Month: January 2023

Novel and Selective Calcitonin-Inducing Agents was written by Gilbert, Adam M.;Caltabiano, Stephen;Roberts, Denise;Sum, Sam F. W.;Francisco, Gerardo D.;Lim, Kitae;Asselin, Magda;Ellingboe, John W.;Kharode, Yogendra;Cannistraci, Anna;Francis, Rita;TrailSmith, Mark;Gralnick, David. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2000.Quality Control of 4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride This article mentions the following:

A series of xanthine sulfonamides is presented as a class of calcitonin (CT) inducers – a potentially new method for treating diseases associated with postmenopausal bone loss such as osteoporosis. We have found that certain di-n-butylxanthine sulfonamides upregulate CT transcription in a CT-luciferase reporter gene assay (CT-luci) and increase the production and release of CT in a CT secretion/RIA assay (CTS). In addition, these compounds do not have potent PDE4 inhibitory activity as do the related xanthine methylene ketones such as denbufyllene. One compound in particular (I) shows a transcription activation ratio (TAR) of 2.1 in CT-luci, a CTS increase of 3.6-fold, and a PDE4 (phosphodiesterase type IV) IC₅₀ = 4.1 μM. In addition, this compound showed a statistically significant 47% trabecular bone protection in ovariectomized-induced osteopenia (OVX) rats as determined by assay when administered for 4 wk at 30 mg/kg/day, i.p. by quant. computed tomog. (QCT). When administered p.o., compound I shows 50% trabecular bone protection when administered for 3 wk at 50 mg/kg/day, i.p. This compared with salmon CT which shows 62% trabecular bone protection when administered at 50 IU/kg/day for 4 wk. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3Quality Control of 4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride).

4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Quality Control of 4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Arylsulfonic acid derivatives. XIII. Synthesis and biological activity of mono- and bis-β-chloroethylsulfonamides was written by Grigoryan, L. A.;Kaldrikyan, M. A.;Paronikyan, G. M.;Akopyan, L. G.. And the article was included in Armyanskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal in 1983.Computed Properties of C10H13ClO3S This article mentions the following:

p-ROC₆H₄SO₂Cl (R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, Me₂CHCH₂) reacted with ethylenimine in MeOH and with (ClCH₂CH₂)₂NH.HCl in refluxing pyridine to give 10 p-ROC₆H₄SO₂NR¹CH₂CH₂Cl [I; R¹ = H (II), CH₂CH₂Cl, resp.] in 65-76% yield. Treating II with CH₂:CHCN in aqueous Et₃N gave 5 I (R¹ = CH₂CH₂CN) in 65-72% yield. II (R = Et) reacted with NaNO₂ in dilute AcOH to give 62.5% I (R = Et, R¹ = NO). II had mutagenic activity, but none of the products had significant antitumor or hypoglycemic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3Computed Properties of C10H13ClO3S).

4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Computed Properties of C10H13ClO3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and antidiabetic activity of N’-[3-(alkyl/aryl substituted)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidinylidene]-2-(2-pyrazinyloxy)acetohydrazide was written by Verma, Prabhakar;Kamboj, Vipan. And the article was included in Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia in 2010.Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS This article mentions the following:

2-(2-Pyrazinyloxy)acetic acid 2-(3-alkyl-4-oxo-2-thiazolidinylidene)hydrazide and 2-(2-pyrazinyloxy)acetic acid 2-(3-aryl-4-oxo-2-thiazolidinylidene)hydrazide derivatives were designed for a study of their biol. activity, the synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using 2(1H)-pyrazinone, chloroacetic acid Et ester and isothiocyanates as starting materials and the products thus obtained were confirmed by m.p., TLC, UV, IR, NMR. The title compounds were evaluated in a dexamethasone-induced hyperglycemia model and hyperinsulinemia model and it was discovered that these compounds displayed activity as antidiabetic agents with reduced toxicity in comparison with rosiglitazone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structural and Thermodynamic Model for the Activation of Cardiac Troponin was written by Poppe, Leszek;Hartman, James J.;Romero, Antonio;Reagan, Jeffrey D.. And the article was included in Biochemistry in 2022.SDS of cas: 76-83-5 This article mentions the following:

Cardiac troponin is a regulatory protein complex located on the sarcomere that regulates the engagement of myosin on actin filaments. Low-mol. weight modulators of troponin that bind allosterically with the calcium ion have the potential to improve cardiac contractility in patients with reduced cardiac function. Here we propose an approach to the rational design of troponin modulators through the combined use of solution NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry methods. In contrast to traditional approaches limited to calcium and activator-bound troponin structures, here we analyzed the structural and thermodn. impact of an activator in the context of the troponin functional cycle. This led us to propose a rationale for developing an efficacious troponin activator. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5SDS of cas: 76-83-5).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.SDS of cas: 76-83-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Optimisation of the Anti-Trypanosoma brucei Activity of the Opioid Agonist U50488 was written by Smith, Victoria C.;Cleghorn, Laura A. T.;Woodland, Andrew;Spinks, Daniel;Hallyburton, Irene;Collie, Iain T.;Mok, N. Yi;Norval, Suzanne;Brenk, Ruth;Fairlamb, Alan H.;Frearson, Julie A.;Read, Kevin D.;Gilbert, Ian H.;Wyatt, Paul G.. And the article was included in ChemMedChem in 2011.Formula: C9H9ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Screening of the Sigma-Aldrich Library of Pharmacol. Active Compounds (LOPAC) against cultured Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African sleeping sickness, resulted in the identification of a number of compounds with selective antiproliferative activity over mammalian cells. These included (+)-(1R,2R)-U50488 (I), a weak opioid agonist with an EC₅₀ value of 59 nM as determined in a T. brucei in vitro assay reported previously. This paper describes the modification of key structural elements of U50488 to investigate structure-activity relationships (SAR) and to optimize the antiproliferative activity and pharmacokinetic properties of this compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0Formula: C9H9ClO2).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Formula: C9H9ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rapid construction of cyclodextrin polyester layer on polyamide for preparing highly permeable reverse osmosis membrane was written by Wu, Haowen;Liu, Yingying;Zhang, Haifeng;Wang, Jixiao;Wang, Zhi. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.Synthetic Route of C9H3Cl3O3 This article mentions the following:

Hydrophilic modification of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is a common method to enhance membrane permeance. However, it is usually hard to improve the membrane permeance obviously by introducing hydrophilic substances onto membrane surface as a result of the formation of a new mass transfer resistance layer. Besides, most hydrophilic modification methods are time-consuming, which is not conducive to industrial application. In this work, hydrophilic hydroxyl-rich macrocycles (cyclodextrin, CD) with a hydrophobic lumen and large intrinsic cavity were introduced on polyamide (PA) layer by second interfacial polymerization (IP) between acyl chloride and hydroxyl in only 5 s with the assistance of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), forming a highly hydrophilic and loose polyester layer on the top of PA, which is beneficial to water adsorption and transport. The permeances of CD-modified RO membranes are nearly three times as large as the unmodified membrane while maintaining the high rejection (R_NaCl = 98.75-98.88%). This work provides a straightforward, industry-friendly, effective, and rapid strategy for preparing highly water permeable RO membranes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Synthetic Route of C9H3Cl3O3).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Synthetic Route of C9H3Cl3O3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Impregnated silica nanoparticles for the reactive removal of sulfur mustard from solutions was written by Singh, Beer;Saxena, Amit;Nigam, Anil Kumar;Ganesan, Kumaran;Pandey, Pratibha. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2009.Recommanded Product: 14070-51-0 This article mentions the following:

High surface area (887.3 m²/g) silica nanoparticles were synthesized using aerogel route and thereafter, characterized by N-Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), SEM and TEM techniques. The data indicated the formation of nanoparticles of silica in the size range of 24-75 nm with mesoporous characteristics. Later, these were impregnated with reactive chems. such as N-chloro compounds, oxaziridines, polyoxometalates, etc., which have already been proven to be effective against sulfur mustard (HD). Thus, developed novel mesoporous reactive sorbents were tested for their self-decontaminating feature by conducting studies on kinetics of adsorptive removal of HD from solutions Trichloroisocyanuric acid impregnated silica nanoparticles (10%, weight/weight)-based system was the best with least half-life value (t_1/2 =2.8 min) among prepared systems to remove and detoxify HD into nontoxic degradation products. Hydrolysis, dehydrohalogenation and oxidation reactions were the route of degradation of HD over prepared sorbents. The study also inferred that 10% loading of impregnants over high surface area and low d. silica nanoparticles enhances the rate of reaction kinetics and seems to be useful in the field of heterogeneous reaction kinetics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0Recommanded Product: 14070-51-0).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Recommanded Product: 14070-51-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, spectra, and reactions of some S-alkylthiophenium salts was written by Acheson, Richard M.;Harrison, Derek R.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] C: Organic in 1970.Reference of 18583-55-6 This article mentions the following:

S-Alkylthiophenium, -benzo[b]thiophenium and -dibenzo[b,d]thiophenium salts were prepared by treatment of the corresponding thiophenes with alkyl halides in the presence of AgBF4 or similar reagents. Their uv spectra resemble those of the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones, rather than those of the parent thiophene. The NMR spectrum of 3-bromo-1-ethylbenzo[b]thiophenium tetrafluoroborate and those of similar compounds show that the Et groups appear as ABX3 systems, which were computer-simulated. The S-alkyl groups are putatively not coplanar with the S-containing rings. In the mass spectrometer the S-alkyl group is very readily lost, but expansion of the thiophene ring also occurs. The salts are powerful alkylating agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2-Chlorobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (cas: 18583-55-6Reference of 18583-55-6).

(2-Chlorobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (cas: 18583-55-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Reference of 18583-55-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, physico-chemical characterization, and environmental applications of meso porous crosslinked poly (azomethine-sulfone)s was written by Sayed, Marwa M.;Abdel-Hakim, Mohamed;Mahross, Mahmoud H.;Aly, Kamal I.. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Computed Properties of C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

To develop innovative mesoporous crosslinked poly(azomethine- sulfone)s with environmental applications, a simple Schiff base condensation technique based on barbituric acid BA or condensed terephthaldehyde barbituric acid TBA in their structures as monomeric units are applied. Different anal. methodologies and viscosity measurements identify them as having stronger heat stability and an amorphous structure. The photophys. features of the multi stimuli response MSR phenomenon are observable, with white light emission at higher concentrations and blue light emission at lower concentrations Their emission characteristics make them an excellent metal ions sensor through diverse charge transfer methods. They can have a better inhibition efficiency and be employed as both mixed-type and active corrosion inhibitors according to their fluorescence emission with metals, demonstrating their capacity to bind with diverse metals. The adsorption of two distinct dye mols., Methylene blue MB cationic and sunset yellow SY anionic, on the mesoporous structures of the polymers is investigated, revealing their selectivity for MB dye adsorption. Quantum studies support these amazing discoveries, demonstrating a crab-like monomeric unit structure for the one that is heavily crosslinked. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Computed Properties of C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Computed Properties of C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Microbiota Metabolism Promotes Synthesis of the Human Ah Receptor Agonist 2,8-Dihydroxyquinoline was written by Hubbard, Troy D.;Liu, Qing;Murray, Iain A.;Dong, Fangcong;Miller, Charles;Smith, Philip B.;Gowda, Krishne;Lin, Jyh Ming;Amin, Shantu;Patterson, Andrew D.;Perdew, Gary H.. And the article was included in Journal of Proteome Research in 2019.Safety of 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine This article mentions the following:

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a major regulator of immune function within the gastrointestinal tract. Resident microbiota are capable of influencing AHR-dependent signaling pathways via production of an array of bioactive mols. that act as AHR agonists, such as indole or indole-3-aldehyde. Bacteria produce a number of quinoline derivatives, of which some function as quorum-sensing mols. Thus, we screened relevant hydroxyquinoline derivatives for AHR activity using AHR responsive reporter cell lines. 2,8-Dihydroxyquinoline (2,8-DHQ) was identified as a species-specific AHR agonist that exhibits full AHR agonist activity in human cell lines, but only induces modest AHR activity in mouse cells. Addnl. dihydroxylated quinolines tested failed to activate the human AHR. Nanomolar concentrations of 2,8-DHQ significantly induced CYP1A1 expression and, upon cotreatment with cytokines, synergistically induced IL6 expression. Ligand binding competition studies subsequently confirmed 2,8-DHQ to be a human AHR ligand. Several dihydroxyquinolines were detected in human fecal samples, with concentrations of 2,8-DHQ ranging between 0 and 3.4 pmol/mg feces. Addnl., in mice the microbiota was necessary for the presence of DHQ in cecal contents. These results suggest that microbiota-derived 2,8-DHQ would contribute to AHR activation in the human gut, and thus participate in the protective and homeostatic effects observed with gastrointestinal AHR activation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7Safety of 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine).

2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Safety of 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics