Month: January 2023

Conversion of aromatic ketones into π-arylalkanoic acids. Oxidation by thallium(III) and by halogens was written by Higgins, Stanley D.;Thomas, C. Barry. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) in 1982.COA of Formula: C9H9ClO2 This article mentions the following:

The mechanism by which Tl(NO₃)₃ oxidizes aromatic ketones to α-arylalkanoic acids was studied, using PhCOMe as substrate. An organothallium intermediate, probably PhCOCH₂-Tl(NO₃)₂, is a significant feature of this reaction and the key factor influencing the efficiency of this reaction is the readiness with which this species is converted into its acetal. Tl(III) is not a unique reagent for this oxidation; any reagent which can act initially as an electrophile and then as a leaving group is suitable, provided acetal formation is possible. The iodine-AgNO₃ system has several advantages over Tl(NO₃)₃ as it gives high specificity and toxicity problems are eliminated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate (cas: 7476-66-6COA of Formula: C9H9ClO2).

Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate (cas: 7476-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.COA of Formula: C9H9ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification of Novel d-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitors by in Silico Screening and Their Functional Characterization in Vitro was written by Katane, Masumi;Osaka, Naoko;Matsuda, Satsuki;Maeda, Kazuhiro;Kawata, Tomonori;Saitoh, Yasuaki;Sekine, Masae;Furuchi, Takemitsu;Doi, Issei;Hirono, Shuichi;Homma, Hiroshi. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2013.Synthetic Route of C5H2Cl2O2S This article mentions the following:

D-Amino acid oxidase (DAO) is a degradative enzyme that is stereospecific for d-amino acids, including d-serine and d-alanine, which are potential coagonists of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Dysfunction of NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission has been implicated in the onset of various mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Hence, a DAO inhibitor that augments the brain levels of d-serine and/or d-alanine and thereby activates NMDA receptor function is expected to be an antipsychotic drug, for instance, in the treatment of schizophrenia. In the search for potent DAO inhibitor(s), a large number of compounds were screened in silico, and several compounds were estimated as candidates. These compounds were then characterized and evaluated as novel DAO inhibitors in vitro. The results reported in this study indicate that some of these compounds are possible lead compounds for the development of a clin. useful DAO inhibitor and have the potential to serve as active site probes to elucidate the structure-function relationships of DAO. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 36157-41-2Synthetic Route of C5H2Cl2O2S).

2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 36157-41-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Synthetic Route of C5H2Cl2O2S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Heterogeneous silica-polyimide aerogel-in-aerogel nanocomposites was written by Kantor, Zuzanna;Wu, Tingting;Zeng, Zhihui;Gaan, Sabyasachi;Lehner, Sandro;Jovic, Milijana;Bonnin, Anne;Pan, Zhengyuan;Mazrouei-Sebdani, Zahra;Opris, Dorina M.;Koebel, Matthias M.;Malfait, Wim J.;Zhao, Shanyu. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2022.Recommanded Product: 4422-95-1 This article mentions the following:

Polymer aerogels are a promising, non-brittle alternative to silica aerogel, but are limited by their very poor high-temperature stability. Polyimide is widely known for its high heat-resistance, however, a high degree of volume shrinkage is common for polyimide aerogels after exposure to temperatures above 200°C. Here, we present the aerogel-in-aerogel composites that comprise silica aerogel grains with a nanoparticulate microstructure embedded in a nanofibrous polyimide aerogel matrix. The mixing procedure and synthesis protocol were optimized to avoid excessive infiltration of the polyimide sol into the silica aerogel mesopores. The composites display a unique, heterogeneous structure with a high surface area, > 600 m² g^-1, a low thermal conductivity down to 17.5 mW m^-1 K^-1, a very low dielec. constant (âˆ?.5 at 10^-1-10⁶ Hz, âˆ?.2 at 8-12.5 GHz, âˆ?.2 at 26.5-32 GHz) and dielec. loss (10^-3 to 10^-1 at all studied frequencies). The hydrophobic silica aerogel component contributes a high water resistance, with high water contact angles (>150°) and a low humidity uptake (<4 weight% at 88% relative humidity), and a much-reduced volume shrinkage at high temperature The polyimide component imparts excellent mech. properties to the composites, including improved compressive modulus, compressive and bending strengths. The composite aerogels offer great potential for applications that require high mech. strength, a low dielec. constant and/or thermal conductivity and/or high-temperature stability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Recommanded Product: 4422-95-1).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Recommanded Product: 4422-95-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A formal method for the de-N,N-dialkylation of Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement products was written by Tayama, Eiji;Sato, Ryota;Takedachi, Keisuke;Iwamoto, Hajime;Hasegawa, Eietsu. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2012.Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate This article mentions the following:

Selective amine de-alkylation enables the conversion of Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement products into 2-aryl-2-bromoacetic acid derivatives These compounds are valuable synthetic intermediates in the synthesis of α-aryl-α-amino or α-aryl-β-amino acid derivatives The method presented herein is a formal de-N,N-dialkylation of Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate (cas: 7476-66-6Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate).

Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate (cas: 7476-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Recommanded Product: Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Stabilized Ru⁰ Nanoparticles: In Situ Generation of an Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyst was written by Kathuria, Lakshay;Din Reshi, Noor U.;Samuelson, Ashoka G.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2020.Name: 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

Tethered and untethered ruthenium half-sandwich complexes I [R = 2,4,6-(CH₃)₃, 4-i-Pr, H, 3-Me, etc.; n = 1, 2] and II were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. X-ray crystallog. anal. of three untethered I (n = 1, R = 3-OMe; n = 1, R = 4-i-Pr; n = 1, R = 4-NO₂) and two tethered Ru N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes II (R = 3-OMe, 2,4,6-(CH₃)₃) were also carried out. These RuNHC complexes catalyze transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones as acetophenone, 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one, 1-(furan-2-yl)ethan-1-one, etc. in 2-propanol under reflux, optimally in the presence of (25 mol%) KOH. Under these conditions, the formation of 2-3 nm-sized Ru0 nanoparticles was detected by TEM measurements. A solid-state NMR investigation of the nanoparticles suggested that the NHC ligands were bound to the surface of the Ru nanoparticles (NPs). This base-promoted route to NHC-stabilized ruthenium nanoparticles directly from arene-tethered ruthenium-NHC complexes and from untethered ruthenium-NHC complexes is more convenient than previously known routes to NHC-stabilized Ru nanocatalysts. Similar catalytically active RuNPs were also generated from the reaction of a mixture of [RuCl₂(p-cymene)]₂ and the NHC precursor with KOH in isopropanol under reflux. The transfer hydrogenation catalyzed by these NHC-stabilized RuNPs possess a high turnover number The catalytic efficiency was significantly reduced if nanoparticles were exposed to air or allowed to aggregate and precipitate by cooling the reaction mixtures during the reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Name: 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Name: 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation of 2,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-phenylhydrazine was written by Liu, Deqiang;Yang, Yanzhao;Lu, Wenjuan. And the article was included in Guangdong Huagong in 2009.Application of 39489-79-7 This article mentions the following:

In the paper, various synthetic routes to obtain 2,4-dichloro-5- hydroxyphenylhydrazine were briefly discussed. 2,4-Dichlorophenol was chosen as starting material, followed by esterification, nitration, hydrolyzation, reduction, diazotization and reduction, and the products were obtained. The products were characterized by m.p. measurement, fourier transform IR(FT-IR) and hydrogen NMR(H¹-NMR). The m.p. of the products was identical with the literature, and the structure was also confirmed by FT-IR and H-NMR. Through optimizing the exptl. parameters, the molar yields of the final products could reach as high as 46.6 %. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Amino-2,4-dichlorophenol (cas: 39489-79-7Application of 39489-79-7).

5-Amino-2,4-dichlorophenol (cas: 39489-79-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Application of 39489-79-7

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Targeting tubulin polymerization by novel 7-aryl-pyrroloquinolinones: Synthesis, biological activity and SARs was written by Bortolozzi, Roberta;Mattiuzzo, Elena;Dal Pra, Matteo;Sturlese, Mattia;Moro, Stefano;Hamel, Ernest;Carta, Davide;Viola, Giampietro;Ferlin, Maria Grazia. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Synthetic Route of C18H37Cl This article mentions the following:

For wide-ranging SARs, a series of 7-arylpyrroloquinolinones, e.g., I (R¹ = Me, Ph, 1-naphthyl, 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl, etc.; R² = Et, n-C₁₈H₃₇), was synthesized through a robust procedure. For comparison with the reference 3-ethyl-7-phenyl-3H-pyrrolo[3-2-f]quinolin-9-one, the angular geometry and substituents at the 3 and 7 positions were varied to explore interactions inside the colchicine site of tubulin. Among the new compounds synthesized, potent cytotoxicity (low and sub-nanomolar GI₅₀ values) was observed with compounds I (R¹ = 1-naphthyl, 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl; R² = Et), both more potent than 3-ethyl-7-phenyl-3H-pyrrolo[3-2-f]quinolin-9-one, in both leukemic and solid tumor cell lines. Neither of the two above compounds I induced significant cell death in normal human lymphocytes, suggesting that these compounds may be selectively active against cancer cells. In particular, I (R¹ = 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl; R² = Et) (II) was a potent inducer of apoptosis in the A549 and HeLa cell lines. With both compounds, induction of apoptosis was associated with dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species, indicating that cells treated with these compounds followed the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, immunoblot anal. revealed that the compound II even at 50 nM reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Finally, mol. docking studies of the newly synthesized compounds demonstrate that active pyrroloquinolinone derivatives strongly bind in the colchicine site of β-tubulin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2Synthetic Route of C18H37Cl).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Synthetic Route of C18H37Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The crystal structures of three disordered 2-substituted benzimidazole esters was written by Harish Chinthal, Chayanna;Yathirajan, Hemmige S.;Manju, Nagaraja;Kalluraya, Balakrishna;Foro, Sabine;Glidewell, Christopher. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Crystallographic Communications in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate This article mentions the following:

The crystal structures of three benzimidazole esters containing aryl or heterocyclic substituents at position 2 are reported, and all three exhibit disorder of mol. entities. In Et 1-methyl-2-[4-(prop-2-ynoxy)phenyl]-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylate, C₂₀H₁₈N₂O₃, (I), the prop-2-yn-1-oxyphenyl unit is disordered over two sets of at. sites having effectively equal occupancies, 0.506 (5) and 0.494 (5). The Pr substituent in Et 1-propyl-2-(pyren-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylate, C₂₉H₂₄N₂O₂, (II), is disordered over two sets of at. sites having occupancies 0.601 (8) and 0.399 (8), and the ester unit in Et 1-methyl-2-(5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylate, C₂₁H₁₉ClN₄O₂ (III), is disordered over two sets of at. sites having occupancies 0.645 (7) and 0.355 (7). In each of the C-H···π(arene) hydrogen bonds in (I), the donor and acceptor form parts of different disorder components, so that no continuous aggregation is possible. The mols. of (II) are linked by a single C-H···O hydrogen bond into C(10) chains, which are linked into sheets by a π-π stacking interaction, whereas those of (III) are just linked into C(13) chains, again by a single C-H···O hydrogen bond. Comparisons are made with the structures of some related compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nano-carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylamide, and γ-Fe₂O₃-SO₃H cross-linked to a hydrophobic linker: an organic-inorganic hydrogel for adsorptive removal of dyes was written by Tamaddon, Fatemeh;Ahmadi-AhmadAbadi, Ehsan;Khoje-neamah, Ehsan. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

Dye removal by magnetic hydrogel adsorbents has the potential to compliment water treatment. Here, a new pH-responsive and magnetic hydrogel implanted with the hydrophobic chlorophenyl groups was prepared by crosslinking the cotton-derived nanocarboxymethylcellulose crystals (NCMCC), γ-Fe₂O₃-SO₃H, and polyacrylamide (PAAmide) to the N,N’-((4-chlorophenyl)methylene) diacrylamide (NNCMDA). Besides to the hydrogel’s magnetizing agent, γ-Fe₂O₃-SO₃H was the catalyst in synthesis of bis-acrylamide NNCMDA that cross-linked the components in hydrogel NCMCC/PAAmide/γ-Fe₂O₃-SO₃H/NNCMDA characterized by FT-IR, FESEM, TGA, BET, VSM, and XRD analyses. While implantation of hydrogel by hydrophobic cross-linker NNCMDA caused âˆ?.5 times drop in swelling capacity, a general adsorptive removal plus to selectivity were observed for cationic dyes of Methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RB) with adsorption capacities of 717.0 mg/g and 61.0 mg/g, resp. Adsorption mechanism for MB was in agreement with the Langmuir model (R² = 0.99) and a monolayer adsorption of dye on the hydrogel surface, whereas adsorption kinetics was compatible by the pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.99). The advantages of the present hydrogel are simultaneous entering of the nano-CMC, hydrophobic implant NNCMDA, and the pH-responsive magnetizing agent γ-Fe₂O₃-SO₃H into the hydrogel matrix and upgrading the removal performance of hydrogel to 74.68% for MB and 50.85% for RB without change after the fifth recycling run. All results confirmed the more adsorptive effectiveness of the NCMCC/PAAmide/γ-Fe₂O₃-SO₃H/NNCMDA in dye removal vs. the reported cellulose-based hydrogels. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hydrogen Chloride Gas in Solvent-Free Continuous Conversion of Alcohols to Chlorides in Microflow was written by Borukhova, Svetlana;Noel, Timothy;Hessel, Volker. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2016.Application of 697-73-4 This article mentions the following:

Chlorides represent a class of valuable intermediates that are utilized in the preparation of bulk and fine chems. An earlier milestone to convert bulk alcs. to corresponding chlorides was reached when hydrochloric acid was used instead of toxic and wasteful chlorinating agents. This paper presents the development of an intensified solvent-free continuous process by using hydrogen chloride gas only. The handling of corrosive hydrogen chloride became effortless when the operating platform was split into dry and wet zones. The dry zone is used to deliver gas and prevent corrosion, while the wet zone is used to carry out the chem. transformation. The use of gas instead of hydrochloric acid allowed a decrease in hydrogen chloride equivalent from 3 to 1.2. In 20 min residence time, full conversion of benzyl alc. yielded 96 weight % of benzyl chloride in the product stream. According to green chem. and engineering principles, the developed process is of an exemplary type due to its truly continuous nature, no use of solvent and formation of water as a sole byproduct. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4Application of 697-73-4).

2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application of 697-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics