Month: January 2023

Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Evaluation of New Sonogashira-Modified Emivirine (MKC-442) Analogues was written by Danel, Krzysztof;Joergensen, Per T.;Pedersen, Erik B.;La Colla, Paolo;Collu, Gabriella;Loddo, Roberta. And the article was included in Helvetica Chimica Acta in 2009.Name: 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene This article mentions the following:

The MKC-442 analog 6-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-5-ethyluracil substituted with a (propargyloxy)methyl group at N(1) has previously been found highly active against HIV-1. The CC bond in the substituent at N(1) is here utilized in a series of chem. reactions in order to develop new agents with higher activity against HIV-1-resistant mutants. The syntheses involved Pd-catalyzed C,C-coupling reactions, addition of disulfides, and click chem. on the terminal CC bond as well as addition of bromine to the so formed internal CC bonds. Sonogashira couplings were performed with silyl-derivatized iodobenzyl alcs. which, after deprotection, were oxidized to aldehydes by means of IBX. The isomeric alc. I was obtained in the Sonogashira reaction of propargyl alc. with the N(1)-substituted (4-iodobenzyloxy)methyl derivative of the above mentioned uracil. Compound I turned out to be the most effective compound against problematic HIV-1 mutants. The general observation in the present work is that a combination of alkyne and aryl in the substituent at N(1) leads to highly active compounds against HIV-1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4Name: 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene).

2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Name: 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

From High-Throughput Screening to Target Validation: Benzo[d]isothiazoles as Potent and Selective Agonists of Human Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 5 Possessing In Vivo Gastrointestinal Prokinetic Activity in Rodents was written by Barilli, Alessio;Aldegheri, Laura;Bianchi, Federica;Brault, Laurent;Brodbeck, Daniela;Castelletti, Laura;Feriani, Aldo;Lingard, Iain;Myers, Richard;Nola, Selena;Piccoli, Laura;Pompilio, Daniela;Raveglia, Luca F.;Salvagno, Cristian;Tassini, Sabrina;Virginio, Caterina;Sabat, Mark. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Application of 76-83-5 This article mentions the following:

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5) is a nonselective monovalent cation channel activated by intracellular Ca²⁺ increase. Within the gastrointestinal system, TRPM5 is expressed in the stoma, small intestine, and colon. In the search for a selective agonist of TRPM5 possessing in vivo gastrointestinal prokinetic activity, a high-throughput screening was performed and compound 1 was identified as a promising hit. Hit validation and hit to lead activities led to the discovery of a series of benzo[d]isothiazole derivatives Among these, compounds 61 and 64 showed nanomolar activity and excellent selectivity (>100-fold) vs. related cation channels. The in vivo drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic profile of compound 64 was found to be ideal for a compound acting locally at the intestinal level, with minimal absorption into systemic circulation. Compound 64 was tested in vivo in a mouse motility assay at 100 mg/kg, and demonstrated increased prokinetic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Application of 76-83-5).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Application of 76-83-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Analogs of capsaicin with agonist activity as novel analgesic agents; structure-activity studies. 1. The aromatic “A-region” was written by Walpole, Christopher S. J.;Wrigglesworth, Roger;Bevan, Stuart;Campbell, Elizabeth A.;Dray, Andy;James, Iain F.;Perkins, Martin N.;Reid, Derek J.;Winter, Janet. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1993.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A series of analogs of capsaicin, the pungent principle of chili peppers, was synthesized and tested in assays for capsaicin-like agonism in vitro. The results of these assays were compared with activities in an acute nociceptive model and a correlation was observed which established that the results of these in vitro assays were predictive of analgesia. Using a modular approach the structure-activity profile of specific regions of capsaicin congeners was established using an in vitro assay measuring ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ uptake into neonatal rat dorsal root ganglia neurons. RCH₂NHCO(CH₂)₇Me (I) and RCH₂CONH(CH₂)₇Me (II) (R = substituted Ph) were prepared to test the requirements for activity in the aromatic A-region of the mol. Compounds with the natural substitution pattern, i.e., I and II [R = 3,4-MeO(HO)C₆H₃] and the corresponding catechols I and II [R = 3,4 (HO)₂C₆H₃] were the most potent, although the catechols were less potent in vivo. Other substitution patterns have reduced activity. These results have established stringent structural requirements for capsaicin-like activity in this part of the mol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Monomethylthio analogs of 1-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane was written by Jacob, Peyton III;Anderson, George III;Meshul, Charles K.;Shulgin, Alexander T.;Castagnoli, Neal Jr.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1977.Product Details of 63624-28-2 This article mentions the following:

Title analogs 1-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-methylthiophenyl)- (I) [69587-04-8], 1-(2,4-dimethoxy-5-methylthiophenyl)- (II) [69587-03-7], and 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylthiophenyl)-2-aminopropane-HCl (III) [61638-08-2] were prepared from the appropriate dimethoxybenzenes by chlorosulfonation or sulfation followed by reduction to the thiophenol derivative, S-methylation, Vilsmeier formylation, condensation with nitroethane [79-24-3], and reduction Only III had significant activity in the rabbit hyperthermia assay. Time-concentration studies of the analogs as well as differences in enantiomeric ratios in rat brains following i.p. administration of each analog racemate were carried out. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dimethoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 63624-28-2Product Details of 63624-28-2).

2,4-Dimethoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 63624-28-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Product Details of 63624-28-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

(Dicyclopentadiene) platinum(II) dichloride: An efficient catalyst for the hydrosilylation reaction between alkenes and triethoxysilane was written by Wu, Huarui;Zheng, Chaoyue;Chen, Naiwu;Zhu, Jie;Gao, Deqing. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2017.Recommanded Product: 12083-92-0 This article mentions the following:

(Dicyclopentadiene) Pt(II) dichloride is an efficient hydrosilylation catalyst (homogeneous) upon a wide variety of functionalized alkenes and alkenes terminated with chem. moieties (di-Ph amino-, N-carbazol- and N-isoindoline-1,3-dione-). It is noteworthy that the hydrosilylation of aminated alkenes with triethoxysilane exhibited a yield of over 70% and a selectivity (γ-isomer/β-isomer) of >3/1. Due to steric hindrance (lowering Markovnikov probability), the alkenes with big terminal moieties (di-Ph amino-, N-carbazol- and N-isoindoline-1,3-dione-) presented the highest ratio of anti-Markovnikov isomers. A strategy for the hydrosilylation of a protected diamino chelating alkene was developed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0Recommanded Product: 12083-92-0).

Dichlorodi(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)platinate(II) (cas: 12083-92-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Recommanded Product: 12083-92-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kinetic and mechanistic investigation of N-chlorosaccharin oxidation of 2-alkanones was written by Khan, Shahnaz;Khan, M. U.;Singh, Sanjay Kumar;Gupta, H. D.;Singh, P. K.. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Chemistry in 2003.Recommanded Product: 14070-51-0 This article mentions the following:

N-Chlorosaccharin (NCSA) oxidation of 2-alkanones is studied in aqueous acetic acid and perchloric acid medium. The reactions exhibit first order dependence in oxidant [NCSA]. The order of the reactions with respect to substrate and perchloric acid varies from one to zero. The reaction velocity retards by the addition of saccharin and rising percentage of binary mixture of acetic acid and water whereas primary salt shows slightly increasing trends in kinetic rate. The stoichiometric studies revealed 1:2 mol ratio with complex mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0Recommanded Product: 14070-51-0).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Recommanded Product: 14070-51-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Occurrence, source apportionment and potential risks of selected PPCPs in groundwater used as a source of drinking water from key urban-rural settings of Pakistan was written by Khan, Hudda Khaleeq;Rehman, Muhammad Yasir Abdur;Junaid, Muhammad;Lv, Ming;Yue, Linxia;Haq, Ihsan-ul;Xu, Nan;Malik, Riffat Naseem. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea This article mentions the following:

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging contaminants that have been extensively used in present time to improve the living standards Their persistence in water resources due to various anthropogenic sources such as wastewater treatment plants, pharmaceutical industries, and runoff from agricultural and livestock farms has not only threaten aquatic life but their occurrence in groundwater has also raised concerns related to humans�wellbeing. Considering this as a neglected area of research in Pakistan, a systematic monitoring study was designed to investigate their occurrence, sources, and potential environmental and human health risks in groundwater from urban-rural areas of six cities. Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatog.-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the collected samples preceded by solid-phase extraction Overall, 8 out of 11 selected PPCPs were detected in groundwater samples with detection frequency ranging from 5.5-65%. Their concentrations ranged from below limit of detection (<LOD) to 1961 ng/L. The overall mean concentrations of detected PPCPs were found below 100 ng/L. The highest mean concentration was reported for Ibuprofen (154 ng/L) in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Results of PCA-MLR revealed that domestic wastewater discharge (76.4%) was the dominant source contributing to PPCPs contamination in groundwater. Followed by mixed source (pharmaceutical & hospital waste) 17.8%, and rural discharge/animal husbandry 5.8%. No appreciable risk to human health upon exposure to detected PPCPs via drinking water was anticipated. However, environmental risk assessment indicated moderate risk posed to P. subcapitata (RQ = 0.98) and D. magna (RQ = 0.2) by ibuprofen. The current study reports the first evidence of PPCPs occurrence in groundwater in Pakistan. Reporting their occurrence in groundwater is a fundamental initial step to inform public-health decisions concerning sewage systems and drinking water quality. Hence, comprehensive monitoring programs are required to further investigate contamination of emerging contaminants in groundwater and their associated risks. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sustainable and highly controlled aryl couplings revealed by systematic assessment of photoactivatable linkers was written by Haensch, Veit G.;Neuwirth, Toni;Bergner, Alexander;Bruhnke, Jakob;Kloss, Florian;Hertweck, Christian. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2022.COA of Formula: C19H15Cl This article mentions the following:

A metal-free, photochem. alternative (“photosplicing”) for the selective preparation of a wide range of pharmaceutically important biphenyls was reported. Whereas the traceless sulfonamide linker enabled and controls the aryl coupling, unwanted toxic byproducts were released. Therefore, it designed over 25 different temporary linkers and tested them for their suitability for the photosplicing reaction in a flow reactor. A surprisingly high number of functional groups enabled light-induced aryl fusion and identified a number of linkers for environmentally friendly procedures. A thiol-ene (click) – photosplicing sequence enabled a convenient route to biaryls such as liquid crystals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5COA of Formula: C19H15Cl).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.COA of Formula: C19H15Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Syntheses of halogenated methoxybenzophenone derivatives and their cytoprotective activities against H₂O₂-induced injury in HUVECs was written by Zhang, Yuanlin;Feng, Xiue;Gao, Jie;Li, Qingshan. And the article was included in Huaxue Tongbao in 2014.Related Products of 3438-16-2 This article mentions the following:

Twelve kinds of halogenated methoxybenzophenone derivatives were designed and synthesized using methoxy and halogen substituted benzoic acids as starting materials through acylation of carboxylic acid, Friedel-Crafts acylation and halogenation reaction in turn, and their structures were confirmed by ESI-MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. Their protective activities against H₂O₂-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) were investigated to explore the structure-activity relationships. The results showed that the compounds I and II exhibited high cytoprotective activities at 12.5 μmol/L, the protective rates were over 50%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2Related Products of 3438-16-2).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Related Products of 3438-16-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Post-treatment of real municipal wastewater effluents by means of granular activated carbon (GAC) based catalytic processes: A focus on abatement of pharmaceutically active compounds was written by Rueda-Marquez, Juan Jose;Moreno-Andres, Javier;Rey, Ana;Corada-Fernandez, Carmen;Mikola, Anna;Manzano, Manuel A.;Levchuk, Irina. And the article was included in Water Research in 2021.Reference of 101-20-2 This article mentions the following:

Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) widely present in urban wastewater effluents pose a threat to ecosystems in the receiving aquatic environment. In this work, efficiency of granular activated carbon (GAC) – based catalytic processes, namely catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO), peroxymonosulfate oxidation (PMS/GAC) and peroxydisulfate oxidation (PDS/GAC) at ambient temperature and pressure were studied for removal of 22 PhACs (ng L^-1 level) that were present in secondary effluents of real urban wastewater. Concentrations of PhACs were measured using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatog. – Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). Catalytic experiments were conducted in discontinuous mode using up-flow fixed bed reactors with granular activated carbon (GAC) as a catalyst. The catalyst was characterized by means of N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), elemental anal., X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (WDXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetry and differential temperature analyses coupled mass spectrometry (TGA-DTA-MS). Results indicate that the highest efficiency in terms of TOC removal was achieved during CWPO performed at optimal operational conditions (stoichiometric dose of H₂O₂; TOC removal _~82%) followed by PMS/GAC (initial PMS concentration 100 mg L^-1; TOC removal _~73.7%) and PDS/GAC (initial PDS concentration 100 mg L^-1; TOC removal _~67.9%) after 5 min of contact time. Full consumption of oxidants was observed in all cases for CWPO and PDS/GAC at contact times of 2.5 min, while for PMS/GAC it was 1.5 min. In general, for 18 out of 22 target PhACs, very high removal efficiencies (> 92%) were achieved in all tested processes (including adsorption) performed at optimal operational conditions during 5 min of contact time. However, moderate (40 – 70%) and poor (< 40%) removal efficiencies were achieved for salicylic acid, ofloxacin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, which can be possibly attributed to insufficient contact time. Despite high efficiency of all studied processes for PhACs elimination from urban wastewater effluent, CWPO seems to be more promising for continuous operation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Reference of 101-20-2).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Reference of 101-20-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics