CdS Quantum Dots as Potent Photoreductants for Organic Chemistry Enabled by Auger Processes was written by Widness, Jonas K.;Enny, Daniel G.;McFarlane-Connelly, Kaelyn S.;Miedenbauer, Mahilet T.;Krauss, Todd D.;Weix, Daniel J.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.Application In Synthesis of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate This article mentions the following:
Strong reducing agents (<-2.0 V vs SCE) enable a wide array of useful organic chem., but suffer from a variety of limitations. Stoichiometric metallic reductants such as alkali metals and SmI2 are commonly employed for these reactions; however, considerations including expense, ease of use, safety, and waste generation limit the practicality of these methods. Recent approaches utilizing energy from multiple photons or electron-primed photoredox catalysis have accessed reduction potentials equivalent to Li0 and shown how this enables selective transformations of aryl chlorides via aryl radicals. However, in some cases, low stability of catalytic intermediates can limit turnover numbers Herein, we report the ability of CdS nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) to function as strong photoreductants and present evidence that a highly reducing electron is generated from two consecutive photoexcitations of CdS QDs with intermediate reductive quenching. Mechanistic experiments suggest that Auger recombination, a photophys. phenomenon known to occur in photoexcited anionic QDs, generates transient thermally excited electrons to enable the observed reductions Using blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and sacrificial amine reductants, aryl chlorides and phosphate esters with reduction potentials up to -3.4 V vs SCE are photoreductively cleaved to afford hydrodefunctionalized or functionalized products. In contrast to small-mol. catalysts, QDs are stable under these conditions and turnover numbers up to 47 500 have been achieved. These conditions can also effect other challenging reductions, such as tosylate protecting group removal from amines, debenzylation of benzyl-protected alcs., and reductive ring opening of cyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6Application In Synthesis of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate).
tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Application In Synthesis of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics