Exploring the Li+ transporting mutant of NCX_Mj for assigning ion binding sites of mitochondrial NCLX was written by Giladi, Moshe;Mitra, Sunayana;Simhaev, Luba;Hiller, Reuben;Refaeli, Bosmat;Strauss, Tali;Baiz, Carlos R.;Khananshvili, Daniel. And the article was included in Cell Calcium in 2022.Quality Control of Lithium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The plasma membrane (NCX) and mitochondrial (NCLX) Na+/Ca2+ exchangers are structurally related proteins, although they operate under strictly different ionic conditions and membrane potentials. In contrast with NCX, NCLX can transport either Li+ or Na+ in exchange for Ca2+. Whereas the crystal structure of the archaeal NCX (NCX_Mj) describes the binding sites for alternative binding of 3Na+ or 1Ca2+, these features remain elusive for NCLX due to the lack of structural information. To elucidate the ion-binding features of mitochondrial NCLX, we analyzed here the Li+-transporting NCLX_Mj mutant, produced by replacing the ion-coordinating residues in the archaeal NCX (NCX_Mj) to match the ion-coordinating residues of human NCLX. The NCLX_Mj-mediated Na+/Ca2+ or Lia+/Ca2+ exchange rates are insensitive to varying voltage, consistent with an electroneutral ion exchange. Mol. dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that NCLX_Mj contains two novel Li+ binding sites with four ion-coordinating residues, derived from the three Na+ binding sites of NCX_Mj. The ion-coordination modes, observed in the MD simulations, were further supported by two-dimensional IR (2D IR) spectroscopy and by testing the mutational effects on the ion fluxes. Collectively, our results revealed a structural basis for Li+ binding and electroneutral transport (2Na+/Li+:1Ca2+) by NCLX_Mj, meaning that the NCLX-mediated electroneutral transport may predefine mitochondrial Ca2+ and Na+signaling to modulate cellular functions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Quality Control of Lithium chloride).
Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Quality Control of Lithium chloride
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics