Month: February 2023

Fouling-resistant ionic graft-polyamide nanofiltration membrane with improved permeance for lithium separation from MgCl₂/LiCl mixtures was written by Soyekwo, Faizal;Wen, Hui;Liao, Dan;Liu, Changkun. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.Name: Trimesoylchloride This article mentions the following:

Selective recovery of lithium from Salt Lake brines using environmentally friendly technologies is increasingly demanded to overcome the shortage of lithium. However, satisfying high separation precision is challenging for most polymer nanofiltration membranes. Besides, bestowing high permeance together with improved membrane fouling remains a challenge for the widespread implementation of membrane processes. Herein, a new tri-quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquid (TQAIL) electrolyte monomer is synthesized and utilized for the surface modification of nascent polyamide active layer to fabricate IL-modified polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membrane for Mg²⁺/Li⁺ separation Mol. dynamics simulations confirm that TQAIL modification creates nanoscale structural heterogeneity leading to enhanced surface hydrophilicity and reduces internal resistance through the membrane selective layer. The TQAIL membrane exhibits improved Li⁺/Mg²⁺ selectivity and improved water permeability of 26.11 L m^-2 h^-1 bar^-1, which is fourfold that of unmodified membrane accompanied with a 100-h stable continuous nanofiltration. Moreover, the membrane displays good anti-biofouling behavior with excellent antimicrobial properties. This study offers new insights into how surface functionalization using multication side chains can remarkably improve ion separations by molecularly tuning ion-membrane electrostatic interactions in polymeric membranes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Name: Trimesoylchloride).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Name: Trimesoylchloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

DOPC-Detergent Conjugates: Fusogenic Carriers for Improved In Vitro and In Vivo Gene Delivery was written by Pierrat, Philippe;Casset, Anne;Kereselidze, Dimitri;Lux, Marie;Pons, Francoise;Lebeau, Luc. And the article was included in Macromolecular Bioscience in 2016.COA of Formula: C18H37Cl This article mentions the following:

Phospholipid-detergent conjugates are proposed as fusogenic carriers for gene delivery. Eleven compounds are prepared and their properties are investigated. The ability of the conjugates to promote fusion with a neg. charged model membrane is determined Their DNA delivery efficiency and cytotoxicity are assessed in vitro. Lipoplexes are administered in the mouse lung, and transgene expression Indeterminate inflammatory activity are measured. The results show that conjugation of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) with C₁₂E₄ produces a carrier that can efficiently deliver DNA to cells, with negligible -associated toxicity. Fusogenicity of the conjugates shows good correlation with in vitro transfection efficiency and crucially depends on the length of the polyether moiety of the detergent. Finally, DOPC-C₁₂E₄ reveals highly potent for in vivo DNA delivery and favorably compares to GL67A, the current golden standard for gene delivery to the airway, opening the way for further promising developments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2COA of Formula: C18H37Cl).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.COA of Formula: C18H37Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membrane with polydopamine @ UiO-66-NH₂-modified polypropylene support and its antifouling property was written by Du, Chunhui;Hu, Jintai;Chen, Fen. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Polymer Science in 2022.Synthetic Route of C9H3Cl3O3 This article mentions the following:

Polypropylene (PP) porous flat membrane is ultrathin and has high porosity, which is suitable for the support of forward osmosis (FO) membrane. However, its high hydrophobicity is its Achilles heel. Dopamine and UiO-66-NH₂ were co-deposited onto the surface of PP support, and interfacial polymerization was performed to fabricate a thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) FO membrane. The reaction-generated polydopamine improved the hydrophilicity of PP membrane, and at the same time enhanced the adhering of UiO-66-NH₂ to the support. The UiO-66-NH₂ nanoparticles were anchored evenly on the surface of the support, which improved the H₂O flux of FO membrane from 11.1 LMH (TFC, TFN-0 without UiO-66-NH₂) to 20.7 LMH (TFN-0.1, with 0.1% UiO-66-NH₂) using 1 mol/L NaCl as the draw solution in FO mode. Compared with TFC membrane, TFN-0.1 membrane also exhibited relative lower specific salt flux (鈭?.252) and structural parameter (鈭?79渭m). When separating Na alginate foulant, the normalized H₂O flux recovery ratio of TFN-0.1 was remained 0.89, and most of the fouling was reversible, as for TFC membrane the data decreased to 0.76 after 2 cycles of operation. Probably UiO-66-NH₂ modified FO membrane exhibited good permeation and antifouling property. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Synthetic Route of C9H3Cl3O3).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Synthetic Route of C9H3Cl3O3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metal-Assisted Cleavage of a C-O Bond of a P-Bound Bifunctional Phosphine Ligand was written by Steinert, Paul;Werner, Helmut. And the article was included in Organometallics in 1994.Synthetic Route of C8H16Cl2Ir2 This article mentions the following:

Treatment of [IrCl(C₂H₄)₂]₂ with the phosphino ester iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me affords the mononuclear complex trans-[IrCl(C₂H₄)(iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me-魏P)₂], which reacts with CO to give trans-[IrCl(CO)(iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me-魏P)₂] (I) and with HC顚咰R to give [IrH(C顚咰R)Cl(iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me-魏P)(iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me-魏³P,O)] (R = Ph, CO₂Me). Upon heating, these alkynylhydridoiridium compounds rearrange to yield the isomeric vinylidenemetal derivatives trans-[IrCl(:C:CHR)(iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me-魏P₂)] (II, R = Ph, CO₂Me). Reaction of I or II with Al₂O₃/H₂O leads to cleavage of a CH₃-O bond of one phosphino ester ligand and gives the iridium chelate complexes [Ir(L)(iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me-魏P)(iPr₂PCH₂CO₂-魏³P,O)] (III, L = CO, C:CHPh, C:CHCO₂Me) in 80-90% yield. III (L = CO) reacts with Me iodide by oxidative addition to form the octahedral complex [IrI(CH₃)(CO)(iPr₂PCH₂CO₂Me-魏P)(iPr₂PCH₂CO₂-魏²P,O)]. The X-ray crystal structure of III (L = CO) has been determined In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Chlorobis(ethylene)iridium(I) dimer (cas: 39722-81-1Synthetic Route of C8H16Cl2Ir2).

Chlorobis(ethylene)iridium(I) dimer (cas: 39722-81-1) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Synthetic Route of C8H16Cl2Ir2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A high-throughput screening assay for identification of chemicals with liver tumor promoting potential using a transgenic zebrafish line was written by Chen, Sheng;Wu, Jian;Li, Meng;Sun, Qian;Gong, Zhiyuan;Letcher, Robert J.;Liu, Chunsheng. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.Quality Control of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

Traditional high-throughput methods for identification of chems. with liver tumor promotion potentials are based on established cancer cell lines, and rapid and cost-effective high-throughput screening assays in whole organisms are presently lacking. In this study, a transgenic zebrafish liver cancer model was employed to develop a method that could be used to identify chems. with liver tumor promotion effect quickly and accurately. The method consisted of three parts, including exposure preparation, exposure process and image acquisition. In brief, after chem. exposure for 7 days, 96-well plate exposure system for zebrafish larvae was assessed by microplate reader. Then, the liver cancer promoting potential chems. were evaluated by field area and field average intensity of fluorescence. The results were further validated by conducting histopathol. examination Our data demonstrated that the high-throughput screening assay developed in this study was reproducible and could be used to rapidly screen chems. with liver tumor promoting potentials by using tris-(2-chloropropyl)-phosphate (TDCIPP) as a pos. control. Furthermore, some other pos. chems. found in previous studies and environmental compounds were assessed using the established method. Results indicated that 86.7% of the pos. chems. and five environmental compounds out of seventeen compounds could enhance liver tumor progression. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Quality Control of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Quality Control of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Modeling the fate and human health impacts of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in reclaimed wastewater irrigation for agriculture was written by Shahriar, Abrar;Tan, Junwei;Sharma, Priyamvada;Hanigan, David;Verburg, Paul;Pagilla, Krishna;Yang, Yu. And the article was included in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2021.COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

Wastewater reclamation and reuse for agriculture have attracted a great deal of interest, due to water stress caused by rapid increase in human population and agricultural water demand as well as climate change. However, the application of treated wastewater for irrigation can lead to the accumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the agricultural crops, grazing animals, and consequently to human dietary exposure. In this study, a model was developed to simulate the fate of five PPCPs; triclosan (TCS), carbamazepine (CBZ), naproxen (NPX), gemfibrozil (GFB), and fluoxetine (FXT) during wastewater reuse for agriculture, and potential human dietary exposure and health risk. In a reclaimed wastewater-irrigated grazing farm growing alfalfa, it took 100-535 days for PPCPs to achieve the steady-state concentrations of 1.43 x 10^-6, 4.73 x 10^-5, 1.17 x 10^-6, 1.53 x 10^-5, and 7.38 x 10^-6 mg/kg for TCS, CBZ, NPX, GFB, and FXT in soils, resp. The accumulated concentration of PPCPs in the plant (alfalfa) and grazing animals (beef) ranged 2.86 x 10^-7– 4.02 x 10^-3 and 4.39 x 10^-15– 6.27 x 10^-7mg/kg, resp. Human dietary exposure to these compounds through beef consumption was calculated to be 1.67 x 10^-18– 1.74 x 10^-10 mg/kg bodyweight/d, much lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI). Similar results were obtained for a ‘typical’ reclaimed wastewater irrigated farm based on the typical setup using our model. Screening anal. showed that PPCPs with relatively high LogD value and lower ratios of degradation rate (in soils) to plant uptake have a greater potential to be transferred to humans and cause potential health risks. We established a modeling method for evaluating the fate and human health effects of PPCPs in reclaimed wastewater reuse for the agricultural system and developed an index for screening PPCPs with high potential to accumulate in agricultural products. The model and findings are valuable for managing water reuse for irrigation and mitigating the harmful effects of PPCPs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.COA of Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation and spectroscopic study of functionally substituted cyclopentadienides of thallium(I), potassium, rhodium(I), and iridium(I) was written by Arthurs, Michael;Al-Daffaee, Hafid K.;Haslop, John;Kubal, Gina;Pearson, Matthew D.;Thatcher, Peter;Curzon, Eirian. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions: Inorganic Chemistry (1972-1999) in 1987.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The different patterns observed for the ring nuclei in ¹³C and ¹H NMR study of a series of monosubstituted cyclopentadienide compounds of type M(C₅H₄X) [M = K, Tl; X = Cl, COMe, CO₂Me, CHO, Ph, COCO₂Et, C(CN):C(CN)₂] reflect both the Lewis acid character of the metal and the electronic effect of the substituent. Fluxional behavior is observed for K(C₅H₄COMe). Pseudo-first-order rate constants have been evaluated for H-D exchange in several of the K compounds The Th(I) compounds generally exhibit greater synthetic utility than their K analogs and several have been used in the synthesis of new [M(畏⁵-C₅H₄X)(畏²-C₂H₄)₂] (M = Rh, Ir) complexes. Activation barriers for alkene rotation and mass spectral fragmentation patterns are discussed for these compounds The ¹H NMR spectra for the cyclopentadienyl ring indicate that the M-ring bonding is not fully delocalized. Anal. of the products resulting from reaction between ClCO₂Me and K(C₅H₅) confirm the strongly electrophilic character of the former reagent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Chlorobis(ethylene)iridium(I) dimer (cas: 39722-81-1Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

Chlorobis(ethylene)iridium(I) dimer (cas: 39722-81-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Decarboxylative Amination/6-endo-dig Benzannulation of o-Alkynylarylketones with N-Hydroxyamides To Access Diverse 1-Naphthylamine Derivatives was written by Zuo, Youpeng;He, Xinwei;Tang, Qiang;Hu, Wangcheng;Zhou, Tongtong;Shang, Yongjia. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.Related Products of 3438-16-2 This article mentions the following:

An efficient and practical one-pot strategy to produce highly substituted 1-naphthylamines I [R¹ = t-Bu, Ph, 1-naphthyl, etc.; R² = H, 7-Me, 6-Cl, etc.; R³ = i-Pr, Ph, 4-MeC₆H₄, etc.; R⁴ = H, Me, CO₂Et] via sequential palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative amination/intramol. 6-endo-dig benzannulation reactions was described. In this reaction, a broad range of electron-rich, electron-neutral and electron-deficient o-alkynylarylketones reacted well with N-hydroxyl aryl/alkylamides to give a diversity of 1-naphthylamines in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The gram-scale synthesis, with benefits such as undiminished product yield and easy transformation, illustrated the practicality of this method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2Related Products of 3438-16-2).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Related Products of 3438-16-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Furanyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl and benzoxazol-5-ylacetic acid derivatives: novel classes of heparanase inhibitor was written by Courtney, Stephen M.;Hay, Philip A.;Buck, Richard T.;Colville, Claire S.;Phillips, David J.;Scopes, David I. C.;Pollard, Faye C.;Page, Martin J.;Bennett, James M.;Hircock, Margaret L.;McKenzie, Edward A.;Bhaman, Maina;Felix, Robert;Stubberfield, Colin R.;Turner, Paul R.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2005.Product Details of 1711-11-1 This article mentions the following:

Using a furanylthiazoleacetic acid as a starting point, a novel series of benzoxazol-5-ylacetic acid derivatives have been identified as heparanase inhibitors. Several compounds, such as I, possess an IC₅₀ of 鈭?00 nM against heparanase. Several of the compounds show antiangiogenic properties. Improvement to the DMPK profile has provided compounds of potential use in in vivo models. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1Product Details of 1711-11-1).

3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Product Details of 1711-11-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity of the first palladium(II) oxalato complexes involving adenine-based ligands was written by Starha, Pavel;Travnicek, Zdenek;Popa, Igor. And the article was included in Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry in 2009.COA of Formula: C8H8Cl2N4 This article mentions the following:

The 1st [Pd(Lⁿ)₂(ox)]xH₂O oxalato (ox) complexes involving 2-chloro-N6-(benzyl)-9-isopropyladenine (L¹; complex 1), 2-chloro-N6-(4-methoxybenzyl)-9-isopropyladenine (L²; 2), 2-chloro-N6-(2,3-dimethoxybenzyl)-9-isopropyladenine (L³; 3), 2-chloro-N6-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-9-isopropyladenine (L⁴; 4), and 2-chloro-N6-(4-methylbenzyl)-9-isopropyladenine (L⁵; 5) were synthesized by the reactions of potassium bis(oxalato)palladate(II) dihydrate, [K₂Pd(ox)₂]路2H₂O, with the mentioned organic compounds (H₂ox = oxalic acid; x = 0 for 1–3 and 5 or 2 for 4). Elemental analyses (C, H, N), FTIR, Raman and NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N) spectroscopies, conductivity measurements and thermal studies (TGA and DTA, TG/DTA) were used to characterize the prepared complexes. The mol. structures of [Pd(L²)₂(ox)] (2) and [Pd(L⁵)₂(ox)]路L⁵路Me₂CO (5路L⁵路Me₂CO) were determined by a single crystal x-ray anal. The geometry of these complexes is slightly distorted square-planar with two appropriate Lⁿ (n = 2 or 5) mols. mutually arranged in the head-to-head (2) or head-to-tail (5) orientation. The Lⁿ ligands are coordinated to the central Pd(II) ion via the N7 atoms. The same conclusions regarding the binding properties of L¹-L⁵ ligands can be made based on multinuclear NMR spectra. In vitro cytotoxicity of the complexes 1–5 was evaluated against human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cancer cell lines. Significant cytotoxicity was determined for the complexes 3 (IC₅₀ = 6.2 渭M) and 5 (IC₅₀ = 6.8 渭M) on the MCF7 cell line, which is even better than that found for the known and widely-used platinum-bearing antineoplastic drugs, i.e. oxaliplatin and cisplatin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7COA of Formula: C8H8Cl2N4).

2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.COA of Formula: C8H8Cl2N4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics