Month: February 2023

Highly efficient manganese (III) oxide submerged catalytic ceramic membrane for nonradical degradation of emerging organic compounds was written by Chen, Li;Maqbool, Tahir;Fu, Wanyi;Yang, Yulong;Hou, Congyu;Guo, Jianning;Zhang, Xihui. And the article was included in Separation and Purification Technology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

In this study the performance of catalytic ceramic membranes in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) was investigated. The catalytic ceramic membrane (MnCM) integrated with Mn₂O₃ nanoparticles was fabricated by a solid-state sintering method. Phys. and chem. properties of MnCM were characterized by SEM/EDX, XRD, BET, AFM and XPS. The MnCM/PMS system has shown excellent decontamination efficiencies (81-97% removal) for different EOCs. Acetaminophen (APAP) has been efficiently degraded by MnCM/PMS in different real water matrixes and harsh water conditions. Based on results of quenching experiments and ESR (EPR) analyses, non-radical pathway with singlet oxygen (¹O₂) was the dominant ROS for the degradation of EOCs. The membrane pores in active layer acted as micro-reactors for the interaction among active sites, PMS, and EOCs. The MnCM/PMS system showed outstanding catalytic stability with high mineralization (TOC removal of ∼ 65%) and negligible leaching of the manganese (1.3-1.5μg/L) in permeate. Hydroxylation and C-N bond cleavage were found to be the main degradation pathways of APAP by MnCM/PMS system. The MnCM prepared in this study with excellent performance could be a way forward for applications at large-scale or full-scale water systems suffering from heavy loads or trace amount of refractory organic compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Synthetic Route of C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Synthetic Route of C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Direct oxidative coupling of amidine hydrochlorides and methylarenes: TBHP-mediated synthesis of substituted 1,3,5-triazines under metal-free conditions was written by Guo, Wei. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2015.Name: 2-Chloro-benzamidine hydrochloride This article mentions the following:

Various 2,4,6-trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazines I (R = C₆H₅, 4-ClC₆H₄, cyclopropyl, etc.; Ar = 5-Br-2-H₃COC₆H₃, 1-naphthyl, thiophen-2-yl, etc.) were smoothly formed via TBHP-mediated direct oxidative coupling of amidine and methylarenes. This tandem oxidation-imination-cyclization transformation exhibits a straightforward protocol to prepare 1,3,5-triazines I from easily available starting materials and green oxidants under metal-free conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-benzamidine hydrochloride (cas: 18637-02-0Name: 2-Chloro-benzamidine hydrochloride).

2-Chloro-benzamidine hydrochloride (cas: 18637-02-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Name: 2-Chloro-benzamidine hydrochloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zwitterion grafted forward osmosis membranes with superwetting property via atom transfer radical polymerization was written by Yao, Xuesong;Guan, Kecheng;Sasaki, Yuji;Shintani, Takuji;Nakagawa, Keizo;Matsuyama, Hideto. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Polymer Science in 2022.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A superwetting forward osmosis membrane was prepared by grafting a zwitterion (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, MPC) onto the polyamide membrane layer via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to enhance antifouling property. The modification of the hydrophilic layer was confirmed by the characterization including Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), XPS, and contact angle goniometer. Moreover, membrane antifouling performance was evaluated by dynamic membrane fouling test using bovine-serum-albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA). The grafted membranes not only showed high fouling resistance after being exposed to up to 500 ppm SA for 10 h, but also demonstrated excellent water flux recovery with the presence of up to 1000 ppm BSA, which was significantly improved as compared to the unmodified membrane. Robust hydration layer formed by the grafted zwitterion polymer could act as a phys. and energy barrier preventing attachment of organic foulants on the membrane surface, thus significantly improving membrane fouling resistance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and Pharmacophore Modeling of 2,6,9-Trisubstituted Purine Derivatives and Their Potential Role as Apoptosis-Inducing Agents in Cancer Cell Lines was written by Calderon-Arancibia, Jeannette;Espinosa-Bustos, Christian;Canete-Molina, Alvaro;Tapia, Ricardo A.;Faundez, Mario;Torres, Maria Jose;Aguirre, Adam;Paulino, Margot;Salas, Cristian O.. And the article was included in Molecules in 2015.Application of 203436-45-7 This article mentions the following:

A series of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine derivatives I (R¹ = i-Pr, Bu, i-Bu, i-Pe, Hx, Pe; R² = H, OMe) have been synthesized and investigated for their potential role as antitumor agents. Twelve compounds were obtained by a three step synthetic procedure using microwave irradiation in a pivotal step. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro to determine their potential effect on cell toxicity by the MTT method and flow cytometry anal. on four cancer cells lines and Vero cells. Three out of twelve compounds were found to be promising agents compared to a known and effective anticancer drug, etoposide, in three out of four cancer cell lines assayed with considerable selectivity. The preliminary flow cytometry data suggests that compounds mentioned above induce apoptosis on these cells. The main structural requirements for their activity for each cancer cell line were characterized with a preliminary pharmacophore model, which identified aromatic centers, hydrogen acceptor/donor center, and a hydrophobic area. These features were consistent with the cytotoxic activity of the assayed compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7Application of 203436-45-7).

2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Application of 203436-45-7

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hybrid nanofiltration thin film hollow fiber membranes with adsorptive supports containing bentonite and LDH nanoclays for boron removal was written by Ghiasi, Sanaz;Mohammadi, Toraj;Tofighy, Maryam Ahmadzadeh. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.Electric Literature of C9H3Cl3O3 This article mentions the following:

This study focused on removal of boron from water via hybrid nanofiltration (NF) thin film composite (TFC) hollow fiber (HF) membranes. To do so, nanocomposite polyvinyl chloride (PVC) HF membranes containing bentonite and layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles as natural and synthetic adsorbents were fabricated as the adsorptive support layers with high efficiency in boron removal. The phase inversion behavior of dope solutions and mech. strength of the adsorptive nanocomposite PVC HF membranes were investigated and the results showed that LDH interacts better with PVC polymeric chains than bentonite. It was found that LDH with smaller pores and better adsorption capability in comparison with bentonite results in more hydrophilic membranes with better performance. On the other hand, bentonite tends to become agglomerated at above 1.5 wt%. Moreover, the fabricated membranes containing LDH have lower MWCO and more uniform pore size distribution which make them better options as support for the TFC layer formation to fabricate NF TFC membranes. The selective TFC layer was then fabricated via interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and 1,3,5- benzenetricarbonyl trichloride (TMC) on the outer layer of the nanocomposite PVC HF membranes. Boron removal, and recovery and reusability of the fabricated NF TFC membranes were investigated by Na₂CO₃ solution It was found that the NF TFC membranes containing LDH with boron removal of more than 83.6% and water flux of 16.1 L/m2.h at 4 bar operational pressure exhibit better performance than the NF TFC membranes containing bentonite. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Electric Literature of C9H3Cl3O3).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Electric Literature of C9H3Cl3O3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

N-chlorosaccharin oxidation of propan-2-ol: a kinetic study was written by Singh, Sanjay K.;Arora, Monika;Kaur, Gurpreet;Kaur, Raman Deep;Gujral, Harjeet. And the article was included in Archives of Applied Science Research in 2010.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Oxidation of propan-2-ol by N-chlorosaccharin (NCSA) in aqueous acetic acid medium has been carried out. The reactions exhibit first-order in oxidant and fractional order with substrate. The rate of oxidation increases with increase of acetic acid in medium while retarding by the addition of saccharin. This oxidation is acid catalyzed. The effect of temperature on reaction rate has also been studied. The thermodn. parameters have been calculated Based on all the kinetic data a possible operative mechanism has been proposed and a suitable rate law has been derived. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design and Optimization of an Acyclic Amine Series of TRPV4 Antagonists by Electronic Modulation of Hydrogen Bond Interactions was written by Patterson, Jaclyn R.;Terrell, Lamont R.;Donatelli, Carla A.;Holt, Dennis A.;Jolivette, Larry J.;Rivero, Ralph A.;Roethke, Theresa J.;Shu, Arthur;Stoy, Patrick;Ye, Guosen;Youngman, Mark;Lawhorn, Brian G.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Formula: C7H3Cl2F3O2S This article mentions the following:

Investigation of TRPV4 as a potential target for the treatment of pulmonary edema associated with heart failure generated a novel series of acyclic amine inhibitors displaying exceptional potency and PK properties. The series arose through a scaffold hopping approach, which relied on use of an internal H-bond to replace a saturated heterocyclic ring. Optimization of the lead through investigation of both aryl regions revealed approaches to increase potency through substituents believed to enhance sep. intramol. and intermol. H-bond interactions. A proposed internal H-bond between the amine and neighboring benzenesulfonamide was stabilized by electronically modulating the benzenesulfonamide. In the aryl ether moiety, substituents para to the nitrile demonstrated an electronic effect on TRPV4 recognition. Finally, the acyclic amines inactivated CYP3A4 and this liability was addressed by modifications that sterically preclude formation of a putative metabolic intermediate complex to deliver advanced TRPV4 antagonists as leads for discovery of novel medicines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 54090-42-5Formula: C7H3Cl2F3O2S).

4-Chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 54090-42-5) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Formula: C7H3Cl2F3O2S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Elastic, tough and switchable swelling hydrogels with high entanglements and low crosslinks for water remediation was written by Li, Daikun;Zhan, Wei;Zuo, Wei;Li, LiPin;Zhang, Jun;Cai, Guiyuan;Tian, Yu. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2022.Recommanded Product: 61-73-4 This article mentions the following:

Developing hydrogel adsorbents with both high mech. property and high adsorption capacity is a big challenge. At the same time, the swelling-adsorption is in conflict. Swelling expands the polymer network and facilitates the exposure of adsorption sites and the diffusion of pollutants. On the other hand, swelling causes the hydrogel to increase in volume and soften, which increases the difficulty of operation and regeneration. Hence, we promote a method of preparation advanced hydrogel adsorbent by high entanglements and low crosslinks. The entanglements work as addnl. crosslinks, reducing swelling and making the hydrogel tough. Unlike crosslinks, entanglements are like springs, which are flexible and can efficiently transmit and store stress. Therefore, highly entangled hydrogel exhibits high elasticity, low hysteresis, and good fatigue resistance. Abundant carboxyl functional groups are introduced by copolymerizing acrylic acid. The carboxyl groups are not only sites for adsorbing cationic pollutants, but also a smart switch for regulation of swelling. When adsorbing pollutants, the carboxyl groups are deprotonated, and the flexible entanglements allow large swelling of the hydrogel while maintaining good rigidity, which efficiently facilitates adsorption. Compared with highly crosslinked hydrogel with similar polymer content and carboxyl abundance, the adsorption capacity and rate of highly entangled hydrogel increased by more than ten times. While regeneration, the highly entangled hydrogel de-swells efficiently under the tension of entanglements, significantly improving the operability of regeneration. This study provides a novel strategy for developing smart hydrogel adsorbent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Recommanded Product: 61-73-4).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Recommanded Product: 61-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Polar effects of substituents on the reaction rates of 4-R and 5-R-2-nitrochlorobenzenes with pipefidine in benzene was written by Greizerstein, W.;Bonelli, R. A.;Brieux, J. A.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1962.Related Products of 16588-16-2 This article mentions the following:

The rate constants for the reaction of fourteen 4-Rand of twelve 6-R-2-nitrochlorobenzenes with piperidine in benzene solution were determined The reactions were carried out at constant temperature in sealed tubes each containing 10 ml. benzene solution of the reactants, 0.1M in the halogen compound and 1.0M in piperidine. Cl^– was determined by potentiometric titration after addition of 10 ml. 20% HNO₃. Rate constants were calculated by means of the equation k₂ = {2.303/[t(b – 2a)]} log {a(b – 2x)/b(a – x)}, where a and b were the molar concentrations of the halogen compound and piperidine, rasp., and x the concentration of Cl^– at time t. Data from duplicate runs did not differ by more than 1% and rate constants were reproducible within ±2% by independent experiments A spectrophotometric technique was used for compounds having the substituents: 4-NO₂, 3-CN, 4-CO₂Et, 4-PhN:N, 4-F₃C, and 5-CN. The absorption due to the substituted N-phenylpiperidine produced in the reaction was measured at 390420 mμ with a Beckman DU spectrophotometer. Initial concentrations ranged from 10^-4 to 10^-5M for the halogen compound and piperidine was 10²-10³ times in excess. Samples were removed from the thermostat, cooled rapidly to room temperature, and the absorbency measured directly. Pseudomonomol. rate constants were calculated graphically from the plot of O.D._∞exptl.-O.D._t; versus t (O.D, = optical d.); second-order rate constants were obtained from these by dividing by the concentration of piperidine. The results were tabulated and showed that in the nucleophilic substitution of these compounds the polarity of the substituted carbon atom was mainly determined by the overall polar effect of the substituent. The reaction followed the Hammett relationship log k_R/k_H = σ^*ρ. Using Jaffe’s σ^* values, which are equivalent to Hammett’s σ-constants for most substituents studied, a ρ-value of +3.80 with a correlation coefficient r = 0.934 resulted. For the 4-R-2-nitrochlorobenzenes, alone a ρ-constant of +4.08 with a correlation coefficient of 0.922 was obtained. In order to estimate the mesomeric interaction between a 5-substituent R and the nitro group para to each other, the values of log k_2-5R versus σ^*_meta were introduced into Hammett’s graphic plot of log k_2-4R versus σ^*_4R with ρ = 4.08. From this, the difference between σ^*_meta values employed and the amended σ-values fitting the exptl. data into the equation log k_2-5R = log k_2-H + 4.08. σ_amended was evaluated for each m-substituent. The differences for most substituents were small, but for m-CN, m-CO₂Et, and m-Ph the σ_amended values were smaller than the σ-constants by 0.24, 0.20, and 0.20 units, resp., showing that the activating influence of the nitro group ortho to the site of reaction was roughly constant but smaller than the overall effect in most compounds studied. 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzotrifluoride and 4-chloro-3-nitroazobenzene showed an inversion of relative reactivity between 35 and 45°, but the order for the more reactive compounds at 45°, k_4-No2 > k_4-CN > k_4-CO2Et > k_4-F3C gt; k_4-C6H5N2 > k_4-CO2H gt; k_4-halogen was that expected from their total polar effects upon the site of substitution. The 3-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid reacted slower than the p- and o-substituted isomer. The substituents 4-OMe, 4-OEt, and 4-NH₂ were found to be deactivating by their mesomeric effect, while halogens produced a marked increase in the rate, specially from the m-position, due to their neg. inductive effect. A Me group in the m-position gave a slight decrease of the rate, this being more pronounced if Me was in the p-position. The phenyl group slightly enhanced the reactivity from the m-positions, a greater increment being observed from the p-position. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Related Products of 16588-16-2).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Related Products of 16588-16-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structure-Based Design of Potent and Ligand-Efficient Inhibitors of CTX-M Class A β-Lactamase was written by Nichols, Derek A.;Jaishankar, Priyadarshini;Larson, Wayne;Smith, Emmanuel;Liu, Guoqing;Beyrouthy, Racha;Bonnet, Richard;Renslo, Adam R.;Chen, Yu. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2012.Quality Control of 2-Chloro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid This article mentions the following:

The emergence of CTX-M class A extended-spectrum β-lactamases poses a serious health threat to the public. We have applied structure-based design to improve the potency of a novel noncovalent tetrazole-containing CTX-M inhibitor (K_i = 21 μM) more than 200-fold via structural modifications targeting two binding hot spots, a hydrophobic shelf formed by Pro167 and a polar site anchored by Asp240. Functional groups contacting each binding hot spot independently in initial designs were later combined to produce analogs with submicromolar potencies, including 6-trifluoromethyl-3H-benzoimidazole-4-carboxylic acid [3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-amide, which had a K_i value of 89 nM and reduced the MIC of cefotaxime by 64-fold in CTX-M-9 expressing Escherichia coli. The in vitro potency gains were accompanied by improvements in ligand efficiency (from 0.30 to 0.39) and LipE (from 1.37 to 3.86). These new analogs represent the first nM-affinity noncovalent inhibitors of a class A β-lactamase. Their complex crystal structures provide valuable information about ligand binding for future inhibitor design. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 22227-59-4Quality Control of 2-Chloro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid).

2-Chloro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (cas: 22227-59-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Quality Control of 2-Chloro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics