Month: February 2023

N-chloro amides, lactams, carbamates, and imides. New classes of initiators for the metal-catalyzed living radical polymerization of methacrylates was written by Percec, Virgil;Grigoras, Cristian. And the article was included in Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry in 2005.Safety of 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide This article mentions the following:

Metal-catalyzed living radical polymerization of Me methacrylate initiated with N-chloro amides (N-chloro N-Et propionamide, N-chloro benzanilide, N-chloro methylbenzamide, and N-chloro acetanilide), lactams (N-chloro caprolactam and N-chloro 2-pyrrolidinone), carbamates or urethanes (N-chloro ethylcarbamate or N-chlorourethane), imides (N-chloro phthalimide, N-chloro succinimide, trichloroisocyanuric acid, and N-chloro saccharin) and catalyzed with the self-regulated catalytic system Cu₂S/2,2′-bipyridine is reported. The initiation efficiency of these initiators is determined by their structure. Regardless of the initiator efficiency, in all cases, poly(Me methacrylate) with narrow mol. weight distribution and functionalized chain-ends was obtained. These new classes of initiators open new strategies for the functionalization of polymer chain-ends and for the synthesis of complex architectures by graft copolymerization initiated from N-chloro proteins, aliphatic, aromatic and semiarom. polyamides, and polyurethanes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0Safety of 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Safety of 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1-(5-(benzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-3-phenylurea derivatives as anticancer agents was written by Aghcheli, Ayoub;Toolabi, Mahsa;Ayati, Adileh;Moghimi, Setareh;Firoozpour, Loghman;Bakhshaiesh, Tayebeh Oghabi;Nazeri, Elahe;Norouzbahari, Maryam;Esmaeili, Rezvan;Foroumadi, Alireza. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry Research.COA of Formula: C8H9Cl This article mentions the following:

Abstract: A novel series of 1-(5-(benzylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-3-phenylurea derivatives (5a-l) were designed and synthesized as sorafenib analogs. The in vitro cytotoxicity effects of synthesized compounds were evaluated against four different human cancer cells including MCF-7, HepG2, A549, and HeLa cell lines. The biol. results showed that most of the compounds significantly prevented the proliferation of tested cancer cells. In particular, 2-F, 4-Cl, and 2,6-diF substituted derivatives (5d, 5g, and 5k) showed promising activities, especially against Hela cancer cells (IC₅₀ = 0.37, 0.73 and 0.95 μM, resp.) which were significantly more potent than sorafenib as the reference drug (IC₅₀ = 7.91 μM). Flow cytometry anal. revealed that the prototype compounds (5d, 5g, and 5k) significantly induced apoptotic cell death in HeLa cancer cells and blocked the cell cycle at the sub-G1 phase. Moreover, in silico docking study confirmed the binding of the prototype compound to the active site of VEGFR-2. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9COA of Formula: C8H9Cl).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.COA of Formula: C8H9Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nitro and nitroamino derivatives of o-chlorobenzoic acid was written by Goldstein, Henri;Preitner, Gaston. And the article was included in Helvetica Chimica Acta in 1944.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

It has been shown that nitration of 2,5-Cl(AcNH)C₆H₃CO₂H gives 2,5,6-Cl(AcNH) (O₂N)C₆H₂CO₂H (I) (C. A. 32, 2521.2). I (1.08 g.) in 10 cc. absolute alc. and 0.6 cc. concentrated H₂SO₄ at -10° was treated with 1.1 g. of iso-AmNO₂ at 0° for 1 h. The reaction product was refluxed for 1 h. in the presence of a trace of Zn and worked up, yielding 0.32 g. (30%) of 2,6-Cl(O₂N)C₆H₃CO₂H, m. 163°, identical with the compound obtained by Lehmstedt and Schrader by the oxidation of 2,6-Cl(O₂N)C₆H₃Me (C. A. 31, 4670.7), transformed by refluxing with SOCl₂ to 6-nitro-2-chlorobenzoyl chloride, m. 32-4°, b_12-13 160°; Me ester, m. 94-5°; Et ester, m. 49-50°; amide, C₇H₅ClN₂O₃, m. 186-7°; anilide, m. 176-7°. The nitration of 2,5-Cl(AcNH)C₆H₃Me (prepared by the chlorination of 18 g. m-MeC₆H₄NHAc) in a mixture of 18 cc. HNO₃ (d. 1.40) and 18 cc. HNO₃ (d. 1.52) below 15° for 2 h. yielded 4.0-4.5 g. of 4-nitro-5-acetamido-2-chlorotoluene (II), m. 113°, and a small amount of the isomeric 6-nitro-5-acetamido-2-chlorotoluene (IIa), m. 152-3° (from alc.). Oxidation of 1.15 g. II in 100 cc. H₂O containing 2 g. MgSO₄ at 100° by addition of 3 g. KMnO₄ in 60 cc. H₂O for 3 h. and recrystallization of the product from AcOH produced 0.5 g. of 4-nitro-5-acetamido-2-chlorobenzoic acid, m. 214°, saponified to the corresponding 4-nitro-5-amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid, m. 239-40° (decomposition). A similar oxidation of IIa gave I, saponified to the corresponding 2,5,6-Cl(H₂N) (O₂N)C₆H₂CO₂H. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 5344-49-0Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 5344-49-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Enhancement of compatibility between covalent organic framework and polyamide membrane via an interfacial bridging method: Toward highly efficient water purification was written by Chen, Li;Zhou, Cailong;Tan, Luxi;Zhou, Wei;Shen, Huizhen;Lu, Chenyang;Dong, Lichun. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.Electric Literature of C9H3Cl3O3 This article mentions the following:

A key challenge in polyamide (PA) based nanocomposite membranes is to achieve non-accumulation filler and defect-free features, based on proper compatibility and great dispersion between the particles in the matrix. To address this issue, herein, an interfacial bridging strategy was introduced to fabricate the nanocomposite membrane. A covalent organic framework (COF), TAPB-BPTA (TAPB = 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene and BPTA = 1,4-benzenedicarboxaldehyde), containing alkynyl was synthesized by a microwave-assisted solvothermal route and preliminarily grafted with the cysteine (CYS) bridge via a click reaction. Furthermore, the short chain of amine moieties in TAPB-BPTA not only makes more amine groups and carboxy groups in the COF pore wall, thereby elevating its hydrophilicity and improving its dispersion in the polyethyleneimine coating solution, but also presumably brings further free motion for amine groups to react with acyl functions in trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The COF was copolymerized using TMC to finally obtain the crosslinked top skin layer without the defect formation between filler and polymer during the interfacial reaction. The pure water permeance of the optimized nanocomposite membrane is higher than that of the pristine PA membrane. Accordingly, the optimized membrane exhibited good permeability and competitive selectivity for dyes and antibiotics. Meanwhile, it had a highly rejection of 92% for methylene blue after multi-cycle separation test, showing excellent industrial wastewater treating capability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Electric Literature of C9H3Cl3O3).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Electric Literature of C9H3Cl3O3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Novel 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline Based 5-HT₆ Receptor Antagonists with Potential Application for the Treatment of Cognitive Disorders Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease was written by Grychowska, Katarzyna;Satala, Grzegorz;Kos, Tomasz;Partyka, Anna;Colacino, Evelina;Chaumont-Dubel, Severine;Bantreil, Xavier;Wesolowska, Anna;Pawlowski, Maciej;Martinez, Jean;Marin, Philippe;Subra, Gilles;Bojarski, Andrzej J.;Lamaty, Frederic;Popik, Piotr;Zajdel, Pawel. And the article was included in ACS Chemical Neuroscience in 2016.Quality Control of 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride This article mentions the following:

Modulators of the serotonin 5-HT₆ receptor (5-HT₆R) offer a promising strategy for the treatment of the cognitive deficits that are associated with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel class of 5-HT₆R antagonists that is based on the 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline core. The most active compounds exhibited comparable binding affinity to the reference compound, SB-742457, and markedly improved selectivity. Lead optimization led to the identification of (S)-1-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(pyrrolidine-3-yl-amino)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline (14) (K_i = 3 nM and K_b = 0.41 nM). Pharmacol. characterization of the 5-HT₆R’s constitutive activity at Gs signaling revealed that 14 behaved as a neutral antagonist, while SB-742457 was classified as an inverse agonist. Both compounds 14 and SB-742457 reversed phencyclidine-induced memory deficits and displayed distinct procognitive properties in cognitively unimpaired animals (3 mg/kg) in NOR tasks. Compounds 14 and SB-742457 were also active in the Vogel test, yet the anxiolytic effect of 14 was 2-fold higher (MED = 3 mg/kg). Moreover, 14 produced, in a 3-fold higher dose (MED = 10 mg/kg), antidepressant-like effects that were similar to those produced by SB-742457 (MED = 3 mg/kg). Together, these data suggest that the 4-(pyrrolidine-3-yl-amino)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline scaffold is an attractive mol. framework for the development of procognitive agents. The results are promising enough to warrant further detailed mechanistic studies on the therapeutic potential of 5-HT₆R antagonists and inverse agonists for the treatment of cognitive decline and depression/anxiety symptoms that are comorbidities of Alzheimer’s disease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Quality Control of 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Quality Control of 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

3,4,5-Trisubstituted isoxazoles as novel PPARδ agonists was written by Epple, Robert;Russo, Ross;Azimioara, Mihai;Cow, Christopher;Xie, Yongping;Wang, Xing;Wityak, John;Karanewsky, Don;Gerken, Andrea;Iskandar, Maya;Saez, Enrique;Seidel, H. Martin;Tian, Shin-Shay. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2006.Reference of 57017-95-5 This article mentions the following:

The authors report the identification of a novel series of trisubstituted isoxazoles as PPAR activators from a high-throughput screen. A series of structural optimizations led to improved efficacy and excellent functional receptor selectivity for PPARδ. The isoxazoles represent a series of agonists which display a scaffold that lies outside the typical PPAR agonist motif. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetate (cas: 57017-95-5Reference of 57017-95-5).

Methyl 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetate (cas: 57017-95-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Reference of 57017-95-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structural modifications of benzanilide derivatives, effective potassium channel openers. X. was written by Calderone, Vincenzo;Coi, Alessio;Fiamingo, Francesca Lidia;Giorgi, Irene;Leonardi, Michele;Livi, Oreste;Martelli, Alma;Martinotti, Enrica. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2006.Computed Properties of C8H7ClO3 This article mentions the following:

Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are involved in many fundamental cell functions. Consistently, the ability to activate BK channels by exogenous compounds is considered as a promising pharmacodynamic pattern for the potential treatment of several pathologies. In this perspective, the development of new and selective BK-openers can be considered as an actual field of research. This paper reports the synthesis and pharmacol. evaluation of new benzanilides, useful for deepening the comprehension of the structure-activity relationships, emerged in previous studies on this class of BK-activators. From a structural point of view, these benzanilides belong to a general class of BK-activators, showing a common pharmacophoric model, consisting of two aryl groups linked through an appropriate “spacer” and the almost obligatory presence of a phenolic hydroxyl. In particular, a new series of benzanilides, in which the Ph rings have been widely changed both on the acidic portion and the basic one of the amide spacer, were synthesized. Their vasorelaxing effects, induced through the activation of BK channels, were also evaluated. Although many compounds exhibited effects which could not be attributed to the activation of BK channels, two derivatives showed a clear profile of BK-activators with vasodilator activity comparable to or slightly lower than that recorded for the reference benzimidazolone NS1619. A further mol. modeling approach allowed us to obtain a mol. electrostatic potential feature which suggests a suitable interaction with the receptor site of the BK channel, from a tri-dimensional point of view. This approach seems to represent a further contribution for the development of new BK-activators, designed on the basis of the pharmacophoric model above-mentioned. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2Computed Properties of C8H7ClO3).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Computed Properties of C8H7ClO3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of laterally fluorinated alkyl 4”-alkylterphenyl-4-yl carbonate liquid crystals was written by Choluj, Artur;Kula, Przemyslaw;Dabrowski, Roman;Tykarska, Marzena;Jaroszewicz, Leszek. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry C: Materials for Optical and Electronic Devices in 2014.Quality Control of Chloroformicacidn-nonylester This article mentions the following:

Fifteen series of homologues of a variety of mono-, di- and trifluorosubstituted alkyl 4”-alkylterphenyl-4-yl carbonates have been synthesized and their mesomorphic properties have been determined From among 95 prepared compounds, 40 pure nematogens have been found, as well as 55 mesogens with orthogonal and tilted smectic phases in broad temperature ranges. The type and combination of the LC phase strongly depend on the position and number of the fluorine atoms. Phys. properties and correlations between the mol. core fluorosubstitution, the length of the terminal chains and the type and sequence of the liquid crystalline phases, have been determined The compounds are useful for the formulation of nematic mixtures as well as ferroelec. ones. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Chloroformicacidn-nonylester (cas: 57045-82-6Quality Control of Chloroformicacidn-nonylester).

Chloroformicacidn-nonylester (cas: 57045-82-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Quality Control of Chloroformicacidn-nonylester

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of novel N-arylsulfonyl-benzimidazoles with anti Trypanosoma cruzi activity was written by Miana, Gisele E.;Ribone, Sergio R.;Vera, Domingo M. A.;Sanchez-Moreno, Manuel;Mazzieri, Maria R.;Quevedo, Mario A.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019.Application of 777-44-6 This article mentions the following:

In this report, we present the synthesis and biol. activity of 11 novel and 3 already reported N-arylsulfonyl-benzimidazole derivatives (NBSBZD, I [R¹ = H, CH₃], F etc. ) currently in development as potential anti-Tc compounds These compounds were designed as part of a library of synthetic arylsulfonyl heterocycle derivatives constructed from privileged structures exhibiting drug-like properties. Based on bioactivity assays against Tc, (in both the extracellular and intracellular forms), we observed that 10 compounds exhibited bioactivity against the epimastigote form, while six of them exhibited activity against the amastigote counterpart. Also, the compounds showed less cytotoxicity compared to the reference drug BZN as measured in Vero cell culture. In order to elucidate the potential mechanism of action, metabolite excretion profiles studies were performed, and complemented with mol. modeling studies performed over known Tc druggable targets. Consistency was observed between exptl. and theor. findings, with metabolic profiles showing that compounds I [R¹ H, CF₃, NHCOCH₃; R²= R³ H, CH₃, NO₂; R⁴ = R₅ H, CH₃ ] interfered with the normal glycolysis cycle of Tc, while mol. modeling studies were able to establish a solid structure-activity relationship towards the inhibition of 6-phospho-1-fructokinase, a key enzyme involved in the parasite glycolytic cascade. Overall, the present study constitutes a multidisciplinary contribution to the development of new anti-Chagas compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Application of 777-44-6).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Application of 777-44-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Comparison of polyamide, polyesteramide and polyester nanofiltration membranes: properties and separation performance was written by Fan, Kaiming;Liu, Yanling;Wang, Xiaoping;Cheng, Peng;Xia, Shengji. And the article was included in Separation and Purification Technology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Trimesoylchloride This article mentions the following:

In this study, three different kinds of nanofiltration membranes with polyamide (PA), polyesteramide (PEA), and polyester (PE) active layers were resp. synthesized by using piperazine, serinol and meso-erythritol as the aqueous monomers for interfacial polymerization The three types of membranes achieved comparable rejections for the reference organic solute (i.e., xylose) via optimization of preparation conditions, based on which the characteristics of different active layers were comprehensively investigated. Results showed that the PA, PEA and PE membranes exhibited distinct surface morphologies. The special surface structures of PEA membranes and the larger active layer thickness of PE membranes resulted in their lower water permeance compared to PA membranes. Different than PA active layers, the absence of pos. charged regions in the PEA and PA active layers was beneficial for the passage of divalent cations and the rejection of NaCl. Moreover, despite the comparable mean pore size, PA membranes exhibited a more uniform membrane pore size resulting in a higher rejection of organic matters in natural water than PEA and PE membranes. This study presented the differences in physicochem. properties and separation performance among the different membrane active layers, which could provide references for the rational selection of nanofiltration membrane types during application. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Application In Synthesis of Trimesoylchloride).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Application In Synthesis of Trimesoylchloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics