Month: January 2023

Synthesis of 10-Aza-9-oxakalkitoxin by N-O Bond Formation was written by Upadhyaya, Kapil;Crich, David. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene This article mentions the following:

We describe a formal synthesis of 10-aza-9-oxakalkitoxin, the hydroxalog of the cytotoxic marine natural product kalkitoxin, that features Mukaiyama Markovnikov silyl peroxidation of a terminal alkene and N-O bond formation as the central enabling steps. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Application In Synthesis of (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Application In Synthesis of (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Expedited access to thieno[3,2-c]quinolin-4(5H)-ones and benzo[h]-1,6-naphthyridin-5(6H)-ones via a continuous flow photocyclization method was written by Fang, Y.;Tranmer, G. K.. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2016.Product Details of 36157-41-2 This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of thieno[3,2-c]quinolin-4(5H)-ones I [R¹ = H, Me, Cl, OMe; R² = H, Cl; R³ = H, Cl, CF₃, etc.] and benzo[h]-1,6-naphthyridin-5(6H)-ones II [R¹ = H, Cl] via continuous flow photocyclization of phenylthiophene-carboxamides and phenylnicotinamides resp. was described. Overall, the continuous flow method provided access to complex heterocycles in two steps from com. available starting materials in good yields and with greater atom efficiency than traditional batch reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 36157-41-2Product Details of 36157-41-2).

2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-carboxylic acid (cas: 36157-41-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Product Details of 36157-41-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of quinolin-2-one alkaloid derivatives and their inhibitory activities against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase was written by Cheng, Pi;Gu, Qiong;Liu, Wei;Zou, Jian-Feng;Ou, Yang-Yong;Luo, Zhong-Yong;Zeng, Jian-Guo. And the article was included in Molecules in 2011.Recommanded Product: 18437-66-6 This article mentions the following:

Based on an established common pharmacophore of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNTTIs), several quinolinone derivatives were designed and the synthesis of the target compounds [4-(phenylthio)-2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives, 4-(phenoxy)-2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives, 4-phenyl-2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives] was achieved using chloroquinolines as key intermediates. The title compounds were assayed for their in-vitro activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) for the first time and it was discovered that some of the tested compounds were active against HIV-1 RT [RNA-dependent deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase (human immunodeficiency virus 1)]. Two compounds displayed inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values of 0.21 and 0.15 μM, resp., with a mode of interaction with RT residues of the allosteric pocket similar to that of Efavirenz. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6Recommanded Product: 18437-66-6).

tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Recommanded Product: 18437-66-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of thiazolo-, oxazolo-, and imidazolo[3,2-a][1,8]naphthyridinecarboxylic acids was written by Kondo, Hirosato;Taguchi, Masahiro;Inoue, Yoshimasa;Sakamoto, Fumio;Tsukamoto, Goro. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1990.Application of 96568-04-6 This article mentions the following:

Title compounds I (R = H, X = S; R = Me, X = O; R = H, X = NMe) were synthesized from dichlorofluoropyridyloxopropionate II and evaluated for antibacterial activity in vitro and for inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase of Escherichia coli K-12 C600. I (R = H, X = S) exhibited antibacterial activity comparable to that of ofloxacin and enoxacin against Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria and displayed antibacterial activity superior to that of I (R = Me, X = O; R = H, X = NMe), whereas, the antibacterial activity of I (R = Me, X = O) was greater than that of I (R = H, X = NMe). The DNA gyrase inhibitory activities of I paralleled their in vitro antibacterial activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate (cas: 96568-04-6Application of 96568-04-6).

Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate (cas: 96568-04-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Application of 96568-04-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The analysis of chemical composition of volatile oil from Acacia pennata willd by GC-MS was written by Li, Gui-jun;Wang, Fan. And the article was included in Zhongguo Tiaoweipin in 2014.Recommanded Product: 3386-33-2 This article mentions the following:

Volatile oil from Acacia pennata Willd is extracted via steam distillation GC-MS is used to analyze the chem. composition of volatile oil with the similarity degree more than 85% and peak area normalization method is used for determining the relative content of each component. Totally 34 compounds are separated and identified, accounting for 90.34% of the total content, mostly including linolenyl alc.(15.75%), 1-Hexadecyne(14.96%), tetradecanoic acid(14.53%), 1, 2, 4-trithiolane(9.19%), 1, 2, 4, 6-tetrathiepane(6.33%), cyclopentanone ethylene ketal(3.57%), 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrathiane(2.55%), pentadecanoic acid(2.40%), cis-pinane(2.11%), etc. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2Recommanded Product: 3386-33-2).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Recommanded Product: 3386-33-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An Efficient in Silico Screening Method Based on the Protein-Compound Affinity Matrix and Its Application to the Design of a Focused Library for Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Ligands was written by Fukunishi, Yoshifumi;Hojo, Shinichi;Nakamura, Haruki. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling in 2006.Related Products of 2168-06-1 This article mentions the following:

A new method has been developed to design a focused library based on available active compounds using protein-compound docking simulations. This method was applied to the design of a focused library for cytochrome P 450 (CYP) ligands, not only to distinguish CYP ligands from other compounds but also to identify the putative ligands for a particular CYP. Principal component anal. (PCA) was applied to the protein-compound affinity matrix, which was obtained by thorough docking calculations between a large set of protein pockets and chem. compounds Each compound was depicted as a point in the PCA space. Compounds that were close to the known active compounds were selected as candidate hit compounds A machine-learning technique optimized the docking scores of the protein-compound affinity matrix to maximize the database enrichment of the known active compounds, providing an optimized focused library. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3,3-Tris(4-chlorophenyl)propionic acid (cas: 2168-06-1Related Products of 2168-06-1).

3,3,3-Tris(4-chlorophenyl)propionic acid (cas: 2168-06-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Related Products of 2168-06-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

CON4EI: Short Time Exposure (STE) test method for hazard identification and labelling of eye irritating chemicals was written by Adriaens, E.;Willoughby, J. A. Sr.;Meyer, B. R.;Blakeman, L. C.;Alepee, N.;Fochtman, P.;Guest, R.;Kandarova, H.;Verstraelen, S.;Van Rompay, A. R.. And the article was included in Toxicology In Vitro in 2018.Reference of 96568-04-6 This article mentions the following:

Assessment of ocular irritancy is an international regulatory requirement in the safety evaluation of industrial and consumer products. Although many in vitro ocular irritation assays exist, alone they are incapable of fully categorizing chems. Therefore, the CEFIC-LRI-AIMT6-VITO CON4EI consortium was developed to assess the reliability of eight in vitro test methods and establish an optimal tiered-testing strategy. One assay selected was the Short Time Exposure (STE) assay. This assay measures the viability of SIRC rabbit corneal cells after 5 min exposure to 5% and 0.05% solutions of test material, and is capable of categorizing of Category 1 and No Category chems. The accuracy of the STE test method to identify Cat 1 chems. was 61.3% with 23.7% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity. If non-soluble chems. and unqualified results were excluded, the performance to identify Cat 1 chems. remained similar (accuracy 62.2% with 22.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The accuracy of the STE test method to identify No Cat chems. was 72.5% with 66.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Excluding highly volatile chems., non-surfactant solids and non-qualified results resulted in an important improvement of the performance of the STE test method (accuracy 96.2% with 81.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity). Furthermore, it seems that solids are more difficult to test in the STE, 71.4% of the solids resulted in unqualified results (solubility issues and/or high variation between independent runs) whereas for liquids 13.2% of the results were not qualified, supporting the restriction of the test method regarding the testing of solids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate (cas: 96568-04-6Reference of 96568-04-6).

Ethyl 3-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-3-oxopropionate (cas: 96568-04-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Reference of 96568-04-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Inhibitors of the protein-protein interaction between phosphorylated p62 and Keap1 attenuate chemoresistance in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line was written by Yasuda, Daisuke;Ohe, Tomoyuki;Takahashi, Kyoko;Imamura, Riyo;Kojima, Hirotatsu;Okabe, Takayoshi;Ichimura, Yoshinobu;Komatsu, Masaaki;Yamamoto, Masayuki;Nagano, Tetsuo;Mashino, Tadahiko. And the article was included in Free Radical Research in 2020.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Resistance to anticancer agents has been an obstacle to developing therapeutics and reducing medical costs. Whereas sorafenib is used for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resistance limits its efficacy. p62, a multifunctional protein, is overexpressed in several HCC cell lines, such as Huh-1 cells. Phosphorylated p62 (p-p62) inhibits the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between Keap1 and Nrf2, resulting in the Nrf2 overactivation that causes drug resistance. We have found a unique Nrf2 inactivator, named K67, that inhibited the PPI between Keap1 and p-p62 and attenuated sorafenib resistance in Huh-1 cells. Herein, we designed and synthesized novel K67 derivatives by modification of the substituent at the 4-position of the two benzenesulfonyl groups of K67. Although these new derivatives inhibited the Keap1-p-p62 PPI to a level comparable to or weaker than that of K67, the isopropoxy derivative enhanced the sensitivity of Huh-1 cells to sorafenib to a greater extent than K67 without any influence on the viability of Huh-7 cells, which is a non-resistant HCC cell line. The isopropoxy derivative also increased the sensitivity of Huh-1 cells to regorafenib, which suggests that this derivative has the potential to be used as an agent to overcome chemoresistance based on Nrf2 inactivation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Linear relations between thermodynamic parameters. III. Application to solvolysis reactions was written by Lee, Ikchoon. And the article was included in Taehan Hwahakhoe Chi in 1963.Safety of 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline This article mentions the following:

The general equation for the test of the substituent effect which was derived in the previous paper was extended to correlate thermodn. parameters of solvolysis reactions by modifying the potential energy term to represent the effect of change in solvent composition The linear fits of the new equation, ΔΔH.dbldag. = a’Y + bΔΔS⁼, were tested with 35 examples taken from the literature and an average correlation coefficient of 0.977 was obtained. The equation is generally applicable to solvolysis reactions and helps elucidate some of the difficulties experienced with the Grunwald-Winstein equation (CA 42, 8591a). The linear enthalpy-entropy effect exists only between the external enthalpy and entropy of activation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1Safety of 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline).

2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Safety of 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nonpeptide Inhibitors of Measles Virus Entry was written by Sun, Aiming;Prussia, Andrew;Zhan, Weiqiang;Murray, Ernest E.;Doyle, Joshua;Cheng, Li-Ting;Yoon, Jeong-Joong;Radchenko, Eugene V.;Palyulin, Vladimir A.;Compans, Richard W.;Liotta, Dennis C.;Plemper, Richard K.;Snyder, James P.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2006.Reference of 6834-42-0 This article mentions the following:

Measles virus (MV) is one of the most infectious pathogens known. Despite the existence of a vaccine, over 500 000 deaths/yr result from MV or associated complications. Antimeasles compounds could conceivably reverse these statistics. Previously, the authors described a homol. model of the MV fusion protein trimer and a putative binding site near the head-neck region. The resulting model permitted the identification of two nonpeptidic entry inhibitors. Here, the authors present the design, synthesis, and bioevaluation of several series of fusion inhibitors and describe their structure-activity relationships (SAR). Five simply substituted anilides show low-μM blockade of the MV, one of which (I, AS-48) exhibits IC₅₀ = 0.6-3.0 μM across a panel of wild-type MV strains found in the field. Mol. field topol. anal. (MFTA), a 2D QSAR approach based on local mol. properties (at. charges, hydrogen-bonding capacity and local lipophilicity), applied to the anilide series suggests structural modifications to improve potency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0Reference of 6834-42-0).

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride (cas: 6834-42-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Reference of 6834-42-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics