Month: February 2023

Integrating Hydrogen Production and Transfer Hydrogenation with Selenite Promoted Electrooxidation of 伪-Nitrotoluenes to E-Nitroethenes was written by Chong, Xiaodan;Liu, Cuibo;Wang, Changhong;Yang, Rong;Zhang, Bin. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021.COA of Formula: C11H14ClNO2 This article mentions the following:

Developing an electrochem. carbon-added reaction with accelerated kinetics to replace the low-value and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is markedly significant to pure hydrogen production Regulating the critical steps to precisely design electrode materials to selectively synthesize targeted compounds is highly desirable. Here, inspired by the surfaced adsorbed SeO_x^2- promoting OER, NiSe is demonstrated to be an efficient anode enabling 伪-nitrotoluene electrooxidation to E-nitroethene with up to 99 % E selectivity, 89 % Faradaic efficiency, and the reaction rate of 0.25 mmol cm-2 h-1 via inhibiting side reactions for energy-saving hydrogen generation. The high performance can be associated with its in situ formed NiOOH surface layer and absorbed SeO_x^2- via Se leaching-oxidation during electrooxidation, and the preferential adsorption of two -NO2 groups of intermediate on NiOOH. A self-coupling of 伪-carbon radicals and subsequent elimination of a nitrite mol. pathway is proposed. Wide substrate scope, scale-up synthesis of E-nitroethene, and paired productions of E-nitroethene and hydrogen or N-protected aminoarenes over a bifunctional NiSe electrode highlight the promising potential. Gold also displays a similar promoting effect for 伪-nitrotoluene transformation like SeO_x^2-, rationalizing the strategy of designing materials to suppress side reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6COA of Formula: C11H14ClNO2).

tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).COA of Formula: C11H14ClNO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A novel conductive nanocomposite-based biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of microRNA-21 in serum, using methylene blue as mediator was written by Deng, Mengtian;Feng, Jialu;Tao, Dan;Yan, Hanhui;Ding, Jingjing;Jaffrezic-Renault, Nicole;Guo, Zhenzhong. And the article was included in Bioelectrochemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

MicroRNA-21 (miRNA-21) is a common biomarker with high expression in breast tumors. Therefore, sensitive detection of miRNA-21 is of great significance for clin. breast tumor diagnosis. A TH/rGO/CMK-3/AuNPs nanocomposite is composed of thionine (TH), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which help to increase the sp. surface area of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and to amplify the DPV signal. Meanwhile, methylene blue (MB) was combined with the capture probe guanine and absorbed by the composite material to mediate the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of the obtained miRNA biosensor. The current response decreased with increasing miRNA-21 concentration under optimal conditions. The biosensor responds to miRNA-21 in the 0.1fM-1 pM concentration range, and the detection limit (LOD) was 0.046 fM. Moreover, human serum samples were effectively detected utilizing the miRNA-21 biosensor with satisfactory results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Quality Control of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Quality Control of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gold Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Iodoarenes was written by Daley, Ryan A.;Morrenzin, Aaron S.;Neufeldt, Sharon R.;Topczewski, Joseph J.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020.Computed Properties of C7H3ClF2O2 This article mentions the following:

Decarboxylative cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl carboxylates with iodoarenes in the presence of a gold cata-lyst (>25 examples, up to 96% yield) was reported. This reaction was site specific, which overcomes prior limitations associated with gold cat-alyzed oxidative coupling reactions. The reactivity of the (hetero)aryl carboxylate correlated qual. to the field effect pa-rameter (Fortho). Reactions with isolated gold complexes and DFT calculations supported a mechanism proceeding through oxida-tive addition at a gold(I) cation with decarboxylation being viable at either gold(I) or silver(I) species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Chloro-2,6-difluorobenzoic acid (cas: 225104-76-7Computed Properties of C7H3ClF2O2).

3-Chloro-2,6-difluorobenzoic acid (cas: 225104-76-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Computed Properties of C7H3ClF2O2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium-Catalyzed 3-Aryl-5-acyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole Formation from Ketones, Amidines, and Sulfur Powder was written by Wang, Zilong;Xie, Hao;Xiao, Fuhong;Guo, Yanjun;Huang, Huawen;Deng, Guo-Jun. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2017.Related Products of 18637-02-0 This article mentions the following:

An efficient strategy for the preparation of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-thiadiazoles from ketones, amidines, and sulfur powder under palladium-catalyzed conditions was developed. In this transformation, aromatic ketones act as both the carbon and acyl sources. The reaction provided efficient access to 3-aryl-5-acyl-1,2,4-thiadiazoles from readily available starting materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-benzamidine hydrochloride (cas: 18637-02-0Related Products of 18637-02-0).

2-Chloro-benzamidine hydrochloride (cas: 18637-02-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Related Products of 18637-02-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Discovery and Development of a New Class of Potent, Selective, Orally Active Oxytocin Receptor Antagonists was written by Quattropani, Anna;Dorbais, Jerome;Covini, David;Pittet, Pierre-Andre;Colovray, Veronique;Thomas, Russell J.;Coxhead, Richard;Halazy, Serge;Scheer, Alexander;Missotten, Marc;Ayala, Guidon;Bradshaw, Charles;De Raemy-Schenk, Anne-Marie;Nichols, Anthony;Cirillo, Rocco;Tos, Enrico Gillio;Giachetti, Claudio;Golzio, Lucia;Marinelli, Paolo;Church, Dennis J.;Barberis, Claude;Chollet, Andre;Schwarz, Matthias K.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2005.Electric Literature of C10H13ClO3S This article mentions the following:

We report a novel chem. class of potent oxytocin receptor antagonists showing a high degree of selectivity against the closely related vasopressin receptors (V1a, V1b, V2). An initial compound, 7, was shown to be active in an animal model of preterm labor when administered by the i.v. but not by the oral route. Stepwise SAR investigations around the different structural elements revealed one position, the arenesulfonyl moiety, to be amenable to structural changes. Consequently, this position was used to introduce a variety of substituents to improve the physicochem. properties. Some of the resulting analogs were found to be superior to 7 both in terms of potency in vitro and aqueous solubility, which translated into significantly improved efficacy in the animal model after i.v. and oral administration. The best compound, 73, potently inhibited oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in nonpregnant rats and reduced spontaneous uterine contractions in late-term pregnant rats. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3Electric Literature of C10H13ClO3S).

4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Electric Literature of C10H13ClO3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of 1-aryl- and 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylquinoxalinium perchlorates. Part 3. Synthesis of 1,2,3-trimethyl-6-X- and 1-cyclohexyl-2,3-dimethyl-6-X-quinoxalinium perchlorates was written by Schelz, D.;Rotzler, N.. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 1983.Safety of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate This article mentions the following:

The title compounds (I; R = cyclohexyl, Me; R¹ = H₂N, MeO, Me, AcNH, H, halogen, EtO₂C, F₃C, MeSO₂, O₂N), useful as precursors for naphthophenazinone dyes were synthesized starting with 2-nitrohalobenzenes. The preferred method of condensing the diamine intermediate (II) with 2,3-butanedione聽聽[431-03-8] in mixtures of HOAc and HClO₄ was not successful whenever R¹ was a strongly electron-withdrawing substituent. But in those cases R¹ stabilized the corresponding enamines III, which could be obtained very easily. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Safety of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Safety of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New Generation of Amino Coumarin Methyl Sulfonate-Based Fluorogenic Substrates for Amidase Assays in Droplet-Based Microfluidic Applications was written by Woronoff, Gabrielle;El Harrak, Abdeslam;Mayot, Estelle;Schicke, Olivier;Miller, Oliver J.;Soumillion, Patrice;Griffiths, Andrew D.;Ryckelynck, Michael. And the article was included in Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) in 2011.Reference of 6834-42-0 This article mentions the following:

Droplet-based microfluidics is a powerful tool for biol. and chem. as it allows the production and the manipulation of picoliter-size droplets acting as individual reactors. In this format, high-sensitivity assays are typically based on fluorescence, so fluorophore exchange between droplets must be avoided. Fluorogenic substrates based on the coumarin leaving group are widely used to measure a variety of enzymic activities, but their application in droplet-based microfluidic systems is severely impaired by the fast transport of the fluorescent product between compartments. Here the authors report the synthesis of new amidase fluorogenic substrates based on 7-aminocoumarin-4-methanesulfonic acid (ACMS), a highly water-soluble dye, and their suitability for droplet-based microfluidics applications. Both substrate and product had the required spectral characteristics and remained confined in droplets from hours to days. As a model experiment, a phenylacetylated ACMS was synthesized and used as a fluorogenic substrate of Escherichia coli penicillin G acylase. Kinetic parameters (k_cat and K_m) measured in bulk and in droplets on-chip were very similar, demonstrating the suitability of this synthesis strategy to produce a variety of ACMS-based substrates for assaying amidase activities both in microtiter plate and droplet-based microfluidic formats. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0Reference of 6834-42-0).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Reference of 6834-42-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Aromatic nucleophilic substitution. VI. Reactions of polychlorofluorobenzene with nucleophilic agents was written by Kobrina, L. S.;Yakobson, G. G.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii in 1965.Application of 4815-64-9 This article mentions the following:

In the title benzene derivatives the greater mobility of F over Cl atoms was utilized for a series of nucleophilic displacements. 2,4,6-Cl₃C₆H₂F mixed with HNO₃ (d. 1.52) at 20掳 and kept 3 hrs. at 60掳 gave the 3-nitro derivative, 77%, b. 216-20% n²⁰_D 1.5680, which chlorinated at 200-20掳 to 73% 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorofluorobenzene m. 25-6掳. m-FC₆H₄Cl (100 g.) in AcOH (88 g.) treated with 176 g. HNO₃ (d. 1.52) and heated 6 hrs. at 50掳 gave 94.5% nitro derivatives which reduced with Fe in aqueous NH₄Cl in 2 hrs. to 88% mixed amines, b₂₈ 102-3掳, which with Ac₂O gave N-acetyl derivatives, m. 96-100掳. These nitrated in concentrated H₂SO₄-AcOH with HNO₃ (d. 1.52) at 20掳 6 hrs. gave 81% nitro derivatives, m. 135-7掳, which hydrolyzed by heating with concentrated H₂SO₄ 3 hrs. to 90% aminonitrofluorochlorobenzenes m. 73-6掳, which diazotized and treated with EtOH and FeSO₄ gave 65.5% 3-fluoro-5-chloronitrobenzene b₂₀ 106-10掳, n²⁰_D 1.5482, which reduced with Fe as above to 80.5% 3-fluoro-5-chloroaniline, b₁₉ 98掳, 1.5622; N-acetyl derivative m. 116-18掳, chlorinated at 110掳 in AcOH 12 hrs. to 89% 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro derivative, m. 204-5掳, which heated with concentrated H₂SO₄ 5 hrs. gave 92% 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-3-fluoroaniline m. 150掳. Mixing at 20掳 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorofluorobenzene and HNO₃ (d. 1.52) at 20掳 and heating 6 hrs. at 60掳 gave 60% 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-2-fluoronitrobenzene m. 52-2.5掳, which reduced with Fe as above to the corresponding aniline m. 186.5-87掳. Heating 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-fluoronitrobenzene with Fe in AcOH 1 hr. gave 96% 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-fluoroaniline, m. 157-7.5掳. In 2 hrs. at 100掳 with MeNH₂ 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorofluorobenzene gave 93% 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-N-methylaniline, m. 117-18掳; similarly was prepared 98% 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro analog m. 42-4掳; 94% 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro analog m. 54-6掳; 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-3-fluoroaniline similarly gave 85% 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-di-N-methyl-1,3-phenylenediamine m. 68-8.5掳; in 10 hrs. 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-3-fluoroaniline and Me₂NH gave 90% 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1,3-di-N,N-dimethylphenylenediamine b₁, 140-1掳. Similar reactions with MeONa in MeOH in 2 hrs. gave: 91% pentachloroanisole; 95% 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-慰-anisidine; 89% 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-m-anisidine; 93% 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-p-anisidine, while reaction with NaSH in glycol in the presence of pyridine gave in 0.103 hr.: 97% pentachlorothiophenol; 93% 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorothiophenol m. 103-5掳; 72% 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorothiophenol m. 101-2掳; 2,2,4,5-tetrachlorothiophenol m. 91-3掳, from appropriate fluoro analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chloro-3-fluoro-5-nitrobenzene (cas: 4815-64-9Application of 4815-64-9).

1-Chloro-3-fluoro-5-nitrobenzene (cas: 4815-64-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Application of 4815-64-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of 2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzoic acid and its ethyl ester was written by Przytycka, Roza;Malinowski, Stanislaw;Wirecka, Elzbieta. And the article was included in Roczniki Chemii in 1954.Reference of 3438-16-2 This article mentions the following:

Reduction of 2,4-O₂N(Cl)C₆H₃OMe with Fe and HCl gave 71% 2,4-H₂N(Cl)C₆H₃OMe, which treated with NaNO₂ and HCl, and then with Cu₂(CN)₂ gave 82% 2,5-MeO(Cl)C₆H₃CN (I), m. 99-100掳 (from alc.). Heating I in a water-alc. solution of NaOH gave 51% 2,5-MeO(Cl)C₆H₃CO₂H, m. 77-9掳 (from alc.), which heated in an excess of EtOH in the presence of H₂SO₄ gave 58.8% 2,5-MeO(Cl)C₆H₃CO₂Et, m. 98-100掳 (from EtOAc). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2Reference of 3438-16-2).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Reference of 3438-16-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Facile fabrication of ternary MWCNTs/ZnO/Chitosan nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and antibacterial activity was written by Malekkiani, Mitra;Heshmati Jannat Magham, Abbas;Ravari, Fatemeh;Dadmehr, Mehdi. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Name: 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

Developing a cheap, stable and effective photocatalyst is necessary for remediation of persistent organic pollutants. To address this challenge, we proposed a unique interfacial engineering technique and proper bandgap matching strategy to synthesize MWCNTs/ZnO/Chitosan ternary nanocomposite for effective photocatalytic application. The features of the prepared samples were determined by FESEM, TEM, EDX, elemental mapping, AFM, FT-IR, XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy and BET surface anal. The obtained results showed successful fabrication of synthesized nanocomposites with enhanced surface area. Degradation effect of nanostructures on methylene blue (MB) and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) pathogenic strains were investigated. The proposed photocatalytic mechanism illustrated the electron transfer facilitated by MWCNTs/ZnO/Chitosan structure which results in spatial separation of electron-hole pairs. Compared with ZnO and ZnO/Chitosan, the prepared MWCNTs/ZnO/Chitosan ternary nanocomposite showed high usage of UV illumination and superior separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. MWCNTs/ZnO/Chitosan illustrated 86.26% adsorption rate and outstanding increased photocatalytic activity on MB degradation efficiency of 98.76% after 20 min. Stability of photocatalyst reached from 98.76% initial decolorization to 85% at the fourth cycle. In addition, the ternary nanocomposite also exhibited remarkable bactericidal activity against gram-pos. (S.聽aureus) and (B.聽subtilis) and gram-neg. (E.聽coli) bacteria strains. Due to the obtained results, the prepared nanocomposite would be an efficient candidate photocatalyst with antibacterial properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Name: 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Name: 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics