Author: Jessica.F

Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. , Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks, 320-51-4, Name is 4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline, molecular formula is C7H5ClF3N, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Yao, Y., introduce the new discover.

Influence of typical electrolytes on electrooxidation of bio-refractory reactive dye

Electrochemical oxidation is a promising alternative for the degradation of reactive dyestuffs in residual dyeing liquid, which contains organic dyes, as well as salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. In this work, three kinds of salts, Na2SO4, NaCl and FeSO4, were selected to study the influence of electrolytes on the electrochemical oxidation of recalcitrant reactive red X-3B, using graphite cathode and dimensionally stable anode or graphite anode. The removals of color and chemical oxygen demand have been evaluated. Color removals were 99.97% and 99.84% with graphite anode and dimensionally stable anode in Na2SO4 and NaCl electrolyte. The corresponding chemical oxygen demand removals were 93.60% and 100%. In contrast, the maximum color and chemical oxygen demand removals were 97.32% and 68.76% in FeSO4 electrolyte. It was found that a combination of NaCl and FeSO4 achieved complete oxygen demand removal for both graphite anode and dimensionally stable anode. During the electrochemical oxidation process, anode and electrolyte exhibited a great effect on pH variations. Based on the cyclic voltammetry and active oxidative species investigations, the oxidation of reactive red X-3B was attributed to indirect oxidation of active chlorine and reactive oxygen species.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 320-51-4. Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks.

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 2156-56-1, Name is Sodium 2,2-dichloroacetate, molecular formula is C2HCl2NaO2. In an article, author is Nava-Ocampo, Maria F.,once mentioned of 2156-56-1, Safety of Sodium 2,2-dichloroacetate.

Sacrificial coating development for biofouling control in membrane systems

Current cleaning strategies for biofouling control on spiral wound membrane systems used for seawater desalination are not effective and can hinder long-term membrane performance. To enable effective cleaning of a membrane, we examined the in-situ application and the use of a sacrificial multilayer polyelectrolyte coating on the membrane surface. The membrane coating was based on a layer-by-layer assembly approach using two nontoxic linkers, poly (diallyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride) and poly(sodium-4-styrene sulfonate). This polyelectrolyte coating was effectively applied on the membrane surface under cross-flow conditions, and it was stable on the membrane surface under continuous operation. Coating removal requires only a concentrated sodium chloride solution (synthetic brine in our study) adjusted to pH 11. Using this procedure, both the biofilm and the sacrificial layer could be simultaneously removed, leaving a clean surface compared to the non-coated membrane. Biofouling tests showed that the coated membrane had two-fold higher permeate flux recovery than the control non-coated membrane. The used polyelectrolyte sacrificial coatings avoided the use of toxic linkers and harsh cleaning chemicals, and thus it is a suitable technique for biofouling control on reverse osmosis spiral wound membranes.

Interested yet? Keep reading other articles of 2156-56-1, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Safety of Sodium 2,2-dichloroacetate.

Electric Literature of 2156-56-1, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 2156-56-1, Name is Sodium 2,2-dichloroacetate, SMILES is O=C([O-])C(Cl)Cl.[Na+], belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Ejaz, Uroosa, introduce new discover of the category.

Cellulose extraction from methyltrioctylammonium chloride pretreated sugarcane bagasse and its application

Cellulose, the most abundant feedstock of chemicals and energy is extracted from various agro-industrial wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse (SB). Pretreatment of SB with ionic liquids improves extraction of cellulose, yet the use of ionic liquid is hindered by its high cost. In this study, cellulose was extracted from SB pretreated with methyltrioctylammonium chloride under relatively mild conditions. The extracted cellulose from pretreated SB (PTB) and untreated SB (UTB) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and FTIR. Fermentation of cellulose extracted from PTB by a thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus aestuarii UE25, yielded 245.16% higher titers of cellulase than cellulose extracted from UTB. The recyclability of the IL was assessed to make the pretreatment process cost effective and was monitored through TLC and FTIR. The results of this research demonstrated the potential of ionic liquid pretreated SB for cellulose extraction and for its subsequent utilization in thermostable cellulase production. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electric Literature of 2156-56-1, The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a substrate. Enzyme inhibitors cause a decrease in the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.I hope my blog about 2156-56-1 is helpful to your research.

Related Products of 50-30-6, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 50-30-6, Name is 2,6-Dichlorobenzoic acid, SMILES is O=C(O)C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Pan, Peiyuan, introduce new discover of the category.

Investigation on the Corrosion of the Elbows in the Flue Gas Cooler of a 600 MW Coal-Fired Power Plant

Sulfuric acid condensation has long been considered as the major cause of the corrosion issues at the cold-end of coal-fired boilers. However, in a flue gas cooler, where flue gas is cooled to around 90 degrees C for heat recovery, the influence of chlorides might be underestimated. In this article, some elbows of the heat transfer tubes in the flue gas cooler of a coal-fired power plant were found to be badly corroded, after a 5-year operation. The corroded elbows, coupled with the corrosion products and deposits on the tube wall, were sampled and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and ion chromatography. The results indicated that chlorides, unexpectedly, formed in flue gas before the dew point for hydrochloric acid was met. The corrosion layer on the steel surface was mainly composed of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and FeO(OH), while showing an oxidation gradient in depth. The sulfates in the corrosion products were rather limited. Instead, Cl- from the deposits gradually accumulated deep inside the corrosion layer, resulting in a considerable generation of Cl-containing compounds. The enrichment of Cl induced cracking and spalling of the corrosion products, and greatly accelerated the failure of the tube wall.

Related Products of 50-30-6, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 50-30-6.

Chemistry is an experimental science, Product Details of 593-71-5, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 593-71-5, Name is Chloroiodomethane, molecular formula is CH2ClI, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Abou-Elanwar, Ali M..

Water vapor dehumidification using thin-film nanocomposite membranes by the in situ formation of ultrasmall size iron-chelated nanoparticles

A facile in situ method by which to incorporate iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) entrapped by iron-chelated hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (HPEI) within a polyamide (PA) matrix was successfully applied to form thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. The mechanism of the formation of Fe-HPEI-IONPs and their incorporation into the PA matrix are proposed. The performance of the membranes coated with Fe-HPEI-IONP-TMC combination underwent a mixed water vapor test with N-2 gas with different operating parameters. Additionally, the effect of operating time on relative humity and the antibacterial properties were studied. The TFN membranes showed a significant improvement in the membranes Fe-HPEI-IONP content, hydrophilicity, and roughness, providing evidence of their outstanding performance as compared to pristine and thin film composite (TFC) membranes. The best performance of membranes achieved by water vapor/N-2 permeation was a water vapor permeance value of 2093 GPU and a water vapor/N-2 selectivity value of 1050 at a feed flow rate of 1 L/min and relative humidity of 70% for the M(40) TFN membrane with an iron chloride concentration of 40% with respect to HPEI. Moreover, the M(40) TFN membrane showed excellent anti-biofouling performance as compared to pristine PSf and TFC membranes, likely due to the biocidal effect of IONPs and Fe(III) ions toward E coli.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 593-71-5. Product Details of 593-71-5.

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 1005-56-7, Name is O-Phenyl carbonochloridothioate, SMILES is S=C(Cl)OC1=CC=CC=C1, in an article , author is Xing, Tong, once mentioned of 1005-56-7, Quality Control of O-Phenyl carbonochloridothioate.

Effect of high intensity ultrasound on the gelation properties of wooden breast meat with different NaCl contents

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of different high intensity ultrasound (HIU) amplitudes on the gelation properties of wooden breast (WB) meat batter prepared with 1% and 2% NaCl. Results indicated that HIU effectively enhanced the water holding capacity (WHC) of WB at 1% and 2% NaCl, and enabled WB to obtain better WHC than the normal. The thermal stability of WB was affected by HIU, and the difference of G'(end) between WB and normal was reduced at 2% NaCl. HIU continuously decreased the particle size of WB at 1% NaCl, whereas opposite trends were observed at 2% NaCl. In addition, HIU transformed alpha-helix structure of WB to random coil at 1% NaCl, whereas to beta-sheet structure at 2% NaCl. Overall, HIU can be utilized to improve the gelation properties of WB meat with the potential to produce low- and common-salt gel-type meat products.

Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 1005-56-7, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Quality Control of O-Phenyl carbonochloridothioate.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 19692-45-6, Name is 1-(tert-Butyl)-4-(chloromethyl)benzene, molecular formula is C11H15Cl, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Dhabal, Debdas, introduce the new discover, Application In Synthesis of 1-(tert-Butyl)-4-(chloromethyl)benzene.

Molecular simulation of osmometry in aqueous solutions of the BMIMCl ionic liquid: a potential route to force field parameterization of liquid mixtures

Despite widespread development and use of ionic liquids (ILs) in both academic and industrial research, computational force fields (FFs) for most of those are not available for a precise description of inter-species interactions in aqueous environments. In the scope of this study, by means of molecular simulations, the osmotic coefficient of an aqueous solution of an IL is calculated and used as a basis to reparameterize popular IL-FFs existing in the literature. We first calculate the osmotic coefficients (at 298.15 K and 1 atm pressure) of aqueous solutions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl), a generic IL, popularly used in biomass processing and the subsequent conversion to value-added intermediates. The performance of two popular atomic, nonpolarizable FFs developed for BMIMCl, one by Lopes, Padua, and coworkers (FF-LP) and the other by Sambasivarao, Acevedo, and coworkers (FF-SA), when mixed with the SPC/E water model, is tested with respect to their ability to reproduce the experimental osmotic coefficient data. Interestingly, the osmotic coefficient is found to be increasing with a gradual increase in IL molality within the concentration range of our investigation, which is contrary to the experimental trend reported in the literature for the same IL-water mixture. Henceforth, necessary corrections to the nonbonded ion-ion and ion-water interactions are made to match the experimental osmotic coefficient. To further assess the reliability of the new FF, we extensively explore the thermodynamic (density, isothermal compressibility, and thermal expansion coefficient), dynamic (diffusivity and viscosity), and association/dissociation properties (rationalized with the help of radial distribution functions) with both the original and reparameterized FF for a wider range of concentrations up to a molality of 18.50 mol kg(-1). The calculated quantities are compared against experimental data wherever available. The modified FF parameters exhibit significant improvements in terms of its ability to match experimental solution properties, such as density, viscosity, association/dissociation, etc. We report that excessive dissociation of BMIMCl in water is responsible for the shortcomings observed in the original FFs and improved prediction of physicochemical properties could be achieved using the modified FFs.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 19692-45-6. Application In Synthesis of 1-(tert-Butyl)-4-(chloromethyl)benzene.

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 2516-96-3, Name is 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid, SMILES is C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=CC(=C1C(=O)O)Cl, in an article , author is Riferte, Flavia Biassio, once mentioned of 2516-96-3, Product Details of 2516-96-3.

Potassium fertilization for white oat and maize in integrated crop-livestock system under no-tillage

Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) are diversified agroecosystems characterized by the rotation, succession or mixtures of agricultural, livestock or forestry activities, in no-tillage systems. In ICLS with trees, the tree modifies the light and water availability, and might generate root competition for nutrients, like potassium (K). The study aims to evaluate dry matter (DM) and macronutrients accumulation in white oat, DM and grain yield of maize, and the K use efficiency (KUE) by these crops cultivated in an ICLS with eucalyptus. The experimental design was a randomized block in a split-plot design with three replications. Plots consisted of four cultivation positions (CP) between the tree rows, where CP1 (0 to 4 m distance) refers to a position close to the trees; CP2 (4 to 8 m distance) and CP4 (12 to 16 m distance) corresponds to two intermediate positions between rows; and CP3 (8 to 12 m distance) corresponds to a central position between rows. In subplots, four potassium oxide (K2O) annual doses were assigned, with potassium chloride being applied on the surface, where each rate was half the rate applied at sowing of each crop. DM and macronutrients accumulation in white oat shoot decreased due to eucalyptus shadow (64.5% light restriction). Responses of maize DM and grain yield to K2O addition were different among CPs, possibly owing to different light patterns. No changes in the maize yield were observed with K2O application in CP1 and CP2. However, for other positions, quadratic responses in grain yield were observed. In ICLS with eucalyptus in a subtropical region of Brazil, the reduction of K fertilization led to lower yields in white oat and maize. As KUE was high in plots with low K rate, the production cost in ICLS with trees may be decreased if massive production is not required.

Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 2516-96-3, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Product Details of 2516-96-3.

Electric Literature of 74-11-3, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 74-11-3, Name is 4-Chlorobenzoic acid, SMILES is O=C(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Yuan, Jia-Jia, introduce new discover of the category.

A lithiated gel polymer electrolyte with superior interfacial performance for safe and long-life lithium metal battery

Rechargeable lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have gained much attention recently. However, the short lifespan and safety issues restrict their commercial applications. Here we report a novel gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on lithiated poly(vinyl chloride-r-acrylic acid) (PVCAALi) to realize dendrite-suppressing and long-term stable lithium metal cycling. PVC chains ensure the quick gelation process and high electrolyte uptake, and lithiated PAA segments enable the increase of mechanical strength, acceleration of lithium-ion transmission and improvement of interfacial compatibility. PVCAALi GPE showed much higher mechanical strength compared with other free-standing GPEs in previous works. It displays a superior ionic conductivity of 1.50 mS cm(-1) and a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.59 at room temperature. Besides, the lithiated GPE exhibits excellent interfacial compatibility with lithium metal anodes. Lithium symmetrical cells with PVCAALi GPE yield low hysteresis of 50 mV over 1000 h at 1.0 mA cm(-2). And the possible mechanism of the lithiated GPE with improved lithium-ion transfer and interfacial property was discussed. Accordingly, both the Li4Ti5O12/Li and lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells assembled with PVCAALi GPE show outstanding electrochemical performance, retaining high discharge capacities of 133.8 mAh g(-1) and 603.8 mAh g(-1 )over 200 cycles, respectively. This work proves excellent application potential of the highly effective and low-cost PVCAALi GPE in safe and long-life LMBs. (C) 2020 Published by ELSEVIER B.V. and Science Press on behalf of Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Electric Literature of 74-11-3, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 74-11-3.

Let¡¯s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn, Computed Properties of C6H5ClFN, Especially from a beginner¡¯s point of view. Like 367-21-5, Name is 3-Chloro-4-fluoroaniline, molecular formula is chlorides-buliding-blocks, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Zhang, Zhen, introducing its new discovery.

Molecular study of heterogeneous mercury conversion mechanism over Cu-MOFs: Oxidation pathway and effect of halogen

Copper-based metal-organic frameworks is one new porous sorbent to efficiently remove elemental mercury (Hg-0) in the flue gas. The lack of an in-depth understanding of heterogeneous mercury conversion mechanism over Cu-MOFs significantly limits their potential application and further targeted modification for gaseous mercury removal. Therefore, mercury adsorption profiles and oxidation pathways had been established, based on the density functional theory (DFT). The results show that the chemisorption mechanism dominates the adsorption processes of different mercury species (Hg-0, HgO, HgCl, and HgBr), with the adsorption energy ranging from -33.13 to -383.99 kJ/mol. The oxidizing mercury species are with higher adsorption energy than elemental mercury. The unsaturated C site is a more effective site for mercury adsorption than the unsaturated Cu site. However, halogen addition at the unsaturated Cu site is more helpful in mercury removal than the unsaturated C site. The reaction pathway for elemental mercury oxidation over Cu-MOFs with halogen activation includes three basic reaction steps: Hg-0 -> HgX(ads) -> HgX2(ads) -> HgX2 (X refers Cl or Br). The formation of desorbed HgCl2 and HgBr2 is endothermic with an energy barrier of 185.43 and 175.31 kJ/mol, which is the rate-limiting step of the whole elemental mercury oxidation process. As a whole, bromide activation is more beneficial to mercury removal than chloride activation over Cu-MOFs, because of lower energy barrier, which is cross-checked by the calculation and experimental results.

If you are hungry for even more, make sure to check my other article about 367-21-5, Computed Properties of C6H5ClFN.