Month: February 2023

Stable isotope probing reveals specific assimilating bacteria of refractory organic compounds in activated sludget was written by Sun, Haohao;Huang, Kailong;Zhang, Xuxiang;Ren, Hongqiang;Ye, Lin. And the article was included in Water Research in 2022.Quality Control of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

Activated sludge in wastewater treatment bioreactors contains diverse bacteria, while little is known about the community structure of bacteria responsible for degradation of refractory organic compounds (ROCs). In this study, 10 ROCs frequently detected in sewage were investigated, and the potential bacteria degrading these ROCs were analyzed by DNA stable isotope probing and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial communities responsible for degradation of different ROCs were largely different. A total of 84 bacterial genera were found to be involved in degrading at least one of the 10 ROCs, however, only six genera (Acinetobacter, Bacteroides, Bosea, Brevundimonas, Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas) were common to all 10 ROCs. This suggests that different ROCs may have specific assimilating bacteria in the activated sludge. Our results also showed that these ROC-degrading bacteria are difficult to isolate by conventional methods and that most of them have relatively low relative abundance in municipal wastewater treatment bioreactors. Development of new technologies to increase the abundance and activity of these bacteria may significantly improve the removal efficiency of ROCs from wastewater. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Quality Control of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Quality Control of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and 2D- and 3D-QSAR studies of 19-carboxyl-modified novel isosteviol derivatives as potential anticancer agents was written by Liu, Cong-Jun;Zhang, Tao;Yu, Shu-Ling;Dai, Xing-Jie;Wu, Ya;Tao, Jing-Chao. And the article was included in Chemical Biology & Drug Design in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 6590-96-1 This article mentions the following:

Two series of novel acylthiosemicarbazide and oxadiazole fused-isosteviol derivatives were synthesized based on the 19-carboxyl modification. The target compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against three cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HGC-27, and JEKO-1) using an MTT assay. Lead compounds from the acylthiosemicarbazides (4) showed IC₅₀ values in the lower micromolar range. For example, compounds (4i, 4l, 4m, 4r, and 4s) exhibited significant inhibitory activities against the three cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 0.95-3.36 μm. Furthermore, 2D-HQSAR and 3D-topomer CoMFA analyses were established, which could be used to develop second generation of isosteviol derivatives as anticancer agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1HPLC of Formula: 6590-96-1).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.HPLC of Formula: 6590-96-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Human health and ecological risk assessment of 98 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) detected in Indian surface and wastewaters was written by Sengar, Ashish;Vijayanandan, Arya. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

The release of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in environmental waters has become an urgent issue due to their pseudo-persistent traits. The present study was undertaken to conduct a screening-level risk assessment of 98 PPCPs, detected in different water matrixes (treated wastewater, surface water, and groundwater) of India, for evaluating ecol. risk (risk to fish, daphnia, and algae), human health risk, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) selection risk by following risk quotient (RQ) based methodol. In the present study, 47% of the detected PPCPs in Indian waters were found to exert a possible risk (RQ > 1) to either aquatic species and human health, or cause AMR selection risk. 17 out of 25 antibiotics detected in the environmental waters were found to pose a threat of AMR selection. 11 out of 49 pharmaceuticals were found to exert human health risk from ingesting contaminated surface water, whereas only 2 pharmaceuticals out of 25 were found to exert risk from the intake of groundwater. Very high RQs (>1000) for few pharmaceuticals were obtained, signifying a great potential of the detected PPCPs in causing severe health concern, aquatic toxicity, and AMR spread. Within India, special attention needs to be given to the pharmaceutical hubs, as the environmental waters in these regions were found to be severely contaminated with drug residues resulting in extremely high RQs. The present study will be helpful in prioritizing the detected PPCPs in the environmental waters of India, for which immediate attention and enforceable guidelines are required. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Isoxazol-5(2H)-one: a new scaffold for potent human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors was written by Vergelli, Claudia;Schepetkin, Igor A.;Crocetti, Letizia;Iacovone, Antonella;Giovannoni, Maria Paola;Guerrini, Gabriella;Khlebnikov, Andrei I.;Ciattini, Samuele;Ciciani, Giovanna;Quinn, Mark T.. And the article was included in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Formula: C8H4ClNO This article mentions the following:

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is an important target for the development of novel and selective inhibitors to treat inflammatory diseases, especially pulmonary pathologies. Here, the authors report the synthesis, structure-activity relationship anal., and biol. evaluation of a new series of HNE inhibitors with an isoxazol-5(2H)-one scaffold. The most potent compound (2o) (3-isopropyl-2-(4-methylbenzoyl)isoxazol-5(2H)-one) had a good balance between HNE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ value =20 nM) and chem. stability in aqueous buffer (t_1/2=8.9 h). Anal. of reaction kinetics revealed that the most potent isoxazolone derivatives were reversible competitive inhibitors of HNE. Furthermore, since compounds (2o) and (2s) (3-isopropyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)isoxazol-5(2H)-one) contain two carbonyl groups (2-N-CO and 5-CO) as possible points of attack for Ser 195, the amino acid of the active site responsible for the nucleophilic attack, docking studies allowed the authors to clarify the different roles played by these groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1Formula: C8H4ClNO).

3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Formula: C8H4ClNO

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structure-Guided Discovery of Potent Antifungals that Prevent Ras Signaling by Inhibiting Protein Farnesyl transferase was written by Wang, You;Xu, Feng;Nichols, Connie B.;Shi, Yuqian;Hellinga, Homme W.;Alspaugh, J. Andrew;Distefano, Mark D.;Beese, Lorena S.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2022.Related Products of 76-83-5 This article mentions the following:

Compounds that prevent farnesylation of Cryptoccoccus neoformans Ras protein by inhibiting protein farnesyl transferase with 3-4 nanomolar affinities was developed . Farnesylation directs Ras to the cell membrane and was required for infectivity of this lethal pathogenic fungus. Our high-affinity compounds inhibit fungal growth with 3-6 micromolar min. inhibitory concentrations (MICs), 4- to 8-fold better than Fluconazole, an antifungal commonly used in the clinic. Compounds bound with distinct inhibition mechanisms at two alternative, partially overlapping binding sites, accessed via different inhibitor conformations. Antifungal potency depends critically on the selected inhibition mechanism because this determines the efficacy of an inhibitor at low in vivo levels of enzyme and farnesyl substrate was showed. How chem. modifications of the antifungals encode desired inhibitor conformation and concomitant inhibitory mechanism was elucidated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Related Products of 76-83-5).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Related Products of 76-83-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Thin film nanocomposite membrane incorporated with 2D-MOF nanosheets for highly efficient reverse osmosis desalination was written by Liu, Yi;Wang, Xin-ping;Zong, Zi-ao;Lin, Rijia;Zhang, Xiao-yin;Chen, Fu-shan;Ding, Wan-de;Zhang, Li-li;Meng, Xiang-min;Hou, Jingwei. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.Product Details of 4422-95-1 This article mentions the following:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn significant attention in the fabrication of thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. In particular, two-dimensional MOFs (2D-MOFs) are advantageous in improving compatibility and mol. sieving performance depending on the sub-at. surface thickness, high exposure of surface functional groups and controllable pore structure properties. In this study, a robust high performance TFN membrane for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination was fabricated using an interfacial polymerization strategy on the surface of polysulfone (PSF) substrate with embedded ultrasonically exfoliated nickel-based 2D-MOF nanosheet in the selective layer. The TFN membrane modified by adding 0.015 wt% 2D-MOF nanosheet to the aqueous phase exhibits a 2.5 times higher water permeability with a well-maintained salt rejection (water permeance up to 50.0 L m^-2 h^-1·MPa^-1, NaCl rejection of 99.2%) compared to pristine thin film composite (TFC) membrane (water permeance 20.6 L m^-2 h^-1·MPa^-1, NaCl rejection 99.3%). Meanwhile, the modified TFN membrane features outstanding anti-fouling properties against 500 ppm humic acid with a high water permeance recovery ratio of 96.9%. In addition, the diffusions of water mols. both in pristine TFC membrane and modified TFN membrane were investigated by the mol. dynamics (MD) simulation, showing good agreement with the exptl. results. The simulation results reveal that the incorporation of 2D-MOF nanosheets can reduce transfer resistance and increase water diffusion because of the extra pores of 2D-MOF and H bonds between free water mols. and the coordination water of 2D-MOF. This study presents a new strategy to fabricate high-performance RO membranes, and also provides further insights into the great potential of 2D-MOFs in the water-treatment field. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Product Details of 4422-95-1).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Product Details of 4422-95-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design and syntheses of some new pyrazolo[3,4-d]-8-(phenyl)-1,2,4-(8H)-triazolo-[2,3-a]-pyrimidin-4(1H)-one derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agent was written by Kawade, D. P.;Khedekar, P. B.. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2014.Safety of 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate This article mentions the following:

Pyrazolo[3,4-d](aryl)-1,2,4-triazolopyrimidinones I [R = 2-Me, 4-Me, 2-Cl, 4-Cl, 2-O₂N, 4-O₂N, etc.] were synthesized from 5-amino-6-arylamino-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones which were obtained by the reaction of ethyl-5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate and appropriate phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of toluene followed by cyclization reaction with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol. The most active compounds I [R = 2-O₂N, 4-O₂N] were evaluated for its ulcerogenicity. The results of anti-inflammatory activity (in-vivo) indicated that the compounds I [R = 2-O₂N, 4-O₂N] possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity as compared to standard drug, Indomethacin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Safety of 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Safety of 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A whole-animal platform to advance a clinical kinase inhibitor into new disease space was written by Sonoshita, Masahiro;Scopton, Alex P.;Ung, Peter M. U.;Murray, Matthew A.;Silber, Lisa;Maldonado, Andres Y.;Real, Alexander;Schlessinger, Avner;Cagan, Ross L.;Dar, Arvin C.. And the article was included in Nature Chemical Biology in 2018.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S This article mentions the following:

Synthetic tailoring of approved drugs for new indications is often difficult, as the most appropriate targets may not be readily apparent, and therefore few roadmaps exist to guide chem. Here, we report a multidisciplinary approach for accessing novel target and chem. space starting from an FDA-approved kinase inhibitor. By combining chem. and genetic modifier screening with computational modeling, we identify distinct kinases that strongly enhance (‘pro-targets’) or limit (‘anti-targets’) whole-animal activity of the clin. kinase inhibitor sorafenib in a Drosophila medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) model. We demonstrate that RAF-the original intended sorafenib target-and MKNK kinases function as pharmacol. liabilities because of inhibitor-induced transactivation and neg. feedback, resp. Through progressive synthetic refinement, we report a new class of ‘tumor calibrated inhibitors’ with unique polypharmacol. and strongly improved therapeutic index in fly and human MTC xenograft models. This platform provides a rational approach to creating new high-efficacy and low-toxicity drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structural Insights of Benzenesulfonamide Analogues as NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Characterization was written by Fulp, Jacob;He, Liu;Toldo, Stefano;Jiang, Yuqi;Boice, Ashley;Guo, Chunqing;Li, Xia;Rolfe, Andrew;Sun, Dong;Abbate, Antonio;Wang, Xiang-Yang;Zhang, Shijun. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.COA of Formula: C8H7ClO3 This article mentions the following:

NLRP3 inflammasome plays critical roles in a variety of human diseases and represents a promising drug target. In this study, we established the in vivo functional activities of JC124, a previously identified NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor from our group, in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease and acute myocardial infarction. To understand the chem. space of this lead structure, a series of analogs were designed, synthesized, and biol. characterized. The results revealed the critical roles of the two substituents on the benzamide moiety of JC124. On the other hand, modifications on the sulfonamide moiety of JC124 are well tolerated. Two new lead compounds, 14 and 17, were identified with improved inhibitory potency (IC₅₀ values of 0.55 ± 0.091 and 0.42 ± 0.080 μM, resp.). Further characterization confirmed their selectivity and in vivo target engagement. Collectively, the results strongly encourage further development of more potent analogs based on this chem. scaffold. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2COA of Formula: C8H7ClO3).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.COA of Formula: C8H7ClO3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Highly Stable Silver-Loaded Membrane Prepared by Interfacial Polymerization for Olefin Separation was written by Wang, Keying;Ren, Yuling;Luo, Jianquan;Zhuang, Yongbing;Feng, Shichao;Wan, Yinhua. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2022.Application of 4422-95-1 This article mentions the following:

The separation of light olefins from paraffins by a silver-loaded facilitated transport membrane has received wide attention in recent years. However, the undesirable instability of carriers Ag⁺ has consistently restricted its further application. In this work, a silver-loaded facilitated transport membrane is developed by interfacial polymerization on PDMS/PSF support. A part of Ag⁺ in the prepared membrane is presented as silver(I)-polyetheramine (Ag(I)-PEA) complexes that can effectively enhance the stability of Ag⁺. To eliminate nonselective voids and bring more carriers (Ag⁺), secondary aqueous phase treatment was conducted. And the effect of PEA and TMC concentrations, ratio of PEA to AgNO₃, as well as secondary aqueous phase treatment on the gas transport is systematically investigated. The results show that the facilitated transport of Ag⁺ to C₃H₆ can offset the increase in diffusion resistance induced by the incremental membrane thickness and crosslinking degree as well as the addnl. AgCl particles on the membrane. Finally, the optimum C₃H₆/C₃H₈ selectivity of the silver-loaded membrane is trebled over the membrane without silver. Remarkably, the TMC_0.6%-PEA_10%(AgNO₃)_10:9-2/PDMS/PSF membranes show great long-term stability of about 29 days. In this work, both monomer synthesis and preparation methods are facile and versatile, presenting a promising strategy for the preparation of silver-loaded membranes with a long-term separation property. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Application of 4422-95-1).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Application of 4422-95-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics