Month: February 2023

Synthesis and Photoluminescent Properties of 2-(3-Carboxymethylindazol-1-yl)anilines was written by Shetnev, A. A.;Panova, V. A.;Kutuzova, P. M.;Tarasenko, M. V.;Zhmykhova, M. V.;Baykov, S. V.;Filimonov, S. I.. And the article was included in Russian Journal of General Chemistry in 2021.Product Details of 16588-16-2 This article mentions the following:

A two-stage method for the preparation of 2-(3-carboxymethylindazol-1-yl)anilines using the N-arylation reaction of 3-carboxymethylindazoles with o-nitrohaloarenes and subsequent reduction of nitro-containing intermediates with tin(II) chloride was developed. The exptl. results showed that the use of the synthesized compounds as fluorophores in the visible region of the spectrum is promising. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Product Details of 16588-16-2).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Product Details of 16588-16-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

High adsorption capacity of phenol and methylene blue using activated carbon derived from lignocellulosic agriculture wastes was written by El-Bery, Haitham M.;Saleh, Moushira;El-Gendy, Reem A.;Saleh, Mahmoud R.;Thabet, Safinaz M.. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

The resources of clean water worldwide are very limited, and climate change is already affecting the available supplies. Therefore, developing a low-cost, highly efficient, and recyclable adsorbent to upgrade water quality has become an essential task. Herein, we report the fabrication of activated carbon (AC) adsorbents derived from lignocellulosic wastes. Both phys. and chem. activation were investigated to modify the surface texture properties. The results indicated that increasing the activation temperature, whether phys. or chem., increases the sp. surface area (SBET). On the contrary, increasing the amount of the chem. activating agent significantly decreases the SBET values. The SBET of 1771, 2120, and 2490 m² g^-1 were obtained for water vapor, K₂CO₃ and KOH, at activation temperatures of 950掳C, 800掳C, and 800掳C, resp. Methylene blue (MB) and phenol were used as adsorbates for the adsorption experiment Adsorption of methylene blue dye revealed the ability of the water activated carbon to remove more than 95% of the dye (100 ppm) within 5 min with an adsorption capacity of 148.8 mg g^-1. For phenol adsorption, Several parameters were investigated, including initial concentration (50-250 ppm), pH (2-10), contact time (5-60 min), and temperature (25-45掳C). The highest adsorption capacity of phenol achieved was 158.9 mg g^-1. The kinetics of adsorption of phenol was better described by pseudo-second-order reaction while the isotherm process using Langmuir model. This study presents a roadmap for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass waste into highly efficient porous carbon adsorbents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of the EpiOcular eye irritation test for hazard identification and labelling of eye irritating chemicals in response to the requirements of the EU cosmetics directive and REACH legislation was written by Kaluzhny, Yulia;Kandarova, Helena;Hayden, Patrick;Kubilus, Joseph;d’Argembeau-Thornton, Laurence;Klausner, Mitchell. And the article was included in ATLA, Alternatives to Laboratory Animals in 2011.Quality Control of Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate This article mentions the following:

The recently implemented 7th Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive and the EU REACH legislation have heightened the need for in vitro ocular test methods. To address this need, the EpiOcular eye irritation test (EpiOcular-EIT), which utilizes the normal (non-transformed) human cell-based EpiOcular tissue model, has been developed. The EpiOcular-EIT prediction model is based on an initial training set of 39 liquid and 21 solid test substances and uses a single exposure period and a single cut-off in tissue viability, as determined by the MTT assay. A chem. is classified as an irritant (GHS Category 1 or 2), if the tissue viability is 鈮?60%, and as a non-irritant (GHS unclassified), if the viability is > 60%. EpiOcular-EIT results for the training set, along with results for an addnl. 52 substances, which included a range of alcs., hydrocarbons, amines, esters, and ketones, discriminated between ocular irritants and non-irritants with 98.1% sensitivity, 72.9% specificity, and 84.8% accuracy. To ensure the long-term com. viability of the assay, EpiOcular tissues produced by using three alternative cell culture inserts were evaluated in the EpiOcular-EIT with 94 chems. The assay results obtained with the initial insert and the three alternative inserts were very similar, as judged by correlation coefficients (r²) that ranged from 0.82 to 0.96. The EpiOcular-EIT was pre-validated in 2007/2008, and is currently involved in a formal, multi-laboratory validation study sponsored by the European Cosmetics Association (COLIPA) under the auspices of the European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). The EpiOcular-EIT, together with EpiOcular’s long history of reproducibility and proven utility for ultra-mildness testing, make EpiOcular a useful model for addressing current legislation related to animal use in the testing of potential ocular irritants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate (cas: 96568-04-6Quality Control of Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate).

Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate (cas: 96568-04-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Quality Control of Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The organocatalytic enantiodivergent fluorination of 尾-ketodiaryl-phosphine oxides for the construction of carbon-fluorine quaternary stereocenters was written by Xie, Shaolei;He, Zhi-Juan;Zhang, Ling-Hui;Huang, Bo-Lun;Chen, Xiao-Wei;Zhan, Zong-Song;Zhang, Fu-Min. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2021.Synthetic Route of C9H9ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Com. available cinchona alkaloids that can catalyze the enantiodivergent fluorination of 尾-ketodiarylphosphine oxides were developed to construct carbon-fluorine quaternary stereocenters. This protocol features a wide scope of substrates and excellent enantioselectivities, and it is scalable. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0Synthetic Route of C9H9ClO2).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Synthetic Route of C9H9ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kinetic study on methylene blue removal from aqueous solution using UV/chlorine process and its combination with other advanced oxidation processes was written by Hoang, Nguyen Tien;Manh, Tran Duc;Nguyen, Vo Thang;Thy Nga, Nguyen Thi;Mwazighe, Fredrick M.;Nhi, Bui D.;Hoang, Hien Y.;Chang, S. Woong;Chung, W. Jin;Nguyen, D. Duc. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.Quality Control of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

This study investigated the kinetic degradation of methylene blue (MB) by a UV/chlorine process and its combination with other advanced oxidation processes. The 鈥H and reactive chlorine species (RCS: Cl鈥? ClO鈥? etc.) were the primary reactive species, which accounted for 56.7% and 37.6% of MB degradation at pH 7, resp. The second-order rate constant of Cl鈥?towards MB was calculated to be 2.8 x 109 M^-1 s^-1. When the pH increased from 3 to 7, kMB by 鈥H increased from 0.15 to 0.21 min^-1 before being reduced to 0.11 min^-1 at pH 11. kMB by RCS continuously reduced from 0.16 to 0.13 min^-1 when the pH was increased to 11. Humic acid (HA), Br^–, and Cl^– inhibited the degradation with kMB in the order: kMB (in HA) < kMB (in Br^–) < kMB (in Cl^–). HCO^–₃ increased kMB from 0.37 to 0.48 min^-1. The exptl. and modeling methods fit well, indicating the effectiveness of using Kintecus in predicting concentrations of free radicals in complex water matrixes. TOC removal was achieved at 60% after 30 min in a control process and it was strongly inhibited by the presence of HA, with 22% removal achieved at 5 mgc L^-1 HA. UV/chlorine/electrochem. oxidation (UV/chlorine/EO) significantly improves kMB from 0.37 to 0.94 min^-1 at a high current (240 mA), while UV/chlorine/H₂O₂ decreased kMB at a low concentration of 0.01 mM H₂O₂ (kMB decreased by 6.1%). The results indicate that the energy cost for UV irradiation was the main cost in MB treatment in both UV/chlorine and UV/persulfate (UV/PS) processes, accounting for 91% and 84%, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Quality Control of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Quality Control of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Copper (II) immobilized on magnetically separable L-arginine-尾-cyclodextrin ligand system as a robust and green catalyst for direct oxidation of primary alcohols and benzyl halides to acids in neat conditions was written by Nejad, Masoumeh Jadidi;Salamatmanesh, Arefe;Heydari, Akbar. And the article was included in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry in 2020.Computed Properties of C8H9Cl This article mentions the following:

Copper (II) immobilized on L-arginine-尾-cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (nano-Fe₃O₄@L-arginine-CD-Cu(II)) were successfully synthesized and fully characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, ICP, TGA and VSM techniques. The catalytic activity of these magnetically retrievable nanoparticles was evaluated in the direct oxidation of primary alcs. and benzyl halides to acids in neat conditions that was observed to proceed well and products were obtained in good yields. In addition to showing good catalytic activity, the magnetic catalyst is easy to synthesize and could be recycled at least five times with little loss in activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Computed Properties of C8H9Cl).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Computed Properties of C8H9Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles by Electroreductive Heterocyclization of 1-(2-nitroaryl)pyridinium Chlorides was written by Sokolov, Aleksandr A.;Syroeshkin, Mikhail A.;Begunov, Roman S.;Rusakova, Nadezhda N.;Gultyai, Vadim P.. And the article was included in Mendeleev Communications in 2012.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate This article mentions the following:

The electrochem. reduction of N-(2-nitro-4-R-phenyl)pyridinium chlorides (R = CF₃, CN, CO₂Et) at a lead cathode in HCl/iPrOH/H₂O affords the corresponding 7-R-pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles in 70-94% yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Homolytic displacement at carbon centers. XII. Regiospecific formation of N-allyl and N-cyclopropylcarbinyl sulfonamides and of allyl and cyclopropyl halides in the reaction of N-halo compounds with organocobaloximes was written by Johnson, Michael D.;Lampman, Gary M.;Koops, Roger W.;Das Gupta, B.. And the article was included in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry in 1987.Quality Control of 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide This article mentions the following:

Reaction of RCo(dmgH)₂py [I, dmgH = dimethylglyoximato; R = R¹CR²:CHCH₂, H₂C:CR¹(CH₂)₂; R¹ = H, Me; R² = H, Me, Ph] with R³SO₂NMeCl (II, R³ = Me, Ph) gave R⁴CR¹R²CH:CH₂ (III) and cyclopropanes IV (R⁴ = R³SO₂NMe, Cl), resp., by attack of an N-centered radical on the terminal unsaturated carbon of I. Reaction of I [R = R¹CH:CHCH₂, H₂C:CR¹(CH₂)₂; R¹ = H, Me] with AcNHBr, NBS, N-chlorosuccinimide, and N-chlorosaccharin gave III and IV (R⁴ = Br, Cl) by attack of a halogen-containing free radical on the terminal unsaturated carbon of I. Bromination of Me(CH₂)₅CH:CH₂ with AcNHBr in the presence of 0.3 mol % I (R = MeCHEt) gave BrCH₂CHBr(CH₂)₅Me in 92% yield after 1 h. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0Quality Control of 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Quality Control of 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Novel Benzoxazin-3-one Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, Anti-HIV-1 and Integrase Inhibitory Assay was written by Safakish, Mahdieh;Hajimahdi, Zahra;Vahabpour, Rouhollah;Zabihollahi, Rezvan;Zarghi, Afshin. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry (Sharjah, United Arab Emirates) in 2020.Safety of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

Integrase is a validated drug target for anti-HIV-1 therapy. The second generation integrase inhibitors display 蟺-stacking interaction ability with 3′-end nucleotide as a streamlined metal chelating pharmacophore. In this study, we introduced benzoxazin-3-one scaffold for integrase inhibitory potential as bioisostere replacement strategy of 2-benzoxazolinone. Mol. modeling studies revealed that amide functionality alongside oxadiazole heteroatoms and sulfur in the second position of oxadiazole ring could mimic the metal chelating pharmacophore. The halobenzyl ring occupies hydrophobic site created by the cytidylate nucleotide (DC-16). The most potent and selective compound displayed 110渭M IC₅₀ with a selectivity index of more than 2. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Safety of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Safety of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Inhibition of biofilm formation by amphiphilic star polymer coatings was written by Totani, Masayasu;Lan, Xiuwan;Wu, Jianfeng;Xi, Chuanwu;Kuroda, Kenichi;Ando, Tsuyoshi;Terada, Kayo;Hirohara, Shiho;Tanihara, Masao. And the article was included in PMSE Preprints in 2012.Synthetic Route of C9H9ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Bacterial infections related to medical implants are a significant problem, causing serious complications after surgery and may lead to implant failure. These infections are associated with adhesion of bacteria to and colonization on implant surfaces, resulting in biofilm formations. Hydrophilic surfaces as a result of polymer coatings have shown potential in preventing biofilm formation. To that end, we have demonstrated a new strategy to prepare implant surfaces with a high d. of hydrophilic polymers utilizing star polymer architectures. The synthesis of these star polymers contain both hydrophilic [poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)] and hydrophobic [poly(Me methacrylate)] arms will be described. Addnl., results of the anti-biofilm activity against Escherichia coli by these polymer coatings will be presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate (cas: 7476-66-6Synthetic Route of C9H9ClO2).

Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate (cas: 7476-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Synthetic Route of C9H9ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics