDS of cas: 3438-16-2 This article mentions the following:

A series of 1-[[p-[2-(acylamino)ethyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]-2-iminoimidazolidines were prepared from I (R = H). Compounds from this new class of oral hypoglycemic agents lowered blood glucose in normal and in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Potent analogs were obtained by modification of the acyl residue. I (R = trans-MeCH:CHCO) was the most potent compound in the normal rat (20 times tolbutamide), and I (R = 5-methyl)-3-isoxazolylcarbonyl) displayed the highest potency in the diabetic rat (similar to phenformin). Structure-activity relationships were discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2SDS of cas: 3438-16-2).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).SDS of cas: 3438-16-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hydrosilylation conditions applied on alkenyl benzylated xyloses: selective reduction and isomerization was written by Hadad, Caroline;Bouquillon, Sandrine;Harakat, Dominique;Muzart, Jacques. And the article was included in Applied Organometallic Chemistry in 2009.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

In the presence of triethylsilane and different transition metal catalysts, the main reactive pathways observed from benzylated xyloses bearing an unsaturated tether were the reduction and the isomerization of the double bond without debenzylation of the sugar moiety. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nature based forward osmosis membranes: A novel approach for improved anti-fouling properties of thin film composite membranes was written by Yassari, Mehrasa;Shakeri, Alireza. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Research and Design in 2022.Quality Control of Trimesoylchloride This article mentions the following:

Herein, polyamide thin-film composite forward osmosis (TFC-FO) membranes were fabricated using beta-cyclodextrin-graft-poly acrylic acid (β-CD-g-PAA), as a nature-based graft polymer. The polymer was synthesized by free radical graft polymerization and was consequently incorporated into the active layer to enhance the hydrophilicity, anti-fouling, and overall performance of the conventional TFC-FO membrane. The effect of synthesized polymer concentration on characteristic features such as roughness, morphol., and hydrophilicity of the polymer-modified membranes was thoroughly investigated using different characterization techniques. Apart from that, the separation performance of the newly developed membranes was investigated in FO and reverse osmosis (RO) filtration systems. The transport data revealed increased water flux of around 1.5 times for the membrane which was modified with 1250 ppm of β-CD-g-PAA solution (TFC-1250) compared to pristine TFC in the FO mode. Interestingly, the mentioned membrane showed demonstrably perm-selectivity of 0.043 bar in RO filtration system. The antifouling investigations of the TFC-1250 membrane against protein and organic foulant in FO mode, not only showed minor fouling tendency, but also revealed great flux recovery ratio (FRR>98%) with a simple washing step. These observations prove the reversible characteristic of fouling in FO process. Hence, this project opens a new way to surface functionalization of TFC membranes with nature-based polymers to render selectivity as well as antifouling features to them. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Quality Control of Trimesoylchloride).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Quality Control of Trimesoylchloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metabolism of 2,4-, 2,5-, and 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene in the rabbit was written by Bray, H. G.;James, Sybil P.;Thorpe, W. V.. And the article was included in Biochemical Journal in 1957.Application In Synthesis of 5-Amino-2,4-dichlorophenol This article mentions the following:

The metabolism of 2,4-, 2,5-, and 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene has been studied in the rabbit. The main products excreted in urine are mercapturic acids (corresponding to 30-50% of the dose) and phenols conjugated with glucuronic and sulfuric acids. Smaller amounts of dichloroanilines are excreted. The mercapturic acids have been isolated and their structure has been confirmed by synthesis. In each case they are formed by substitution of the labile Cl. 2-Bromo-4-chloro-, 2-bromo-5-chloro-, and 4-bromo-3-chloronitrobenzene when fed to rabbits yield the same mercapturic acids as do the corresponding dichloronitrobenzenes. The following nitro- and aminodichlorophenols excreted have been identified: N-acetyl-S-(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-L-cysteine, m. 192°, [α]_D²⁰ in EtOH + 63 ± 3°, absorption maximum 253 mμ, 375, N-acetyl-S-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-L-cysteine 161-2, 104 ± 7, 249, 390; N-acetyl-S-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-L-cysteine 192-194, -4 ± 4, 345; 2,4-, 2,5- and 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,4-dichloro-5-nitrophenol, 3,5-dichloro-2-nitrophenol, 2-amino-3,5-dichlorophenol, 3-amino-2,6-dichlorophenol, 5-amino-2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichloro-4-nitrophenol, 3-amino-2,5-dichlorophenol, 4-amino-2,5-dichlorophenol, 2-aminodichlorophenol, 5-amino-2,3-dichlorophenol. R_f values in 3 solvents have been determined for the various possible metabolites of the dichloronitrobenzenes. 3,3′,4,4′-Tetrachloroazoxybenzene has been isolated from the urine of rabbits given 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene. The difference between the metabolic fates of the dichloronitrobenzenes and those of the monochloronitrobenzenes are discussed. Mercapturic acid formation provides the major metabolite pathway for the dichloro compounds and hydroxylation is the principal metabolite process for the monochloro compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Amino-2,4-dichlorophenol (cas: 39489-79-7Application In Synthesis of 5-Amino-2,4-dichlorophenol).

5-Amino-2,4-dichlorophenol (cas: 39489-79-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of 5-Amino-2,4-dichlorophenol

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Exploring the readthrough of nonsense mutations by non-acidic Ataluren analogues selected by ligand-based virtual screening was written by Pibiri, Ivana;Lentini, Laura;Tutone, Marco;Melfi, Raffaella;Pace, Andrea;Di Leonardo, Aldo. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Reference of 1711-11-1 This article mentions the following:

Ataluren, also known as PTC124, is a 5-(fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl-benzoic acid suggested to suppress nonsense mutations by readthrough of premature stop codons in the mRNA. Potential interaction of PTC124 with mRNA has been recently studied by mol. dynamics simulations highlighting the importance of H-bonding and stacking π-π interactions. A series of non-acidic analogs of PTC124 were selected from a large database via a ligand-based virtual screening approach. Eight of them were synthesized and tested for their readthrough activity using the Fluc reporter harboring the UGA premature stop codon. The most active compound was further tested for suppression of the UGA nonsense mutation in the bronchial epithelial IB3.1 cell line carrying the W1282X mutation in the CFTR gene. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1Reference of 1711-11-1).

3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Reference of 1711-11-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products across Different Water Bodies in Taihu Lake Basin, China: Occurrence, Source, and Flux was written by Huang, Jichao;Ding, Jiannan;Jiang, Hang;Wang, Zhenguo;Zheng, Lixing;Song, Xiaojun;Zou, Hua. And the article was included in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

Although pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted great attentions, their occurrence characteristics across different water bodies at a basin scale remain poorly understood. To grasp a more comprehensive understanding of PPCP pollution from the perspective of the whole basin, the occurrence, spatial and seasonal variation, source, and flux of thirteen PPCPs across the different environmental compartments of the northern Taihu Lake Basin (TLB) were studied. The results showed that the non-therapeutic pharmaceuticals caffeine (CFI) and n, n-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) were the main components across the different environmental compartments. The total concentrations of detected PPCPs ranged from 0.2 to 2437.9 ng/L. Higher concentrations of PPCPs were observed in spring and autumn, which were mainly attributed to seasonal differences in PPCP consumption. Generally, pollution level was higher in industry and agriculture area and in the inner bay and southwest of Taihu Lake. Source apportionment indicated that untreated water was the main source of PPCPs in river waters of the northern TLB. Flux estimation showed that the mean annual flux of PPCPs from northern TLB to Taihu Lake in 2021 was 1.6 t/a, which was higher in comparison with other areas. Overall, the resulting data will be useful to enrich the research of PPCPs in freshwater for environmental investigations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Supported transition-metal catalysts for the C-C coupling reaction between ethene and diazoalkanes was written by Schneider, M. E.;Moehring U.;Werner, H.. And the article was included in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry in 1996.COA of Formula: C8H16Cl2Ir2 This article mentions the following:

The preparation of series of immobilized transition-metal catalyst are reported. The catalysts were obtained by chemisorption either Rh(I) complexes [MX(C₂H₄)₂]_n (M = Rh, Ir; X = Cl, OAc, acac, f₃-acac, f₆-acac) on SiO₂ or MgO supports. The oxides were also activated by SiCl₄ or TiCl₄ to give support materials in which the acidic nature of the surface is substantially increased. The activity of the immobilized catalysts was tested, particularly in the reaction of ethene with diphenyldiazomethane which yields a mixture of 1,1-diphenylpropene (8) and 1,1-diphenylcyclopropane (9). The most active and most selective (highest ratio 8:9) catalyst B1 was formed from support material B (SiO₂ activated by SiCl₄) and [RhCl(C₂H₄)₂]₂ (1) and both the activity and selectivity of B1 was comparable with that of complex 1 in solution In contrast, the supported catalysts A2, D2 and A3, D3 obtained from [Rh(OAc)(C₂H₄)₂]₂ (2) and [Rh(acac)(C₂H₄)₂] (3) and silica (A) and MgO (D) were less active than compounds 2 and 3 in solution The immobilized catalysts A6, A7, D7 and E7, which were generated from the chloro- and acetatoiridium(I) complexes [IrCl(C₂H₄)₂]₂ (6) and [Ir(OAc)(C₂H₄)₂]₂ (7), possessed a lower activity than the Rh counterparts. With diazoalkanes other than Ph₂CN₂, the activity of the supported catalyst B1 was partly higher and partly lower than that of 1 in the homogeneous phase. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Chlorobis(ethylene)iridium(I) dimer (cas: 39722-81-1COA of Formula: C8H16Cl2Ir2).

Chlorobis(ethylene)iridium(I) dimer (cas: 39722-81-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).COA of Formula: C8H16Cl2Ir2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Assembly of multicyclic isoquinoline scaffolds from pyridines: formal total synthesis of fredericamycin A was written by Wang, Fang-Xin;Yan, Jia-Lei;Liu, Zhixin;Zhu, Tingshun;Liu, Yingguo;Ren, Shi-Chao;Lv, Wen-Xin;Jin, Zhichao;Chi, Yonggui Robin. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2021.SDS of cas: 442903-28-8 This article mentions the following:

The construction of an isoquinoline skeleton typically starts with benzene derivatives as substrates with the assistance of acids or transition metals. Disclosed here is a concise approach to prepare isoquinoline analogs by starting with pyridines to react with β-ethoxy α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds under basic conditions. Multiple substitution patterns and a relatively large number of functional groups (including those sensitive to acidic conditions) can be tolerated the method. In particular, protocol allows for efficient access to tricyclic isoquinolines found in hundreds of natural products with interesting bioactivities. The efficiency and operational simplicity of introducing structural complexity into the isoquinoline frameworks can likely enable the collective synthesis of a large set of natural products. Here show that fredericamycin A could be obtained via a short route by using isoquinoline synthesis as a key step. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2,4-dichloronicotinate (cas: 442903-28-8SDS of cas: 442903-28-8).

Methyl 2,4-dichloronicotinate (cas: 442903-28-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).SDS of cas: 442903-28-8

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In vitro biotransformation of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine-derived cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor bohemine by mouse liver microsomes was written by Rypka, M.;Vesely, J.;Chmela, Z.;Riegrova, D.;Cervenkova, K.;Havlicek, L.;Lemr, K.;Hanus, J.;Cerny, B.;Lukes, J.;Michalikova, K.. And the article was included in Xenobiotica in 2002.Product Details of 203436-45-7 This article mentions the following:

1. Biotransformation pathways of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 6-benzylamino-2-(3-hydroxypropylamino)-9-isopropylpurine (bohemine) by mouse liver microsomes in vitro were investigated. 2. Metabolite profiles of [8-3H]-labeled bohemine were established by TLC/3H-autoradiog. and enzymic and MS analyses were used to elucidate the chem. structures of the metabolites. The structures of the main primary metabolites were confirmed by synthesis of authentic compounds 3. A schema of the primary NADPH-dependent pathways has been proposed involving N2- and N9-dealkylation, N6-debenzylation, aromatic hydroxylation, and C2 side chain oxidation of bohemine. Three of the primary metabolites detected, 6-(benzylamino)-2-(3-hydroxypropylamino)purine (M4), 6-amino-2-(3-hydroxypropylamino)-9-isopropylpurine (M5) and 6-(4-hydroxybenzylamino)-2-(3-hydroxypropylamino)-9-isopropylpurine (M6), all retaining their parent primary hydroxyl group, were subsequently shown to be converted, by a liver cytosolic NAD⁺-dependent system, into their corresponding carboxylic acids. M6 was subject to microsomal glycosidations requiring UDP-sugar donors. NADPH-dependent conversion of M6 into M5 by microsomes was also demonstrated. 4. Cytochrome P 450 (CYP) enzymes-selective inhibitors were used to identify CYPs involved in bohemine biotransformation. The findings suggested that CYP2A and CYP3A substantially contributed to the NADPH-dependent bohemine transformation in vitro. 5. The findings will facilitate experiments designed to dissect enzymic systems catalyzing clearance of C2,C6,N9-trisubstituted purine compounds from mammalian tissues. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7Product Details of 203436-45-7).

2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Product Details of 203436-45-7

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics