Month: February 2023

Heterobiaryl and heterobiaryl ether derived M₅ positive allosteric modulators was written by Bridges, Thomas M.;Kennedy, J. Phillip;Hopkins, Corey R.;Conn, P. Jeffrey;Lindsley, Craig W.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2010.SDS of cas: 697-73-4 This article mentions the following:

This Letter describes a chem. lead optimization campaign directed at VU0238429, the first M₅-preferring pos. allosteric modulator (PAM), discovered through analog work around VU0119498, a pan G_q mAChR M₁, M₃, M₅ PAM. An iterative parallel synthesis approach was employed to incorporate basic heterocycles to improve physiochem. properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4SDS of cas: 697-73-4).

2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.SDS of cas: 697-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cu(OTf)₂ catalyzed three component strategy for the synthesis of thienopyridine containing spirooxindoles and their cytotoxic evaluation was written by Parthasarathy, K.;Praveen, C.;Kumar, P. Senthil;Balachandran, C.;Perumal, P. T.. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2015.Name: 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of novel spirooxindoles e.g., I [R¹ = R² = H; Z = C(O)OCH₃; R = 2,5-F₂C₆H₃CH₂] via a three component reaction of thienopyridines, isatins and malononitriles under copper catalysis was accomplished. This one-pot, room temperature protocol allowed the synthesis of diversely substituted spirooxindoles I in excellent yield. Cytotoxicity towards COLO320 cells revealed that compound I possessing a 2,6-difluorobenzyl group (IC₅₀ of 49.1 μM) was found to be highly potent among the screened compounds In addition, mol. docking of compound I into caspase-3 receptors exhibited the largest binding energy (-10.5 kcal mol^-1) compared to other compounds The formation of a DNA ladder for compound I also supports the exptl. results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4Name: 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene).

2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Name: 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Essential oil-mediated biocompatible magnesium nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial, antifungal, and photocatalytic efficacies was written by Pathania, Diksha;Kumar, Sunil;Thakur, Pankaj;Chaudhary, Vishal;Kaushik, Ajeet;Varma, Rajender S.;Furukawa, Hidemitsu;Sharma, Mamta;Khosla, Ajit. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.SDS of cas: 61-73-4 This article mentions the following:

Emergent application of antimicrobial strategies as symptomatic treatment in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and linkage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 with microbial infections, has created colossal demand for antimicrobials. For the first time, this communication explore the physicochem., antifungal, antibacterial, and photocatalytic properties of biogenic magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs), synthesized using essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus’s as an efficient multifunctional reducing and stabilizing/capping reagent. It is observed that MgNPs (ranging in size: 8-16 nm) of varying phytochem. compositions (MgS1, MgS2, MgS3) exhibited various useful physicochem., antimicrobial, and photocatalytic properties. FTIR outcomes highlight the functional biomols.-assisted reduction of Mg from Mg⁺ to Mg⁰. Among all, MgS3-Nps owing to the smallest particle size exhibited superior photocatalytic efficacy (91.2%) for the methylene blue degradation upon direct exposure to the sunlight for 3 h without using any reducing agents. Fabricated MgNPs also exhibited excellent antifungal (against Fusarium oxysporum) and antibacterial (vs. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) efficacies compared to state-of-the-art antimicrobial agents deployed for the treatment of infectious diseases. Based on this investigated greener approach, imperative from economic and environmental viewpoint, such essential oil based-MgNPs can be a potential nanosystem for various industrial applications where photocatalytic, and biomedical attributes are the key requirements. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4SDS of cas: 61-73-4).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.SDS of cas: 61-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of nitazoxanide-based analogs: Identification of selective and broad spectrum activity was written by Ballard, T. Eric;Wang, Xia;Olekhnovich, Igor;Koerner, Taylor;Seymour, Craig;Salamoun, Joseph;Warthan, Michelle;Hoffman, Paul S.;MacDonald, Timothy L.. And the article was included in ChemMedChem in 2011.Synthetic Route of C5H2Cl2O2S This article mentions the following:

A library composed of nitazoxanide-based analogs was synthesized and assayed for increased antibacterial efficacy against the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) using microorganisms Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium difficile. Derivatives were found to recapitulate and improve activity against these organism,s and select analogs were tested for their ability to disrupt the PFOR enzyme directly. The library was also screened for activity against staphylococci and resulted in the identification of analogs capable of inhibiting both staphylococci and all PFOR organisms at low micromolar min. inhibitory concentrations with low toxicity to human foreskin cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 36157-41-2Synthetic Route of C5H2Cl2O2S).

2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 36157-41-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Synthetic Route of C5H2Cl2O2S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Catalyst-free sulfenylation of indoles with sulfinic esters in ethanol was written by Yang, Xiuqin;Bao, Yishu;Dai, Zonghao;Zhou, Qingfa;Yang, Fulai. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2018.Electric Literature of C7H4ClF3O2S This article mentions the following:

A novel catalyst-free method for the synthesis of structurally diverse indole thioethers in moderate to excellent yields was developed. In this reaction, sulfinic esters serve as new sulfur electrophiles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Electric Literature of C7H4ClF3O2S).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Electric Literature of C7H4ClF3O2S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Catalytic reduction of organic halogen compounds was written by Rosenmund, Karl W.;Zetzsche, Fritz. And the article was included in Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft in 1918.Synthetic Route of C4H5ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Colloidal Pd protected with gum arabic or palladinized BaSO₄ is an efficient catalyst in the removal of halogen from organic compounds with H and it is usually advisable to have an alkali present to neutralize the halogen acid as it is formed. Many substances react even if merely suspended in aqueous alkalies. In halogen derivatives of ethylenic compounds the halogen may sometimes be removed without saturating the C:C linking or the halogen derivative of the saturated compound may be formed. Frequently the reaction proceeds smoothly to hydrogenation and removal of the halogen. With dihalogen compounds it is apparently impossible to obtain mono-derivatives As illustrations the following reductions are described: PhBr to C₆H₆, o-BrC₆H₄CO₂H, to BzOH, p-BrC₆H₄NO₂ to PhNH₂, chlorocaffeine to caffeine, chlorocrotonic to crotonic acid, o-ClC₆H₄CH:CHCO₂H to PhCH₂-CH₂CO₂H, (CHBrCO₂H)₂ to (CH₂CO₂H)₂. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-Chlorobut-2-enoic acid (cas: 26340-58-9Synthetic Route of C4H5ClO2).

(E)-4-Chlorobut-2-enoic acid (cas: 26340-58-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Synthetic Route of C4H5ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthetic and pharmacological evaluation of some pyridine containing thiazolidinones was written by Firke, S. D.;Firake, B. M.;Chaudhari, R. Y.;Patil, V. R.. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry in 2009.Computed Properties of C7H3Cl2NS This article mentions the following:

Several of 2-(2-pyridinyloxy)acetic acid 2-(4-oxo-2-thiazolidinylidene)hydrazide derivatives were obtained by a cyclization reaction of isothiocyanates with 2-(2-pyridinyloxy)acetic acid 2-[(amino)thioxomethyl]hydrazide (thiosemicarbazide) derivatives with chloroacetic acid. The product structures were confirmed by their anal. and spectral data. All the above-mentioned target compounds were evaluated for their activity as antidiabetic agents using a GOD-POD method on Wistar strain rats. The acute toxicity (LD₅₀) values of these compounds were also reported. here. The test compounds showed significant antidiabetic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Computed Properties of C7H3Cl2NS).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Computed Properties of C7H3Cl2NS

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Triflates with Sodium Cyanate: A Practical Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ureas was written by Vinogradova, Ekaterina V.;Fors, Brett P.;Buchwald, Stephen L.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2012.SDS of cas: 18437-66-6 This article mentions the following:

An efficient method for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and triflates with sodium cyanate is reported. The protocol allows for the synthesis of unsym. N,N’-di- and N,N,N’-trisubstituted ureas in one pot and is tolerant of a wide range of functional groups. Insight into the mechanism of aryl isocyanate formation was gleaned through studies of the transmetalation and reductive elimination steps of the reaction, including the first demonstration of reductive elimination from an arylpalladium isocyanate complex to produce an aryl isocyanate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6SDS of cas: 18437-66-6).

tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.SDS of cas: 18437-66-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, synthesis and mode of action of some benzothiazole derivatives bearing an amide moiety as antibacterial agents was written by Singh, Meenakshi;Singh, Sudhir K.;Gangwar, Mayank;Nath, Gopal;Singh, Sushil K.. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2014.Synthetic Route of C8H7ClO3 This article mentions the following:

In this study ten benzothiazole derivatives bearing the amide moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity and possible mode of action. Structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by spectral data. Four different Gram-neg. and two different Gram-pos. bacterial strains were used in antibacterial activity tests. Among all the synthesized compounds, compound A07 displayed the most potent inhibitory activity with min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 15.6, 7.81, 15.6, 3.91 μg ml^-1 against S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhi and K. pneumoniae resp. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that electronic and lipophillic factors of the Ph ring had a significant effect on the antimicrobial activity of the designed compounds The benzothiazole bearing amide (A01-A10) series exhibited different modes of action based on aryl group substitution as revealed by studies on intact bacterial cells and plasmid DNA. The present study provides us two active compounds (A07 and A10) with a membrane perturbing mode of action, and an intracellular mode of action due to binding with DNA along with potent activity against clin. relevant pathogens E. coli and S. aureus. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2Synthetic Route of C8H7ClO3).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Synthetic Route of C8H7ClO3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and biological evaluation of ethacrynic acid derivatives bearing sulfonamides as potent anti-cancer agents was written by El Abbouchi, Abdelmoula;El Brahmi, Nabil;Hiebel, Marie-Aude;Bignon, Jerome;Guillaumet, Gerald;Suzenet, Franck;El Kazzouli, Said. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2020.COA of Formula: C8H9ClO4S This article mentions the following:

A series of ethacrynic acid (2-[2,3-dichloro-4-(2-methylidenebutanoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid) (EA, Edecrin) containing sulfonamides linked via three types of linkers namely 1,2-ethylenediamine, piperazine and 4-aminopiperidine was synthesized and subsequently evaluated in vitro against HL60 and HCT116 cancer cell lines. All the EA analogs, excluding two derivs, showed anti-proliferative activity with IC_50s in the micromolar range (less than 4 uM). Three derivatives I–III were selected for their interesting dual activity on HL60 cell line in order to be further evaluated against a panel of cancer cell lines (HCT116, A549, MCF7, PC3, U87-MG and SKOV3) as well as on MRC5 as a normal cell line. These compounds displayed IC₅₀ values in nanomolar range against A549, MCF7, PC3 and HCT116 cell lines, deducing the discovery that piperazine or 4-aminopiperidine is the linker’s best choice to develop EA analogs with highly potent anti-proliferative activities own up to 24 nM. Besides, in terms of selectivity, those linkers are more suitable offering safety ratios of up to 63.8. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dimethoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 63624-28-2COA of Formula: C8H9ClO4S).

2,4-Dimethoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 63624-28-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.COA of Formula: C8H9ClO4S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics