Month: January 2023

Derisking the Cu-Mediated ¹⁸F-Fluorination of Heterocyclic Positron Emission Tomography Radioligands was written by Taylor, Nicholas J.;Emer, Enrico;Preshlock, Sean;Schedler, Michael;Tredwell, Matthew;Verhoog, Stefan;Mercier, Joel;Genicot, Christophe;Gouverneur, Veronique. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2017.Reference of 697-73-4 This article mentions the following:

The compatibility of various heterocycles, particularly nitrogen heterocycles, towards the copper-mediated ¹⁸F-fluorination of aryl pinacolboronates with ¹⁸F-fluoride was determined using fluorination reactions of a model substrate in the presence of exogenous heterocycles and the fluorination reactions of substrates possessing heterocycles with fluorination on an attached aromatic ring or directly attached to the heterocycle of interest. Using this information, syntheses of seven ¹⁸F-labeled structurally complex pharmaceutically relevant heterocycle-containing mols. were designed and executed. The method may be useful in designing syntheses of other radiolabeled compounds and delineating the scope of utility of other radiolabeling methods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4Reference of 697-73-4).

2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Reference of 697-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recoverable and Reusable V₂O₅/SnO₂ catalyst for N-Boc protection of amines under solvent-free conditions was written by Ramchander, Potu;Raju, Gugulothu Vijayacharan Gajula;Satyanaryana, Battu. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research in 2017.Safety of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate This article mentions the following:

A simple methodol. for the synthesis of N-aryl carbamates RNBoc [R = Ph, 2-MeC₆H₄, 2-H₂NC₆H₄, etc.] via N-Boc protection of amines using V₂O₅/SnO₂ catalyst was developed. The reactions proceeded smoothly under solvent-free conditions and N-Boc protection of amines were obtained in good to excellent yields. This heterogeneous catalysis offered the advantages such as ease to prepare the V₂O₅/SnO₂ catalyst, low cost, availability and reusability of the catalyst, avoid to use of base-, metal-, or acid-reagents, relatively short reaction times and clean workup and no side reactions. The catalyst could be easily recovered and reused for ten reaction cycles for protection of amines without considerable loss of activity and yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6Safety of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate).

tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Safety of tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

All-Organic Filler with Fractal Structure for Reinforcement and Toughening of Aromatic Polyamide Film was written by Gao, Yue;Lv, Junwei;Gao, Kexiong;Zhang, Dajie;Luo, Longbo;Liu, Xiangyang. And the article was included in Macromolecular Materials and Engineering in 2022.Reference of 4422-95-1 This article mentions the following:

The simultaneous enhancement in strength and toughness seems to be an intrinsic contradiction in multiple material designs, including the structural regulation of polymer composites. In this study, benzimidazole-containing aromatic-polyamide thin films are used as typical rigid polymers with high strength and modulus to study their strength-toughness collaboration via a multi-scaled stress distribution mechanism. A fully organic deformable filler with a fractal structure is designed. Utilizing the large-scale deformability of the filler to absorb the energy and dislocation node structure of the filler to disperse the stress, the composite thin film is significantly toughened, which is reflected in the elongation at break increased by 144.9% and energy at break increased by 154.2%. In addition, the specific fractal structure of the filler provided a larger interaction area, which enhanced the interfacial bonding force and improved the strength of the film. Moreover, owing to the larger interaction area provided by the fractal structure, the interface bonding force between the filler and matrix due to the similar chem. structures is further improved and the tensile strength of the composite thin film is increased from 389.2 ± 11.98 to 426.2 ± 4.41 MPa. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Reference of 4422-95-1).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Reference of 4422-95-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Sulfonamides under Microwave Irradiation was written by Burton, George;Cao, Ping;Li, Gang;Rivero, Ralph. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2003.Electric Literature of C9H8ClNO4 This article mentions the following:

An efficient intermol. N-arylation of sulfonamides with aryl chlorides is realized using Pd catalysis. The reaction proceeds under microwave irradiation at 180-200° for 10 min with 2-10 mol % of Pd catalyst in 32-85% isolated yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Electric Literature of C9H8ClNO4).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Electric Literature of C9H8ClNO4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Multimodal confined water dynamics in reverse osmosis polyamide membranes was written by Foglia, Fabrizia;Frick, Bernhard;Nania, Manuela;Livingston, Andrew G.;Cabral, Joao T.. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Related Products of 4422-95-1 This article mentions the following:

While polyamide (PA) membranes are widespread in water purification and desalination by reverse osmosis, a mol.-level understanding of the dynamics of both confined water and polymer matrix remains elusive. Despite the dense hierarchical structure of PA membranes formed by interfacial polymerization, previous studies suggest that water diffusion remains largely unchanged with respect to bulk water. Here, we employ neutron spectroscopy to investigate PA membranes under precise hydration conditions, and a series of isotopic contrasts, to elucidate water transport and polymer relaxation, spanning ps-ns timescales, and Å-nm length scales. We exptl. resolve, for the first time, the multimodal diffusive nature of water in PA membranes: in addition to (slowed down) translational jump-diffusion, we observe a long-range and a localized mode, whose geometry and timescales we quantify. The PA matrix is also found to exhibit rotational relaxations commensurate with the nanoscale confinement observed in water diffusion. This comprehensive ‘diffusion map’ can anchor mol. and nanoscale simulations, and enable the predictive design of PA membranes with tuneable performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Related Products of 4422-95-1).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Related Products of 4422-95-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nitration of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid and related compounds was written by Berrie, A. H.;Newbold, G. T.;Spring, F. S.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1951.Related Products of 59237-53-5 This article mentions the following:

The following study is a part of a projected synthesis of lysergic acid. 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid (I) (50 g.) in 500 cc. HNO₃ (d. 1.52), kept 4 hrs. at 45-50°, gives 20 g. 5-nitro derivative (II), yellow, m. 278° (decomposition), absorption maximum at 2110 and 3600 A. (ε 19,200 and 7900); Me ester, pale yellow, m. 206°, 65%; Et ester, pale yellow, m. 165-7°. I (2 g.) in 20 cc. HNO₃ (d. 1.52), refluxed 30 hrs., gives 1 g. 3,5-dinitro-2(1H)-pyridone (III), yellow, m. 175°, absorption maximum at 2140 and 3260 A. (ε 13,400 and 11,400); 1 g. II and 10 cc. HNO₃, heated 30 hrs., give 0.5 g. III; 0.92 g. 2-amino-3,5-dinitropyridine and HNO₂ and later, NaOH, give 0.8 g. III; 1 g. 3-nitro-2(1H)-pyridone, refluxed 2 hrs. with HNO₃, gives 0.3 g. III; 5-nitro-2(1H)-pyridone yields 38% III. 1,6-Dihydro-6-oxo-1-methylnicotinic acid (IV) (3.06 g.) and 30.6 cc. HNO₃ (d. 1.52), heated 5 hrs. at 50-5°, evaporated to dryness, and crystallized from H₂O, gave 2.0 g. 1-methyl-3,5-dinitro-2(1H)-pyridone (V), pale yellow, m. 178°, absorption maximum at 2080, 2180, and 3100 A. (ε 20,600, 19,100, and 12,700); acidification of the filtrate (concentrated HCl) gives 15.8% of the 5-NO₂ derivative (VI) of IV, yellow, m. 217-22°, absorption maximum at 2180 and 3640 A. (ε 18,100 and 6600); Me ester, yellow, m. 147-9°; Et ester, pale yellow, m. 124°. IV (3.06 g.) and 30.6 g. HNO₃ (d. 1.52), refluxed 5 hrs., give 2 g. V; 0.25 g. VI and HNO₃, refluxed 4 hrs., give 0.2 g. V. 1-Methyl-3-nitro-2(1H)-pyridone (0.7 g.) and HNO₃, refluxed 2 hrs., give 0.3 g. V; 0.7 g. of the 5-NO₂ isomer yields 0.3 g. V; 0.92 g. III and 0.28 g. KOH in 10 cc. H₂O, evaporated to dryness and heated 3 hrs. at 120° with MeI in MeOH, give 0.5 g. V. II (1.84 g.), heated 20 hrs. at 100° with 10 cc. PBr₃ and 6.4 g. Br and the bromide decomposed with 20 cc. MeOH, gives 1.6 g. Me 6-bromo-5-nitronicotinate (VII), pale yellow, m. 98°; Et ester, pale yellow, m. 85°. II (0.92 g.), heated 2 hrs. at 100° with PCl₅, and POCl₃, gives 0.92 g. of the 6-Cl analog of VII, pale yellow, m. 76°; Et ester, m. 61°, 44%. III(0.92 g.),1.5 g. PCl₅, and 2 cc. POCl₃, heated 2 hrs. at 120°, give 0.5 g. 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine, m. 64.5°. 2-Amino-5-chloro-3-nitropyridine (1.25 g.) in 4 cc. H₂SO₄ (d. 1.84) and 2.5 cc. H₂O, treated with I g. NaNO₂ (below 10°), stirred 1 hr., diluted with 25 cc. H₂O, and kept overnight at 0°, gives 1.18 g. 5-chloro-3-nitro-2(1H)-pyridone (VIII), yellow, m. 235°; 1.75 g. VIII in 10 cc. 6% aqueous KOH, evaporated to dryness and heated 2 hrs. with 4 g. MeI in 10 cc. EtOH, gives 0.5 g. of the 1-Me derivative of VIII, pale yellow, m. 126°. 2-Amino-5-nitropyridine (1.39 g.) in 100 cc. EtOH, treated (ice cooling) with 0.71 g. Cl, gives 0.85 g. 2-amino-3-chloro-5-nitropyridine (IX), pale yellow, m. 211-13°. IX (0.35 g.) through the diazo reaction in H₂SO₄ gives 0.2 g. 3-chloro-5-nitro-2(1H)pyridone (X), pale yellow, m. 198°. V (1 g.), 3 g. PCl₅, and 2 cc. POCl₃, heated 4 hrs. at 150°, give 0.5 g. unchanged V and 0.2 g. 3-chloro-1-methyl-5-nitro-2(1H)-pyridone (XI), pale yellow, m. 115°; 0.99 g. V and 5 cc. SOCl₂, heated 5 hrs. at 140-50°, give 0.25 g. unchanged V and 0.4 g. XI; the K compound from 1.75 g. X, MeI, and EtOH, boiled 2 hrs., give 1.5 g. XI. 3-Nitro-2(1H)-pyridone (1.4 g.) in 10 cc. hot 5% NaOH gives 0.9 g. Na 3-nitro-2-pyridyl oxide (XII), with I mol. H₂O, yellow, m. 340°, absorption maximum at 2580 and 3600 A. (ε 2400 and 6600). Na 5-nitro-2-pyridyl oxide, with 3 mols. H₂O, yellow, m. 303° (decomposition), absorption maximum at 2060 and 3020 A. (ε 9100 and 10,500); Na 3,5-dinitro-2-pyridyl oxide (XIII), with 2 mols. H₂O, m. 298° (decomposition), absorption maximum at 2100 and 3260 A. (ε 13,600 and 10,100); these 3 Na salts decompose violently when heated. Nitration of 2(1H)-pyridone by the method of Chichibabin and Shapiro (C.A. 18, 2394) gives a compound m. 286° (decomposition), believed to be a mixture of XII and XIII; further nitration gives a good yield of III. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 6-chloro-5-nitronicotinate (cas: 59237-53-5Related Products of 59237-53-5).

Methyl 6-chloro-5-nitronicotinate (cas: 59237-53-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Related Products of 59237-53-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Harnessing C-H Borylation/Deborylation for Selective Deuteration, Synthesis of Boronate Esters, and Late Stage Functionalization was written by Kallepalli, Venkata A.;Gore, Kristin A.;Shi, Feng;Sanchez, Luis;Chotana, Ghayoor A.;Miller, Susanne L.;Maleczka, Robert E.;Smith, Milton R.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2015.Formula: C13H15BClF3O2 This article mentions the following:

In the presence of iridium catalysts such as [Ir(cod)OMe]₂, aryl and heteroaryl mono- and di(pinacolboronates) underwent regioselective deborylation; reaction of aryl- and heteroaryl mono(pinacolboronates) using D₂O yielded regioselectively deuterated arenes, while deborylation of di(pinacolboronates) yielded mono(pinacolboronates) with different and complementary regioselectivity from a direct monoborylation. Di(pinacolboronates) were prepared using iridium-catalyzed borylation; diborylation and chemoselective deborylation reactions were performed in one pot in some instances. The iridium-catalyzed borylations were compared to palladium-catalyzed deborylations of diborylated indoles described by Movassaghi; for a 3-methylindole-derived diboronate and for three thiophenediboronates, the iridium-catalyzed conditions were more effective. Nonracemic clopidogrel was regioselectively deuterated and monoborylated using iridium-catalyzed mono- and diborylation and deborylation reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 942069-65-0Formula: C13H15BClF3O2).

2-(3-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 942069-65-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Formula: C13H15BClF3O2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Discovery of a Potent and Highly Selective Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor as “Antidiabesity” Agents Based on Repurposing and Morphing of WB-4101 was written by Artasensi, Angelica;Angeli, Andrea;Lammi, Carmen;Bollati, Carlotta;Gervasoni, Silvia;Baron, Giovanna;Matucci, Rosanna;Supuran, Claudiu T.;Vistoli, Giulio;Fumagalli, Laura. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C19H15Cl This article mentions the following:

The management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is shifting from cardio-centric to weight-centric or, even better, adipose-centric treatments. Considering the downsides of multidrug therapies and the relevance of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) and carbonic anhydrases (CAs II and V) in T2DM and in the weight loss, we report a new class of multitarget ligands targeting the mentioned enzymes. We started from the known α₁-AR inhibitor WB-4101, which was progressively modified through a tailored morphing strategy to optimize the potency of DPP IV and CAs while losing the adrenergic activity. The obtained compound 12 (I) shows a satisfactory DPP IV inhibition with a good selectivity CA profile (DPP IV IC₅₀: 0.0490μM; CA II K_i 0.2615μM; CA VA K_i 0.0941μM; CA VB K_i 0.0428μM). Furthermore, its DPP IV inhibitory activity in Caco-2 and its acceptable pre-ADME/Tox profile indicate it as a lead compound in this novel class of multitarget ligands. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Electric Literature of C19H15Cl).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Electric Literature of C19H15Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The potential transformation mechanisms of the marker components of Schizonepetae Spica and its charred product was written by Liu, Xindan;Zhang, Ying;Wu, Menghua;Ma, Zhiguo;Cao, Hui. And the article was included in Molecules in 2020.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Schizonepetae Spica (SS) is commonly used for treating colds, fevers, bloody stool and metrorrhagia in China. To treat colds and fevers, traditional Chinese medicine doctors often use raw SS, while to treat bloody stool and metrorrhagia, they usually use Schizonepetae Spica Carbonisata (SSC; raw SS processed by stir-frying until carbonization). However, there have been limited investigations designed to uncover the mechanism of stir-fry processing. In the present study, a method combining gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC) was developed for the comprehensive anal. of the chem. profiles of SS and SSC samples. Principal component anal. of the GC-MS data demonstrated that there were 16 significant differences in volatile compounds between the SS and SSC samples. The simultaneous quantification of six nonvolatile compounds was also established based on HPLC, and remarkable differences were found between the two products. These changes were probably responsible for the various pharmacol. effects of SS and SSC as well as the observed hepatotoxicity. Finally, the mechanisms could be rationalized by deducing possible reactions involved in the transformation of these marker components. This work reports a new strategy to reveal the chem. transformation of SS during stir-fry processing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

T3P mediated intramolecular rearrangement of o-aminobenzamide to o-ureidobenzonitrile using isothiocyanates was written by Shamanth, Sadashivamurthy;Nagarakere, Sandhya C.;Sagar, Kunigal S.;Narayana, Yatheesh;Mamatha, Mahesha;Rangappa, Kanchugarakoppal S.;Kempegowda, Mantelingu. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2021.COA of Formula: C7H3Cl2NS This article mentions the following:

Current work describes the environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of o-ureidobenzonitriles, from o-aminobenzamides and isothiocyanates using T3P. Here, the conversion of thiourea to urea and amide to nitrile take place simultaneously via unprecedented intramol. rearrangement. This protocol is operationally facile and offers wide variety of o-ureidobenzonitriles at room temperature in good to excellent yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1COA of Formula: C7H3Cl2NS).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.COA of Formula: C7H3Cl2NS

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics