Month: February 2023

Structure activity relationship exploration of 5-hydroxy-2-(3-phenylpropyl)chromones as a unique 5-HT_2B receptor antagonist scaffold was written by Kim, Minsoo;Truss, Myles;Pagare, Piyusha P.;Essandoh, Martha A.;Zhang, Yan;Williams, Dwight A.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2020.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Antagonists for the serotonin receptor 2B (5-HT_2B) have clin. applications towards migraine, anxiety, irritable bowl syndrome, and MDMA abuse; however, few selective 5-HT_2B antagonists have been identified. Previous studies from these labs identified a natural product, 5-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (5-HPEC, 2) as the first non-nitrogenous ligand for the 5-HT_2B receptor. Studies on 5-HPEC optimization led to the identification of 5-hydroxy-2-(3-phenylpropyl)chromone (5-HPPC, 3), which showed a tenfold improvement in binding affinity over 2 at 5-HT_2B. This study aimed to further improve receptor pharmacol. of this unique scaffold. Guided by mol. modeling studies modifications at the C-3′ and C-4′ positions of 3 were made to probe their effects on ligand binding affinity and efficacy. Among the derivatives synthesized 5-hydroxy-2-(3-(3-cyanophenyl)propyl)chromone (5-HCPC, 3d) showed the most promise with a multifold improvement in binding affinity (pK_i = 7.1 ± 0.07) over 3 with retained antagonism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of 2-(4-chloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine and N,N-dialkyl derivatives as dopamine receptor ligands was written by Claudi, Francesco;Giorgioni, Gianfabio;Di Stefano, Antonio;Abbracchio, Maria Pia;Paoletti, Anna Maria;Balduini, Walter. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1992.HPLC of Formula: 6834-42-0 This article mentions the following:

2-(4-Chloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine (I) and some derivatives were synthesized as dopamine (DA) receptor ligands. Amine I retains the dopaminergic pharmacophore 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine, and the chlorine atom replaces the “para” hydroxyl group of DA. 4,3-Cl(HO)C₆H₃CH₂CH₂NRPr (II, R = Pr, PhCH₂CH₂, 3-MeOC₆H₄CH₂CH₂, 4-MeOC₆H₄CH₂CH₂, 4-MeOC₆H₄CH₂CH₂CH₂) were obtained by introducing on the nitrogen of amine I the n-Pr and 2-phenylethyl or 3-phenylpropyl groups which can be accommodated by the D-2 receptor lipophilic sites 3C and π₃, resp. The affinity and selectivity of these compounds for D-1 and D-2 subtypes was determined in radioligand competition assays for the DA receptors of rat striatum membranes using [³H]SCH 23390 (D-1 selective) and [³H]spiperone (D-2 selective) as radioligands. I shows about 7-fold lower affinity than DA for both sites and is not able to discriminate between the two subtypes of DA receptors. The introduction of two n-Pr groups on the nitrogen atom in II (R = Pr) reduces by one-half and doubles the affinity for D-1 and D-2 binding sites, resp. The substitution of an n-Pr group with different alkylphenyl groups, to give the remaining II, increases the affinity for the D-2 subtype from 19-fold to 36-fold. These compounds have the same affinity at the D-2 site as the DA agonist N-propyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine (III) and are about 20 times more selective than DA for this binding site. In the assay for D-2 receptor mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, all the tested compounds behaved as D-2 agonists, N-propyl-N-[2(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine was more effective than DA or III. On the other hand, all compounds were less effective than DA in stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in rat striatal homogenates, a kind of effect which is mediated by the D-1 subtype of DA receptors. These results suggest that the nitrogen substitution enhances the affinity and selectivity for the D-2 receptor. In the adenylate cyclase assay, the compounds behave as potent D-2 agonists. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0HPLC of Formula: 6834-42-0).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.HPLC of Formula: 6834-42-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

{[K.18-Crown-6]Br₃}_n: A tribromide catalyst for the catalytic protection of amines and alcohols was written by Chehardoli, Gholamabbas;Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali;Derakhshanpanah, Fateme. And the article was included in Cuihua Xuebao in 2013.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

{[K.18-Crown-6]Br₃}_n, a unique tribromide-type catalyst, was utilized for the N-boc protection of amines and trimethylsilylation (TMS) and tetrahydropyranylation (THP) of alcs. The method is general for the preparation of N-boc derivatives of aliphatic (acyclic and cyclic) and aromatic, and primary and secondary amines and also various TMS-ethers and THP-ethers. The simple separation of the catalyst from the product is one of the many advantages of this method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Superior adsorption performance of citrate modified graphene oxide as nano material for removal organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solution was written by Abd-Elhamid, A. I.;Elgoud, E. M. Abu;Emam, Sh. Sh.;Aly, H. F.. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

This work addressed one step preparation method to form a novel nano material composite of graphene oxide nanosheet (GO) functionalized with low-cost tri-sodium citrate (C), using, teteraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a crosslinker. The prepared composite (GO-C) was characterized using various advanced techniques. Among these techniques, the TGA provided interesting information concerning the functionalization process. Within this process, the (-OH) groups that located at the GO-surface were consumed in the modification process which leads to increase the thermal stability of the resulted composite. Cationic organic methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV), and inorganic copper (Cu²⁺) and cobalt (Co²⁺) pollutants were displayed as a model to assess their removal performance by the developed composite (GO-C) from aqueous solution, through batch technique. According to Langmuir isotherm the GO-C present an excellent adsorption capacity for MB (222.22 mg g^-1), CV (270.27 mg g-1), Cu²⁺ (163.4 mg g^-1) and Co²⁺ (145.35 mg g^-1) which were more than the adsorption capacities found in literature. Addnl., the regenerated composite presents higher removal ability than the original composite. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mesoporous silica imprinted carbon dots for the selective fluorescent detection of triclosan was written by Bhogal, Shikha;Mohiuddin, Irshad;Malik, Ashok Kumar;Brown, Richard J. C.;Heynderickx, Philippe M.;Kim, Ki-Hyun;Kaur, Kuldeep. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Product Details of 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

A molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor built as a mesoporous structured silica imprinted layer on the surface of carbon dots (CDs@m-MIP) was employed for the selective detection of triclosan (TRI). The fluorescence of this CDs@m-MIP was affected sensitively and selectively by TRI via an electron transfer-induced fluorescence quenching mechanism with a detection limit of TRI at 1.08 nM (range 1.72-138 nM) under the optimum setup (e.g., pH, response time, and CDs@m-MIP dose). This approach was used successfully to detect TRI in real water samples (e.g., sewage, river, and tap water). The recoveries of TRI were satisfactory in spiked river and tap water (in 94.7-99.5%). The outcome of this research is thus expected to help develop highly efficient fluorescent sensing systems towards diverse hazardous compounds including TRI. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Product Details of 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Product Details of 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification of Potent Ebola Virus Entry Inhibitors with Suitable Properties for in Vivo Studies was written by Liu, Hu;Tian, Ye;Lee, Kyungae;Krishnan, Pranav;Wang, May Kwang-Mei;Whelan, Sean;Mevers, Emily;Soloveva, Veronica;Dedic, Benjamin;Liu, Xinyong;Cunningham, James M.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Recommanded Product: 165047-23-4 This article mentions the following:

Previous studies identified an adamantane dipeptide piperazine 3.47 that inhibits Ebola virus (EBOV) infection by targeting the essential receptor Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). The physicochem. properties of 3.47 limit its potential for testing in vivo. Optimization by improving potency, reducing hydrophobicity, and replacing labile moieties identified 3.47 derivatives with improved in vitro ADME properties that are also highly active against EBOV infection, including when tested in the presence of 50% normal human serum (NHS). In addition, 3A4 was identified as the major cytochrome P 450 isoform that metabolizes these compounds, and accordingly, mouse microsome stability was significantly improved when tested in the presence of the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir that is approved for clin. use as a booster of anti-HIV drugs. Oral administration of the EBOV inhibitors with ritonavir resulted in a pharmacokinetic profile that supports a b.i.d. dosing regimen for efficacy studies in mice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-4,5-difluorobenzaldehyde (cas: 165047-23-4Recommanded Product: 165047-23-4).

2-Chloro-4,5-difluorobenzaldehyde (cas: 165047-23-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Recommanded Product: 165047-23-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A review of distribution and risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the aquatic environment in China was written by Xiang, Ying;Wu, Huihui;Li, Lu;Ren, Meng;Qie, Hantong;Lin, Aijun. And the article was included in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2021.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

Due to the extensive use and pseudo-persistence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), they are frequently detected in the aqueous environment, which has attracted global attention. In this paper, accumulation data of 81 PPCPs in surface water or sediment in China were reported. In addition, 20 kinds of PPCPs with high frequency were selected and their ecol. risk assessment was conducted by risk quotient (RQs). The results indicated that the concentration detected in surface water and sediment ranged from ng/L (ng/kg) to μg/L ( μg/kg) in China, which was similar to concentrations reported globally. However, contamination by certain PPCPs, such as caffeine, oxytetracycline, and erythromycin, was relatively high with a maximum concentration of more than 2000 ng/L in surface water. RQs revealed that 14 kinds of PPCPs pose no significant risk or low risk to aquatic organisms, while 6 kinds of PPCPs pose a high risk. Addnl., the pollution characteristics of PPCPs in each watershed are different. The Haihe River watershed and the central and lower Yangtze River were the regions of high concern for erythromycin. Triclosan has potential risks in the Pearl River watershed. This study determined the occurrence and risk of PPCPs in China in the past decade, providing a scientific basis for PPCPs pollution control and risk prevention. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and molecular modeling of MetAP2 of thiosemicarbazides, 1,2,4-triazoles, thioethers derived from (S)-Naproxen as possible breast cancer agents was written by Birgul, Kaan;Uba, Abdullah Ibrahim;Cuhadar, Ozan;Sevinc, Sevgi Kocyigit;Tiryaki, Selen;Tiber, Pinar Mega;Orun, Oya;Telci, Dilek;Yilmaz, Ozgur;Yelekci, Kemal;Guniz Kucukguzel, S.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2022.Recommanded Product: 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

New thiosemicarbazides, 1,2,4-triazoles and thioethers I (R¹ = Ph, 4-FC₆H₄, Bn, etc.; R² = Bn, 3-FC₆H₄CH₂, 4-MeOC₆H₄CH₂, etc.) from derived (S)-Naproxen were synthesized in this study. The mol. binding of the compounds on MetAP-2 was performed. Anticancer effects of the synthesized compounds were studied by using MTT assay method on MCF-7 (includes estrogen and progesterone receptors) and MDA-MB-231 (lacks estrogen and progesterone receptors) adenocarcinoma cell lines at 0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100μM concentrations for 24 h. The IC₅₀ values of novel (S)-Naproxen derivatives were determined between from 5 to 100μM on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The apoptotic activity of selected compounds I (R¹ = 4-ClC₆H₄; R² = 3-FC₆H₄CH₂) and I (R¹ = Ph; R² = 4-MeC₆H₄CH₂) were first analyzed by Annexin V staining using Tali Image-Based Cytometer. Mitochondrial membrane potential changes determined in fluorescence plate reader following JC-1 stain for compounds I (R¹ = 4-ClC₆H₄; R² = 3-FC₆H₄CH₂) and I (R¹ = Ph; R² = 4-MeC₆H₄CH₂) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The effect of these compounds on the cell viability 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cell line was tested at 1 to 5 times of calculated IC₅₀ value (IC₅₀x1, IC₅₀x2, IC₅₀x3, IC₅₀x4, and IC₅₀x5). Next in order to determine the toxicity of the combination of compound I (R¹ = Bn; R² = 3-FC₆H₄CH₂) and Docetaxel, WST-1 cell viability and proliferation assay was performed with 4T1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Recommanded Product: 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Recommanded Product: 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and biological evaluation of isatin derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole as potent a-glucosidase inhibitors was written by Zhao, Xuelian;Zhan, Xuehui;Zhang, Huilin;Wan, Yichao;Yang, Huizhong;Wang, Yutian;Chen, Yanda;Xie, Wenlin. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2021.Electric Literature of C8H9Cl This article mentions the following:

A series of isatin derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives I [R = 2-F, 3-CN, 4-Cl, etc.] were designed and synthesized. All newly synthesized compounds I were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with resveratrol as pos. control in-vitro. Except for compounds I [R = 2-CN, 3-CN], all of the compounds I showed a potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values in the range of 3.12 ± 1.25 to 45.95 ± 1.26μM and the purity of these compounds were greater than 95%. The IC₅₀ values were being compared to the standard resveratrol (IC₅₀ = 22.00 ± 1.15μM) and it was found that compounds I [R = H, 2-F, 2-Cl, 3-Cl, 4-Cl, 2-Br] were found to be more active than resveratrol. Specifically,I [R = 4-Cl] exhibited the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ value of 3.12 ± 1.25μM. The kinetic anal. revealed that compound I [R = 4-Cl] was noncompetitive inhibitor. Structure activity relationship was established for all compounds I. Furthermore, the binding interactions of compound I [R = 4-Cl] with the active site of α-glucosidase were confirmed through mol. docking. This study was identified a new class of potent α-glucosidase inhibitors for further investigation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Electric Literature of C8H9Cl).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Electric Literature of C8H9Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Thiosemicarbazide, a fragment with promising indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibition properties was written by Serra, Silvia;Moineaux, Laurence;Vancraeynest, Christelle;Masereel, Bernard;Wouters, Johan;Pochet, Lionel;Frederick, Raphael. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Product Details of 6590-96-1 This article mentions the following:

With the aim to explore the interest of the thiosemicarbazide scaffold for the inhibition of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a promising therapeutic target for anticancer immunotherapy, a series of 32 phenylthiosemicarbazide derivatives was prepared and their IDO inhibition evaluated. Our study demonstrated that among these derivatives, compound I characterized with a 4-cyanophenyl group on the thiosemicarbazide was the more potent IDO inhibitor in this series being endowed with an IC₅₀ of 1.2 μM. The SAR depicted showed that substitution in the 3- and 4-position relative to the phenylthiosemicarbazide are very promising whereas substitution in the 2-position always leads to less potent or inactive derivatives In fact, the study highlighted a novel interesting scaffold for IDO inhibition for further development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Product Details of 6590-96-1).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Product Details of 6590-96-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics