Month: February 2023

Maximizing ER-α Degradation Maximizes Activity in a Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Model: Identification of GDC-0927 was written by Kahraman, Mehmet;Govek, Steven P.;Nagasawa, Johnny Y.;Lai, Andiliy;Bonnefous, Celine;Douglas, Karensa;Sensintaffar, John;Liu, Nhin;Lee, KyoungJin;Aparicio, Anna;Kaufman, Josh;Qian, Jing;Shao, Gang;Prudente, Rene;Joseph, James D.;Darimont, Beatrice;Brigham, Daniel;Heyman, Richard;Rix, Peter J.;Hager, Jeffrey H.;Smith, Nicholas D.. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2019.Application In Synthesis of 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride This article mentions the following:

The further optimization of ER-α degradation efficacy of a series of ER modulators by refining side-chain substitution led to efficacious selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs). A fluoromethyl azetidine group was found to be preferred and resulted in the identification of bis-phenol chromene 17ha. In a tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer xenograft model, 17ha (ER-α degradation efficacy = 97%) demonstrated tumor regression, together with robust reduction of intratumoral ER-α levels. However, despite superior oral exposure, 5a (ER-α degradation efficacy = 91%) had inferior activity. This result suggests that optimizing ER-α degradation efficacy leads to compounds with robust effects in a model of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Compound 17ha (GDC-0927) was evaluated in clin. trials in women with metastatic estrogen receptor-pos. breast cancer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0Application In Synthesis of 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Application In Synthesis of 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification, isolation, synthesis and characterization of isopropyl ester impurity of glibenclamide was written by Pandey, Lawanya Lata;Sarkar, Swagata. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2021.Reference of 3438-16-2 This article mentions the following:

The aim of this work is the detection, identification and elucidation of structure of organic impurity which may present in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. The control of impurities is currently a critical issue to the healthcare manufacturing Various Regulatory authorities like ICH, USFDA, UK- MHRA and CDSCO are emphasizing on the requirements and the identification of impurities Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients’s (API’s) as well as finished products. International Conference of Harmonisation (ICH) formulated guidelines concerning the control and limit of impurities. In this article we have synthesized iso-Pr impurity of Glibenclamide drug, which is a process related impurity. We have developed a novel method of synthesis of Iso-Pr ester impurity of glibenclamide drug. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2Reference of 3438-16-2).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Reference of 3438-16-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and biological evaluation of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinones, thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines and quinazolinones: conformationally restricted 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β-HSD2) inhibitors was written by Perspicace, Enrico;Marchais-Oberwinkler, Sandrine;Hartmann, Rolf W.. And the article was included in Molecules in 2013.Formula: C9H9ClO2 This article mentions the following:

In this study, a series of conformationally restricted thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinone derivatives, thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives and quinazolinone derivatives was designed and synthesized with the goal of improving the biol. activity as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitors of the corresponding amidothiophene derivatives Two moderately active compounds were discovered and this allowed the identification of the biol. active open conformer as well as the extension of the enzyme binding site characterization. The title compounds thus formed included a thienopyrimidine derivative (I) and related substances, such as quinazoline analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0Formula: C9H9ClO2).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Formula: C9H9ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Activator free, expeditious and eco-friendly chlorination of activated arenes by N-chloro-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzene sulfonamide (NCBSI) was written by Misal, Balu;Palav, Amey;Ganwir, Prerna;Chaturbhuj, Ganesh. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2021.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClNO3S This article mentions the following:

N-Chloro-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzene sulfonamide (NCBSI) was explored for the first time as a chlorinating reagent for direct chlorination of various activated arenes and heterocycles without any activator. A comparative in-silico study was performed to determine the electrophilic character for NCBSI and com. available N-chloro reagents to reveal the reactivity on a theor. viewpoint. The reagent was prepared by an improved method avoiding the use of hazardous t-Bu hypochlorite. This reagent was proved to be very reactive compared to other N-chloro reagents. The precursor of the reagent N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzene sulfonamide was recovered from aqueous spent, which can be recycled to synthesize NCBSI. The eco-friendly protocol was equally applicable for the synthesis of industrially important chloroxylenol as an antibacterial agent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0Synthetic Route of C7H4ClNO3S).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClNO3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Targeted covalent inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase in cells was written by Worth, Matthew;Hu, Chia-Wei;Li, Hao;Fan, Dacheng;Estevez, Arielis;Zhu, Dongsheng;Wang, Ao;Jiang, Jiaoyang. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-Chlorobut-2-enoic acid This article mentions the following:

O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) glycosylates numerous proteins and is implicated in many diseases. To date, most OGT inhibitors lack either sufficient potency or characterized specificity in cells. We report the first targeted covalent inhibitor that predominantly reacts with OGT but does not affect other functionally similar enzymes. This study provides a new strategy to interrogate cellular OGT functions and to investigate other glycosyltransferases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-Chlorobut-2-enoic acid (cas: 26340-58-9Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-Chlorobut-2-enoic acid).

(E)-4-Chlorobut-2-enoic acid (cas: 26340-58-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-Chlorobut-2-enoic acid

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Investigation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4-ones as novel monoamine oxidase inhibitors was written by Panova, Valeria A.;Filimonov, Sergey I.;Chirkova, Zhanna V.;Kabanova, Mariya V.;Shetnev, Anton A.;Korsakov, Mikhail K.;Petzer, Anel;Petzer, Jacobus P.;Suponitsky, Kyrill Yu. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2021.Synthetic Route of C9H8ClNO4 This article mentions the following:

The present study synthesized a series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4-one derivatives I [R¹ = H, Me, MeO, Cl; R² = NH₂, CN, Me(CO)NH, Et(O)OC; R³ = H, HO, acetyloxidanyl, (2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)oxidanyl] and evaluated them as potential inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. The results showed that derivatives I [R¹ = H, MeO, Cl; R² = NH₂, Me(CO)NH; R³ = H, HO, acetyloxidanyl] inhibited MAO-A, and derivatives I [R¹ = Me, MeO; R² = CN; R³ = H, (2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)oxidanyl] inhibited MAO-B with IC₅₀ values in the submicromolar range (<1μM). The most potent MAO-A inhibitor, I [R¹ = Cl, R² = MeC(O)NH, R³ = acetyloxidanyl], exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 0.028μM and displayed 50-fold selectivity for MAO-A over MAO-B. The most potent MAO-B inhibitor, I [R¹ = Me, R² = CN, R³ = H], exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 0.617μM and displayed 8-fold selectivity for MAO-B. This was the first reported MAO inhibition by pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4-one derivatives, I and this study concluded that these compounds I were suitable lead for the future development of MAO inhibitors, particularly of the MAO-A isoform. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Synthetic Route of C9H8ClNO4).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Synthetic Route of C9H8ClNO4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

GC-MS comparison of the behavior of chlorine and sodium hypochlorite towards organic compounds dissolved in water was written by Lebedev, Albert T.;Shaydullina, Gulnara M.;Sinikova, Natalia A.;Harchevnikova, Nina V.. And the article was included in Water Research in 2004.Computed Properties of C8H7ClO3 This article mentions the following:

The reaction pathways of aqueous chlorination of anisole, ethylbenzene and o-methoxybenzoic acid being structural fragments of humic matter were studied using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. Cl and Na hypochlorite were used as commonly used disinfecting agents. Comparison of the chlorinating agents was performed in terms of the assortment and relative amounts of reaction products. Detailed schemes of the selected substrates transformation were proposed. Quantum chem. calculations were applied to propose structures of the reacting particles and a numerical parameter to estimate an extent of conversion of aromatic substrates during chlorination. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2Computed Properties of C8H7ClO3).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Computed Properties of C8H7ClO3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Carbon Dioxide-Catalyzed Stereoselective Cyanation Reaction was written by Roy, Tamal;Kim, Myungjo J.;Yang, Yang;Kim, Suyeon;Kang, Gyumin;Ren, Xinyi;Kadziola, Anders;Lee, Hee-Yoon;Baik, Mu-Hyun;Lee, Ji-Woong. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2019.COA of Formula: C9H9ClO2 This article mentions the following:

We report a Michael-type cyanation reaction of coumarins by using CO₂ as a catalyst. The delivery of the nucleophilic cyanide was realized by catalytic amounts of CO₂, which forms cyanoformate and bicarbonate in the presence of water. Under ambient conditions, CO₂-catalyzed reactions afforded high chemo- and diastereoselectivity of β-nitrile carbonyls, whereas only low reactivities were observed under argon or N₂. Computational and exptl. data suggest the catalytic role of CO₂, which functions as a Lewis acid, and a protecting group to mask the reactivity of the product, suppressing byproducts and polymerization The utility of this convenient method was demonstrated by preparing biol. relevant heterocyclic compounds with ease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0COA of Formula: C9H9ClO2).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.COA of Formula: C9H9ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

On-Demand Control of the Photochromic Properties of Naphthopyrans was written by Kuroiwa, Hayato;Inagaki, Yuki;Mutoh, Katsuya;Abe, Jiro. And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2019.SDS of cas: 6834-42-0 This article mentions the following:

Photofunctional compounds have emerged as critically important materials for both fundamental studies and industrial applications. Control of the thermal decoloration speed to within several seconds while sustaining satisfactory photochromic colorability is an important challenge for the application of such materials to photochromic lenses and smart windows. Photochromic naphthopyran derivatives are utilized for photochromic lenses because of their high durability and easily controllable colorability. However, the residual color imparted by the long-lived transient species upon ceasing light irradiation remains a hindrance to practical applications. In this study, a strategy is demonstrated for on-demand control of the thermal decoloration speed of the transient colored species of naphthopyran derivatives The increase in the ring-size of the alkylenedioxy moiety on the naphthopyrans accelerates the thermal back-reaction independently of the maximum-absorption wavelength of the colored isomer, leading to the realization of yellow-, red-, and blue-photochromic naphthopyrans with similar thermal fading speeds. This novel mol. design provides a strategy for the future development of advanced photoresponsive materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0SDS of cas: 6834-42-0).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.SDS of cas: 6834-42-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kinetics of peroxodisulfate oxidation of ortho-substituted N,N-dimethylanilines, and the mechanism of Boyland-Sims oxidation was written by Srinivasan, Chockalingam;Perumal, Subbu;Arumugam, Natesan. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2: Physical Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) in 1985.Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline This article mentions the following:

The kinetics of oxidation of o-RC₆H₄NMe₂ (I; R = H, MeO, Me, F, Cl, Br, NO₂) by S₂O₈^2- were studied in 50% (volume/volume) H₂O-EtOH containing 0.025 mol/dm³ phosphate buffer (pH 7). The reaction is 2nd-order overall, and 1st-order in each reactant. The rate was not influenced by the presence of the free-radical inhibitor H₂C:CHCH₂OAc. An increase in the polarity of the medium enhances the rate. The reactivities of I lie in the order H > Me ≈ MeO > F > Br > Cl > NO₂. Multiple regression anal. of the rate data reveals that the rate is susceptible to significant electronic and steric effects. All these observations are rationalized on the basis of attack of the oxidant at the ipso-position of the amine. Correlation anal. of reactivity data from the literature also indicates that the mechanism involves ipso-attack and not attack on N. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline).

2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics