Author: Jessica.F

In an article, author is Xia, Chengkai, once mentioned the application of 432-21-3, Recommanded Product: 432-21-3, Name is 2-Amino-6-chlorobenzotrifluoride, molecular formula is C7H5ClF3N, molecular weight is 195.57, MDL number is MFCD00082799, category is chlorides-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

A highly activated iron phosphate over-layer for enhancing photoelectrochemical ammonia decomposition

Environmentally friendly ammonia (NH3) decomposition has attracted a lot of interests in recent years to resolve the issue of water eutrophication from a wastewater and achieve a clean H-2 storage. Here, we report a novel strategy for solar-driven ammonia decomposition by introducing a highly-activated iron phosphate (FePi) over layer on the surface of alpha-Fe2O3 nanorods photoanode (FePi/Fe2O3), and innovatively propose a photo electrochemical (PEC) ammonia degradation system with enhanced performance. After a facile electrochemical (EC) activation, the FePi over-layer is converted into FeOOH. The EC-activated over-layer provides the efficient active sites for the ammonia adsorption process, which promotes the high catalytic kinetics for ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR). Due to the synergistic effect of the electrocatalytic and the photocatalytic process, the FePi/Fe2O3 exhibits the enhanced PEC AOR performance, which competes with water oxidation reaction (WOR). Comparing to the initial concentration of ammonia, the FePi/Fe2O3 achieves a 54.4% ammonia degradation rate within 3 h at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under 1 sun illumination, which demonstrates the reliable ammonia decomposition performance. This study confirms that it is feasible to achieve PEC ammonia decomposition in an aqueous solution without chloride mediators and provides a promising strategy for the harmless treatment of ammonia wastewater.

Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 432-21-3, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Recommanded Product: 432-21-3.

Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is Gautam, Ramu, once mentioned the application of 139631-62-2, Name is Cyclopropanesulfonylchloride, molecular formula is C3H5ClO2S, molecular weight is 140.5886, MDL number is MFCD01631933, category is chlorides-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Recommanded Product: 139631-62-2.

Theoretical and experimental study of choline chloride-carboxylic acid deep eutectic solvents and their hydrogen bonds

In the field of green chemistry, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have seen extensive use and research in last two decades. Two carboxylic acid-choline chloride DES were studied using experimental Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and computational Density Functional Theory (DFT). Geometry optimization, vibrational analysis, and assignment of vibrational frequencies were performed using two DFT methods: B3LYP and BLYP. The resemblance to the experimental FTIR vibrations with calculated vibrations established that both the methods can be used to simulate experimental DES. Vibrations that would be impossible to identify and characterize using experimental methods were identified using DFT simulations. Optimized structures as well as experimental spectra were analyzed to prove the existence of hydrogen bonds and to study their lengths and changes when DES are synthesized from components. Atoms in Molecules theory was applied to study hydrogen bonding in these DES. The chlorine ion in choline chloride was found to form a strong hydrogen bond with acetic acid and formic acid in their DES formed with choline chloride. The choline ion was also found to act as a hydrogen bond donor in forming a strong hydrogen bond with acetic acid and formic acid. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.874-42-0, Name is 2,4-Dichlorobenzaldehyde, SMILES is O=CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Kang, Chuyu, introduce the new discover, Computed Properties of C7H4Cl2O.

Studies on the surface properties and microaggregates of cationic/anionic surfactant mixtures based on sulfonate gemini surfactant

The surface properties and the microaggregates of a sulfonate gemini surfactant 12-bis(N-dodecyl-N-propane sulfonate sodium)-ethane (SGS12) and conventional cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) mixtures were studied. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of SGS12, CTAB, and SGS12/CTAB mixtures (1:1) were 0.0045, 0.89 and 0.0031 mmol.dm(-3), respectively. By changing the molar ratios of SGS12 to CTAB, the transitions between micelles and vesicles were observed. When n(SGS12):n(CTAB) = 4:6, the size of surfactant aggregates increased abruptly to 68.06 nm, and a pale blue opalescence appeared, which was consistent with the size and optical characteristics of the vesicles. The hydrodynamic diameter (D-H) of all surfactant aggregates increases with the increase of temperature from 35 degrees C to 50 degrees C. Especially at n(SGS12):n(CTAB) = 6:4, we observed a temperature-induced transition from micelles to vesicles. We also investigated the effects of 1-propanol on the SGS12/CTAB precipitate. At n(SGS12):n(CTAB) = 4:6, the addition of 1-propanol led to the precipitate -> vesicles -> micelles transition. Moreover, the addition of NaCl increased the aggregate size of the SGS12/CTAB mixtures, and we observed the light blue opalescence. The addition of NaCl induced the formation of vesicles. As a result, the SGS12/CTAB mixtures have more excellent surface activity than either component. By changing the composition, temperature, the concentration of salt, and the volume fraction of alcohol, the transition of precipitation -> vesicles -> micelles can be achieved. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 874-42-0 is helpful to your research. Computed Properties of C7H4Cl2O.

Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 112-26-5, Name is 1,2-Bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane, SMILES is ClCCOCCOCCCl, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Han, Yuanyuan, introduce the new discover, Quality Control of 1,2-Bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane.

Has Stratospheric HCl in the Northern Hemisphere Been Increasing Since 2005?

Stratospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) is the main stratospheric reservoir of chlorine, deriving from the decomposition of chlorine-containing source gases. Its trend has been used as a metric of ozone depletion or recovery. Using the latest satellite observations, it is found that the significant increase of Northern Hemisphere stratospheric HCl during 2010-2011 can mislead the trend of HCl in recent decades. In agreement with previous studies, HCl increased from 2005 to 2011; however, when the large increase of stratospheric HCl during 2010-2011 is removed, the increasing linear trend from 2005 to 2011 becomes weak and insignificant. In addition, the linear trend of Northern Hemisphere stratospheric HCl from 2005 to 2016 is also weak and insignificant. The significant increase of HCl during 2010-2011 is attributed to a strong northern polar vortex and a weakened residual circulation, which slowed down the transport of HCl between the low-mid latitudes and the high latitudes, leading to an accumulation of HCl in the middle latitudes of the stratosphere. In addition, a weakened residual circulation leads to enhance conversion of chlorine-containing source gases of different lifetimes to HCl, thus increasing the levels of HCl. Simulations by both chemistry transport and chemistry-climate models support the result. It is further found that the joint effect of a La Nina event, the west phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation and positive anomalies of sea surface temperature in the North Pacific is responsible for the strong northern polar vortex and a weakened residual circulation.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 112-26-5 is helpful to your research. Quality Control of 1,2-Bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 112-26-5, Name is 1,2-Bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane, molecular formula is C6H12Cl2O2, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Wang, Zhonglei, introduce the new discover, HPLC of Formula: C6H12Cl2O2.

Chinese herbal medicine: Fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection on all fronts

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly pathogenic virus that has spread rapidly across the entire world. There is a critical need to develop safe and effective drugs, especially broad-spectrum antiviral and organ protection agents in order to treat and prevent this dangerous disease. It is possible that Chinese herbal medicine may play an essential role in the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Aim of the review: We aim to review the use of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 both in vitro and in clinical practice. Our goal was to provide a better understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine and to establish a Chinese protocol for the treatment of COVID-19. Materials and methods: We systematically reviewed published research relating to traditional Chinese herbal medicines and the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 from inception to the 6th January 2021 by screening a range of digital databases (Web of Science, bioRxiv, medRxiv, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, X-MOL, Wanfang Data, Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, and other resources) and public platforms relating to the management of clinical trials. We included the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines, monomer preparations, crude extracts, and formulas for the treatment of COVID-19. Results: In mainland China, a range of Chinese herbal medicines have been recognized as very promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, including active ingredients (quercetagetin, osajin, tetrandrine, proscillaridin A, and dihydromyricetin), monomer preparations (xiyanping injection, matrine-sodium chloride injection, diammonium glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules, and sodium aescinate injection), crude extracts (Scutellariae Radix extract and garlic essential oil), and formulas (Qingfei Paidu decoction, Lianhuaqingwen capsules, and Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid). All these agents have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 and have attracted significant attention due to their activities both in vitro and in clinical practice. Conclusions: As a key component of the COVID-19 treatment regimen, Chinese herbal medicines have played an irreplaceable role in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Chinese protocol has already demonstrated clear clinical importance. The use of Chinese herbal medicines that are capable of inhibiting SARS-Cov-2 infection may help to address this immediate unmet clinical need and may be attractive to other countries that are also seeking new options for effective COVID-19 treatment. Our analyses suggest that countries outside of China should also consider protocols involving Chinese herbal medicines combat this fast-spreading viral infection.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 112-26-5. HPLC of Formula: C6H12Cl2O2.

Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate, 638-07-3, Name is Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate, SMILES is O=C(OCC)CC(CCl)=O, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Jerzak, Wojciech, introduce the new discover.

Examination of inorganic gaseous species and condensed phases during coconut husk combustion based on thermodynamic equilibrium predictions

Multi-component thermodynamic equilibrium predictions of coconut husk combustion products were performed in this work. The calculation results showed that the concentration of the chlorine species in the flue gas and ash were clearly influenced by the combustion temperature. At temperatures below 820 degrees C the highest concentration was HCl(g), and above 820 degrees C was KCl(g). Chlorine species were also observed in ash, as KCl-NaCl-RbCl solid solution (when the combustion temperature was lower than 700 degrees C), and KCl-NaCl-K2SO4-Na2SO4 liquid solution (in the range of 600-960 degrees C). At low combustion temperatures (600 degrees C), chlorine retention in solid ash was the most effective. Speciation of inorganic gaseous species and condensed phases were investigated also during flue gas cooling from 1000 to 200 degrees C. Major condensed phase compositions were dominated by alkali metal salts in both solid and liquid phase states. In addition, the Gibbs energy of substance formation, and Gibbs reaction energy, in order to thoroughly interpret the thermodynamic predictions were determined. Finally, thirty seven eutectic points for binary systems calculated in the Phase Diagram module of the FactSage package were presented. For the purposes of interpreting the results, the melting point ranking for pure substances and binary systems were created. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 638-07-3. Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate.

Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 14862-52-3, Name is 3,5-Dibromochlorobenzene, SMILES is C1=C(C=C(Br)C=C1Br)Cl, in an article , author is Michailoudi, Georgia, once mentioned of 14862-52-3, Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Aqueous-phase behavior of glyoxal and methylglyoxal observed with carbon and oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Glyoxal (CHOCHO) and methylglyoxal (CH3C(O)CHO) are well-known components of atmospheric particles and their properties can impact atmospheric chemistry and cloud formation. To get information on their hydration states in aqueous solutions and how they are affected by the addition of inorganic salts (sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)), we applied carbon and oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in transmission mode. The recorded C K-edge spectra show that glyoxal is completely hydrated in the dilute aqueous solutions, in line with previous studies. For methylglyoxal, supported by quantum chemical calculations we identified not only C-H, C=O and C-OH bonds, but also fingerprints of C-OH(CH2) and C=C bonds. The relatively low intensity of C=O transitions implies that the monohydrated form of methylglyoxal is not favored in the solutions. Instead, the spectral intensity is stronger in regions where products of aldol condensation and enol tautomers of the monohydrates contribute. The addition of salts was found to introduce only very minor changes to absorption energies and relative intensities of the observed absorption features, indicating that XAS in the near-edge region is not very sensitive to these intermolecular organic-inorganic interactions at the studied concentrations. The identified structures of glyoxal and methylglyoxal in an aqueous environment support the uptake of these compounds to the aerosol phase in the presence of water and their contribution to secondary organic aerosol formation.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 14862-52-3, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 2516-96-3, Name is 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid, molecular formula is C7H4ClNO4. In an article, author is Thomas, C.,once mentioned of 2516-96-3, Quality Control of 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid.

Effect of high temperature and accelerated aging in high density micro-concrete

The design of concrete often requires numerous mix proportions and tentative mixings, which translates into a great number of specimens and tests. The process may be optimized by using small-scale specimens, which results in the saving of material, equipment and time, offering advantages such as better handling, easy kneading or smaller curing spaces. Nevertheless, the ability of small-scale specimens to reproduce the experimental properties determined through conventional samples is an open issue. The hypothesis of this study is that the differences between standard and small-scale specimens may be mitigated by applying a change of scale to the aggregates. The durability of high-density concrete for radiation shielding, in terms of weathering resistance and behaviour against heating cycles, has been determined by means of conventional and small-scale specimens (including scaled aggregates). The effects of various aggressive external agents (heating cycles, seawater and water with K2SO4) and the correlation between the results from scaled and standard specimens were determined. The analysis of the results enabled to establish the suitability of the use of micro-concretes to characterize concretes. In this study, the correlations between scaled and non-scaled models have been obtained in properties such as compressive strength, mass variation and ultrasonic pulse velocity after undergoing durability and thermal exposition tests. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Synthetic Route of 19692-45-6, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 19692-45-6, Name is 1-(tert-Butyl)-4-(chloromethyl)benzene, SMILES is ClCC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Zhang, Zhuangwei, introduce new discover of the category.

Ethyl acetate fraction from Nymphaea hybrida Peck modulates inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and acute inflammation murine models

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Nymphaea hybrida Peck is used as a traditional medicinal herb for treating pain and inflammatory diseases, and known for its ornamental value and as a hot drink. However, the effects of N. hybrida polar fractions on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in vitro inflammation model and acute inflammation murine models have yet to be evaluated. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effects of N. hybrida ethanol extract (NHE) and its polar fractions: petroleum ether (PE), methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (ME), and water (WA). The underlying molecular mechanisms of active fraction in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were further investigated. Material and methods: Fractions with potential anti-inflammatory effects were screened using direct nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition assays in vitro. The anti-inflammatory properties of potential fraction were evaluated in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenaninduced paw edema and xylene-induced Evans blue exudation of acute inflammation murine models. The regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were investigated using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results: Compared to other polar fractions, NHE-EA displayed higher phenol and flavonoid content, and exerted greater activity in direct NO radical scavenging and COX-2 inhibition assay in vitro. NHE-EA markedly decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators, NO and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), by suppressing the over-expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The NHE-EA fraction dose dependently alleviated over-elevation of LPS-associated intracellular calcium and decreased the abnormal secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The combination with NHE-EA effectively attenuated the activation and nuclear trans location of NF-kappa B p65, and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 kinases of MAPK pathways. NHE-EA could significantly ameliorate the degree of swelling of the mice ear and paw, the skin exudation of Evans blue and the excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that NHE-EA was the most active polar fraction of N. hybrida extracts. It inhibited the LPS-associated inflammatory response by blocking the activation of NF-kappa B and MAPKs pathways in RAW264.7 cells. It also effectively alleviated the inflammatory response of acute inflammation. These results

Synthetic Route of 19692-45-6, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 19692-45-6.

Electric Literature of 57-15-8, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 57-15-8, Name is 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methylpropan-2-ol, SMILES is CC(O)(C)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Quan, Jiaxin, introduce new discover of the category.

A Visible-Light-Regulated Chloride Transport Channel Inspired by Rhodopsin

Inspired by the light-regulating capabilities of naturally occurring rhodopsin, we have constructed a visible-light-regulated Cl–transport membrane channel based on a supramolecular host-guest interaction. A natural retinal chromophore, capable of a visible-light response, is used as the guest and grafted into the artificial channel. Upon introduction of an ethyl-urea-derived pillar[6]arene (Urea-P6) host, threading or de-threading of the retinal and selective bonding of Cl- can be utilized to regulate ion transport. Based on the visible-light responsiveness of the host-guest interaction, Cl- transport can be regulated by visible light between ON and OFF states. Visible-light-regulated Cl- transport as a chemical model permits to understand comparable biological ion-selective transport behaviors. Furthermore, this result also supplies a smart visible-light-responsive Cl- transporter, which may have applications in natural photoelectric conversion and photo-controlled delivery systems.

Electric Literature of 57-15-8, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 57-15-8.