Month: February 2023

A preliminary study on the ecotoxic potency of wastewater treatment plant sludge combining passive sampling and bioassays was written by Ahkola, Heidi;Lindholm-Lehto, Petra;Perkola, Noora;Valitalo, Pia;Merilainen, Paivi;Maenpaa, Kimmo;Stelzer, Julio Alberto Alegre;Heiskanen, Ilse;Jarvisto, Johanna;Nuutinen, Jari;Leppanen, Matti T.. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.Related Products of 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

Sewage sludge is an inevitable byproduct produced in wastewater treatment. Reusing nutrient-rich sludge will diminish the amount of waste ending in soil dumping areas and will promote circular economy. However, during sewage treatment process, several potentially harmful organic chems. are retained in sludge, but proving the safety of processed sludge will promote its more extensive use in agriculture and landscaping. Environmental risk assessment of sludge requires new methods of characterizing its suitability for various circular economy applications. Bioavailable and bioaccessible fractions are key variables indicating leaching, transport, and bioaccumulation capacity. Also, sludge treatments have a significant effect on chem. status and resulting environmental risks. In this study, the concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), Me triclosan (mTCS), and selected active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were determined in different sludge treatments and fractions. Passive samplers were used to characterize the bioavailable and bioaccessible fractions, and the sampler extracts along the sludge and filtrate samples were utilized in the bioassays. The TCS and PAH concentrations did not decrease as the sludge was digested, but the contents diminished after composting. Also, mTCS concentration decreased after composting. The API concentrations were lower in digested sludge than in secondary sludge. Digested sludge was toxic for Aliivibrio fischeri, but after composting, toxicity was not observed However, for Daphnia magna, passive sampler extracts of all sludge treatments were either acutely (immobility) or chronically (reproduction) toxic. Secondary and digested sludge sampler extracts were cytotoxic, and secondary sludge extract was also genotoxic. The measured chem. concentration levels did not explain the toxicity of the samples based on the reported toxicity thresholds. Bioassays and sampler extracts detecting bioavailable and bioaccessible contaminants in sludge are complementing tools for chem. analyses. Harmonization of these methodswill help establish scientifically sound regulative thresholds for the use of sludge in circular economy applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Related Products of 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Related Products of 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium-Catalyzed Thiocarbonylation of Benzyl Chlorides with Sulfonyl Chlorides for the Synthesis of Arylacetyl Thioesters was written by Wang, Wei;Qi, Xinxin;Wu, Xiao-Feng. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2021.Name: 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

A convenient procedure for the synthesis of thioesters RCH₂C(O)SR¹ (R = Ph, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, naphthalen-1-yl, thiophen-3-yl, etc.; R¹ = Ph, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, naphthalen-1-yl, etc.) has been developed via a palladium-catalyzed thiocarbonylation of benzyl chlorides RCH₂Cl with sulfonyl chlorides R¹S(O)₂Cl. Various arylacetyl thioesters were produced in good yields by using sulfonyl chlorides as an odorless sulfur source. Furthermore, W(CO)₆ exhibited dual roles as both a solid CO surrogate and reductant here. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Name: 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Name: 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Determination of Three Endocrine Disruptors in Water Samples by Ultrasound-Assisted Salt-Induced Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (UA-SI-LLME) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) was written by Rozaini, Muhammad Nur’ Hafiz;Saad, Bahruddin;Yahaya, Noorfatimah;Lim, Jun Wei;Mohd Aris, Muhammad Naeim;Ramachandran, Muggundha Raoov. And the article was included in Analytical Letters in 2022.Name: 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

Endocrine-disrupting compounds are routinely detected in environmental water. In this study, a simple and rapid sample preparation method based on ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-SI-LLME) followed by high performance liquid chromatog. – diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the determination of triclosan, triclocarban and methyl-triclosan in water. Parameters that affect the extraction efficiency – such as type and mass of salt, type and volume of extraction solvent, extraction time, sample pH and sample volume – were studied. Under the optimized conditions, the method demonstrated linearity from 0.18 to 1000渭g L-1 with coefficients of determination R2 鈮?0.9899, limits of detection from 0.05 to 0.2渭g L-1, and good recoveries (> 70%) with relative standard deviations < 10%. The method was applied for the determination of triclosan, triclocarban, and methyl-triclosan in swimming pool, lake, and wastewater. The greenness of the method was quantified using the Anal. Eco-Scale Index. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Name: 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Name: 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Polyoxometalate-modified halloysite nanotubes-based thin-film nanocomposite membrane for efficient organic solvent nanofiltration was written by He, Hongru;Xu, Pan;Wang, Daming;Zhou, Hongwei;Chen, Chunhai. And the article was included in Separation and Purification Technology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Trimesoylchloride This article mentions the following:

Polyoxometalate-modified halloysite nanotubes (POM@MHNTs) were synthesized and doped into the polyamide (PA) matrix by interfacial polymerization to prepare doped POM@MHNTs thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). It is worth noting that the methanol flux of the TFN can be efficiently enhanced by tuning the contents of POM@MHNTs. The as-synthesized optimal sample (TFN-0.10) exhibits superior methanol flux of TFN-0.10 membrane of 14.80 L m^-2 h^-1 bar^-1 (1.76 times of that of undoped TFC membrane and 1.12 times of that of doped HNTs membrane (TFN-HNTs-0.10). These are mainly due to the tubular structure of POM@MHNTs providing addnl. solvent transfer channels and the ridge-valley morphol. of the membrane surface increasing the contact area between the membrane and the solvent. Meanwhile, the POM@MHNTs nanohybrids are similarly electrostatically attracted by the amide groups on the polyamide chains produced by interfacial polymerization, improving the compatibility of POM@MHNTs with polyamide membranes. TFN-0.10 OSN membrane showed stable chem. properties in medium polar organic (methanol, ethanol, THF), acid polar organic (acetonitrile), and strong polar organic (DMF) solvents. Prepared TFN OSN membranes exhibited strong long-term operation capability and organic solvent resistance after 80掳C DMF immersion for 7 days with inconspicuous separation performance changes. This work offers the prospect of using organic-inorganic hybrid modified nanomaterials to improve OSN performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Application In Synthesis of Trimesoylchloride).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of Trimesoylchloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and bioactivities of novel piperonylic acid derivatives containing a sulfonic acid ester moiety was written by Xie, Dandan;Hu, Xin;Ren, Xiaoli;Yang, Zaiping. And the article was included in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2022.Related Products of 777-44-6 This article mentions the following:

In order to develop efficient, broad-spectrum and structurally simple agricultural bactericide, the structure of piperonylic acid was modified and a series of novel piperonylic acid derivatives I [R = Ph, 2-naphthyl, benzyl, etc.] containing a sulfonic acid ester moiety was synthesized. Bioassay results indicated the compounds I exhibited significantly antibacterial activities. Among them, compound I [R = phenyl] exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (Psa), with inhibitory value 99 and 85% at 100渭g/mL and 50渭g/mL, resp., which was higher than that of thiodiazole-copper (84 and 77%) and bismerthiazol (96 and 78%). In addition, some compounds also showed moderate insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda. The above mentioned results confirm the broadening of the application of piperonylic acid, with reliable support for the development of novel agrochem. bactericide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Related Products of 777-44-6).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Related Products of 777-44-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sulfonylpiperazines based on a flavone as antioxidant and cytotoxic agents was written by Patel, Rahul V.;Mistry, Bhupendra M.;Syed, Riyaz;Parekh, Nikhil M.;Shin, Han-Seung. And the article was included in Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) in 2019.Name: 2,4-Dimethoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride This article mentions the following:

Chrysin-based sulfonylpiperazines 7a-k were synthesized and investigated for their in vitro free radical scavenging potential as well as cytotoxic efficacies against selected cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity of the new compounds toward noncancer cells was confirmed using the SRB assay against Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells. Reaction of piperazine with different substituted benzenesulfonyl chlorides in triethylamine furnished sulfonylpiperazines (3a-k), which were then allowed to react with 7-(4-bromobutoxy)-5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (6) prepared reacting chrysin with 1,4-dibromobutane to give the final derivatives 7a-k. The results concluded that chrysin-sulfonylpiperazines exerted better antioxidant and anticancer efficacies than previously studied chrysin-piperazine precursors. For example, compounds 7h, 7j, and 7k with 4-OCF₃, 4-OCH₃, and 2,4-diOCH₃ groups exhibited the best antioxidant potential against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals. Moreover, halogenated analogs (7b, 7c, 7g, and 7h) demonstrated promising anticancer potential against SK-OV3, HeLa, and HT-29 cell lines, whereas those bearing a methoxy functional group (7j and 7k) had beneficial effects against the cell lines A-549 and HT-29. Thus, it can be confirmed from the bioassay results that the overall structural design as well as proper substitution is crucial to deliver the anticipated biol. effects. Spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass and elemental anal. (CHN) were carried out to confirm the final structures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dimethoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 63624-28-2Name: 2,4-Dimethoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride).

2,4-Dimethoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 63624-28-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Name: 2,4-Dimethoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Petroleum hydrocarbon fingerprints of water and sediment samples of Buffalo River Estuary in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa was written by Adeniji, A. O.;Okoh, O. O.;Okoh, A. I.. And the article was included in Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry in 2017.Safety of 1-Chlorooctadecane This article mentions the following:

Petroleum hydrocarbon status of the Buffalo River Estuary in East London, South Africa, was evaluated from Jan. to May, 2016. Surface water and sediment samples were collected from five points in the estuary and extracted using standard methods. The extracts were subsequently analyzed by gas chromatog.-flame ionization detection. Results showed that total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) varied from 7.65 to 477 渭g/L in the water and 12.59 to 1,100 mg/kg in the sediments, with mean values of 146.50 卤 27.96 渭g/L and 209.81 卤 63.82 mg/kg, resp. Concentrations of TPH in the sediments correlated significantly with organic carbon (OC) in both seasons. TPH and OC levels were sligthly lower in summer than in autumn in the two environmental matrixes, and the average amount of TPH in the water samples collected from all the sampling stations was generally lower than the EU standard limit of 300 渭g/L. However, the levels in the sediments exceeded the EGASPIN target value (50 mg/kg) for mineral oil but were below the intervention value (5,000 mg/kg), indicating a serious impact of industrial growth and urbanization on the area, although the n-alkane ratios and indexes used for source tracking revealed excessive flow from both natural and anthropogenic sources. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2Safety of 1-Chlorooctadecane).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Safety of 1-Chlorooctadecane

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rare Medium-Sized Rings Prepared via Hydrolytic Imidazoline Ring Expansion (HIRE) was written by Osipyan, Angelina;Sapegin, Alexander;Novikov, Alexander S.;Krasavin, Mikhail. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2018.Quality Control of Methyl 6-chloro-5-nitronicotinate This article mentions the following:

The hydrolytic imidazoline ring expansion (HIRE) methodol. was extended to readily available tetracyclic [1,4]thiazepines as well as sulfoxide and sulfone analogs thereof. The reactions resulted in the facile formation of a rare medium-sized [1,4,7]thiazecine ring system that has an emerging utility in bioactive compound design. Comparing the HIRE rates for representative compounds in the three groups of substrates allowed drawing some generalizations about the substituent effects on the course of the reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 6-chloro-5-nitronicotinate (cas: 59237-53-5Quality Control of Methyl 6-chloro-5-nitronicotinate).

Methyl 6-chloro-5-nitronicotinate (cas: 59237-53-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Quality Control of Methyl 6-chloro-5-nitronicotinate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The effects of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on the production of secondary metabolites in organ culture of Ziziphora persica was written by Zare-Hassani, Elham;Motafakkerazad, Rouhollah;Razeghi, Jafar;Kosari-Nasab, Morteza. And the article was included in Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture in 2019.COA of Formula: C18H37Cl This article mentions the following:

Ziziphora persica (Lamiaceae) has been used as infusions and decoctions in traditional medicine for various purposes such as sedative, carminative, and stomach pain. In the proliferation stage of shoot culture, MS medium was treated with different concentrations of Me jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA) (50, 100 and 150渭M) either individually or in combination with various concentrations (25渭M SA + 25渭M MJ, 25渭M SA + 50渭M MJ, 50渭M SA + 25渭M MJ, 50渭M SA + 50渭M MJ). In the present study, we investigated the quant. changes in pigments, growth parameters, and volatile compounds in the shoot culture of nodal segments. Volatile compounds were extracted and subsequently analyzed using GC-mass spectrometry. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a and carotenoids were detected in SA₂₅ + MJ₂₅ treatment, whereas chlorophyll b was highly found in the control treatment. Besides, significant amounts of detected volatile compounds belonged to alkane hydrocarbons, whereas mono and sesquiterpenes were found in low amounts In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2COA of Formula: C18H37Cl).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.COA of Formula: C18H37Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Control of ER-positive breast cancer by ER伪 expression inhibition, apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest using semisynthetic isoeugenol derivatives was written by Nafie, Mohamed S.;Elghazawy, Nehal H.;Owf, Salma M.;Arafa, Kholoud;Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed A.;Arafa, Reem K.. And the article was included in Chemico-Biological Interactions in 2022.Name: 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

New semi-synthetic effective and safe anticancer agents isoeugenol derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and screened for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7. Moreover, their selective cytotoxicity was assessed against MCF-10A. Three derivatives, 2, 8 and 10 were significantly more active than the reference drug 5-FU with IC50 values of 6.59, 8.07 and 9.63 and 30.93 渭M, resp. Also interestingly, these derivatives demonstrated some degree of selectivity to cancer cells over normal cells. Furthermore, derivative 2 was subjected to other in vitro experiments against MCF-7 where it inhibited colony formation by 87.5% and lowered ER伪 concentration to 395.7 pg/mL compared to 1129 pg/mL in untreated control cells. In continuation of the investigation, the apoptotic activity of compound 2, was assessed where it significantly enhanced total apoptotic cell death by 9.16-fold (18.70% compared to 1.64% for the untreated MCF-7 control cells) and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the mol. mechanism of apoptotic activity was investigated at both the gene (RT-PCR) and protein (western plotting) levels where upregulation of pro-apoptotic and down regulation of anti-apoptotic genes was detected. Addnl., compound 2 treatment enhanced the antioxidant (GSH, CAT, SOD) activities. Finally, in vivo experiments verified the effective anticancer activity of compound 2 through inhibition of tumor proliferation by 47.6% compared to 22.9% for 5-FU and amelioration of the hematol., biochem., and histopathol. examinations near normal. In effect, compound 2 can be viewed as a promising semi-synthetic derivative of isoeugenol with some degree of selectivity for management of breast cancer through apoptotic induction and ER伪 downregulation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Name: 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Name: 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics