Month: January 2023

Occurrence, transport and environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) at the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay, China based on stir bar sorptive extraction was written by Shen, Qiu-Cen;Wang, Dan-Dan;Qu, Yu-Ying;Zhang, Jing;Zhang, Xue-Qing. And the article was included in Marine Pollution Bulletin in 2022.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

In recent years, research on pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the marine environment has attracted increasing attention worldwide. However, more work is needed to improve PPCPs detection methods, specifically for seawater environments. An anal. method based on stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) had been developed and fully optimized for the pretreatment and detection of ten widely used PPCPs that are commonly found in seawater samples. By optimizing several variables including the material of the stir bars, extraction temperature, extraction time, ionic strength, desorption solvent, and desorption time, the optimized method has achieved excellent results in the detection and quantification of target PPCPs with detection limits ranging from 0.03 to 1 ng/L. The distribution of target PPCPs at the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay was successfully determined by this method, and the concentrations and detection frequencies of PPCPs varied greatly from N.D. to 449.36 ng/L and from 9.1% to 100%, resp. Moreover, the distributions of PPCPs were explained by the Lagrangian particle-tracking model, and the results showed that the Tuandao sewage treatment plant had the most significant impact on the study area. The environmental risk assessment results showed that several target PPCPs might pose risks to aquatic organisms. In particular, triclocarban should receive more attention and the risk quotients of the mixtures (MRQ) should not be ignored. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of novel amide and urea derivatives of thiazol-2-ethylamines and their activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense was written by Patrick, Donald A.;Wenzler, Tanja;Yang, Sihyung;Weiser, Patrick T.;Wang, Michael Zhuo;Brun, Reto;Tidwell, Richard R.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.COA of Formula: C8H4ClNO This article mentions the following:

2-(2-Benzamido)ethyl-4-phenylthiazole I was one of 1035 mols. (grouped into 115 distinct scaffolds) found to be inhibitory to Trypanosoma brucei, the pathogen causing human African trypanosomiasis, at concentrations below 3.6 μM and nontoxic to mammalian (Huh7) cells in a phenotypic high-throughput screen of a 700,000 compound library performed by the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF). Compound I and 72 analogs were synthesized in this laboratory by one of two general pathways. These plus 10 com. available analogs were tested against T. brucei rhodesiense STIB900 and L6 rat myoblast cells (for cytotoxicity) in vitro. Forty-four derivatives were more potent than I, including eight with IC₅₀ values below 100 nM. The most potent and most selective for the parasite was the urea analog 2-(2-piperidin-1-ylamido)ethyl-4-(3-fluorophenyl)thiazole II (IC₅₀ = 9 nM, SI > 18,000). None of 33 compounds tested were able to cure mice infected with the parasite; however, seven compounds caused temporary reductions of parasitemia (â‰?7%) but with subsequent relapses. The lack of in vivo efficacy was at least partially due to their poor metabolic stability, as demonstrated by the short half-lives of 15 analogs against mouse and human liver microsomes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1COA of Formula: C8H4ClNO).

3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.COA of Formula: C8H4ClNO

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Isoxazolines and Isoxazoles Inspired by Fipronil was written by Miller, Daniel K.;Bailey, Christopher A.;Sammelson, Robert E.. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2015.Safety of 4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzotrifluoride This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of novel isoxazole and isoxazoline heterocycles that have similar structural features to the com. used phenylpyrazole, fipronil is described. Synthesis of the appropriately substituted styrenes and phenylacetylenes is followed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with several aliphatic nitrile oxides, which are prepared in situ from aldoximes with bleach. Relative reaction rates were determined for these specialized alkene and alkyne dipolarophiles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzotrifluoride (cas: 118754-53-3Safety of 4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzotrifluoride).

4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzotrifluoride (cas: 118754-53-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Safety of 4-Bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzotrifluoride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 1-substituted benzyl N-substituted 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxanilides was written by Wang, Junmin;Jun, Changsoo;Chai, Kyuyun;Kwak, Kyungchell;Quan, Zheshan. And the article was included in Progress in Natural Science in 2006.Synthetic Route of C7H5ClF2 This article mentions the following:

Title compounds I [R = (un)substituted phenyl; R¹ = H, Me, Pr] were prepared by heterocyclization of benzyl azides with Et propiolate, followed by amidation of the resulting triazolecarboxylate esters. The anticonvulsant activity of I depended on R and R¹. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4Synthetic Route of C7H5ClF2).

2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Synthetic Route of C7H5ClF2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sydnone Sulfonamide Derivatives as Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiproliferative and Anti-HIV Agents was written by Asundaria, Shahrukh T.;Pannecouque, Christophe;De Clercq, Erik;Patel, Keshav C.. And the article was included in Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal in 2014.Quality Control of 2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid This article mentions the following:

Three series of substituted sydnone sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized wherein 3-(4-methylphenyl)-4-(chlorosulfonyl)sydnone was linked by a sulfonamide linkage with various thiazole, benzothiazole and quinazoline groups. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy and elemental anal. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and anti-HIV activities. Anti-HIV activity was determined against human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 (III-B) and HIV-2 (ROD) in MT-4 cells. Inhibition of cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) replication was measured in human embryonic lung (HEL) cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 5344-49-0Quality Control of 2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid).

2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 5344-49-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Quality Control of 2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Selective N- and P/Q-Type Calcium Channel Agonist was written by Liang, Mary;Tarr, Tyler B.;Bravo-Altamirano, Karla;Valdomir, Guillermo;Rensch, Gabriel;Swanson, Lauren;DeStefino, Nicholas R.;Mazzarisi, Cara M.;Olszewski, Rachel A.;Wilson, Gabriela Mustata;Meriney, Stephen D.;Wipf, Peter. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2012.COA of Formula: C8H8Cl2N4 This article mentions the following:

The acute effect of the potent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor (R)-roscovitine on Ca²⁺ channels inspired the development of structural analogs as a potential treatment for motor nerve terminal dysfunction. On the basis of a versatile chlorinated purine scaffold, we have synthesized ca. 20 derivatives, I [R¹ = n-Pr, Me, CHMe₂, R² = CH₂Ph, CH(Ph)₂, 3-pyridinylmethyl, etc.], and characterized their N-type Ca²⁺ channel agonist action. I were prepared by reacting 2,6-dichloro-9H-purine with R¹X/K₂CO₃/DMSO (X = halo), followed by reaction with R²NH₂/NEt₂/BuOH, which gave the 4-chloro-6-amino derivatives; the final step consisted of treating the latter compounds with (R)-2-amino-1-butanol at 170°C. Agents that showed strong agonist effects were also characterized in a kinase panel for their off-target effects. Among several novel compounds with diminished cdk activity, we identified a new lead structure with a 4-fold improved N-type Ca²⁺ channel agonist effect and a 22-fold decreased cdk2 activity as compared to (R)-roscovitine. This compound was selective for agonist activity on N- and P/Q-type over L-type calcium channels. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7COA of Formula: C8H8Cl2N4).

2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).COA of Formula: C8H8Cl2N4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel sulfone derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety was written by Su, Shihu;Zhou, Xia;Zhou, Yan;Liao, Guoping;Shi, Li;Yang, Xia;Zhang, Xian;Jin, Linhong. And the article was included in World Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2014.Recommanded Product: 85953-29-3 This article mentions the following:

Series of novel sulfone derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety I [R¹ = 4-F-2-Me, 2,5-Cl₂, 2-Br-4-F, etc.; R² = Me, Et, CH(CH₃)₂, n-propyl] and II [R² = Me, Et, CH₂Ph] were synthesized. All the target compounds were characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental anal. Their antifungal activities were tested in vitro with six important phytopathogenic fungi, namely, Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporum, Cytospora mandshurica, Phytophthora infestans, Paralepetopsis sasakii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using the mycelium growth inhibition method. Their antibacterial activities were tested in vitro with two important phytopathogenic bacteria, namely, Xanthomonas oryzae and Ralstonia solanacearum from tobacco bacterial by the turbid meter test. Compounds I [R¹ = 2-Cl-4-F, 4-CF₃; R² = Me] and II [R² = Me, Et] exhibited the most potent inhibition against R. solanacearum and X. oryzae with 50% inhibition concentration (EC₅₀) from 1.97 to 7.75 μg/mL and 0.45 to 0.52 μg/mL, resp. Their antifungal tests indicated that among target compounds exhibited good antifungal activities against six kinds of fungi, especially against S. sclerotiorum with EC₅₀ from 3.71 to 17.44 μg/mL. In vivo antibacterial activities tests demonstrated that the controlling effect of compound II [R² = Me] (81.9%) against rice bacterial leaf blight were better than that of bismerthiazol (50.8%) and thiodiazole-copper (44.7%). The results also demonstrated that compounds I [R¹ = 2-Cl-4-F; R² = Me] and II [R² = Me, Et] had a better antifungal and antibacterial activity, with good characteristics of broad spectrum. The structure-activity relationships were also discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 85953-29-3Recommanded Product: 85953-29-3).

Methyl 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzoate (cas: 85953-29-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Recommanded Product: 85953-29-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Introducing a 4-pyridyl group on the backbone of polybenzoxazine to an analog fixed-DMAP catalyst was written by Guo, Tianfo;Tong, Haoying;Li, Zhenjiang;Sun, Jie;Li, Yongqiang;Yan, Rui;Liu, Bo;Zhang, Zhihao;Zhu, Yuejia;Guo, Kai. And the article was included in European Polymer Journal in 2021.Related Products of 76-83-5 This article mentions the following:

Polybenzoxazine (PBz) anchored with an N-4′-pyridyl group on the backbone was prepared and characterized. Phenolic-type polybenzoxazine was selectively prepared by thermally initiated ring-opening polymerization of N-(4′-pyridyl)benzoxazine (Bz-Py). The loading of the catalytic moiety pyridyl on PBz-Py was 2.7 mmol g^-1. The catalytic comparison of the prepared PBz-Py to com. PS-DMAP in acylation reactions was investigated. Further extension to PBz-Py-catalyzed silylation and tritylation reactions resulted in high yields. The catalyst retained 85% activity after 4 recycles. The implementation of a 4-pyridyl group on the PBz backbone as a new type of polymeric catalyst showcased a general manifold to introduce catalytic moieties to designed polybenzoxazine catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Related Products of 76-83-5).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Related Products of 76-83-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Selective Penicillamine Substitution Enables Development of a Potent Analgesic Peptide that Acts through a Non-Opioid-Based Mechanism was written by Gajewiak, Joanna;Christensen, Sean B.;Dowell, Cheryl;Hararah, Fuaad;Fisher, Fernando;Huynh, Peter N.;Olivera, Baldomero M.;McIntosh, J. Michael. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Venom-derived compounds are of broad interest in neuropharmacol. and drug development. α-Conotoxins are small disulfide-containing peptides from Conus snails that target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and are in clin. development for non-opioid-based treatment of intractable pain. Although refined by evolution for interaction with target prey receptors, enhancements of pharmacol. properties are needed for use in mammalian systems. Therefore, we synthesized analogs of α-conotoxin RgIA using a combination of selective penicillamine substitutions together with natural and non-natural amino acid replacements. This approach resulted in a peptide with 9000-fold increased potency on the human α9α10 nAChR and improved resistance to disulfide shuffling compared to the native peptide. The lead analog, RgIA-5474, potently blocked α9α10 nAChRs, but not opioid- or other pain-related targets. In addition, RgIA-5474 effectively reversed chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design of Novel Phosphopantetheine Adenylyltransferase Inhibitors: A Potential New Approach to Tackle Mycobacterium tuberculosis was written by Primi, Marina C.;Tavares, Mauricio T.;Klein, Larry L.;Izard, Tina;R. Sant′Anna, Carlos M.;Franzblau, Scott G.;Ferreira, Elizabeth I.. And the article was included in Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry (Sharjah, United Arab Emirates) in 2021.SDS of cas: 777-44-6 This article mentions the following:

Tuberculosis (TB) has been a challenging disease worldwide, especially for the neglected poor populations. Presently, there are approx. 2 billion people infected with TB worldwide and 10 million people in the world fell ill with active TB, leading to 1.5 million deaths. The classic treatment is extensive and the drug- and multi-drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been a threat to the efficacy of the drugs currently used. Therefore, the rational design of new anti-TB candidates is urgently needed. With the aim of contributing to face this challenge, 78 compounds have been proposed based on SBDD (Structure-Based Drug Design) strategies applied to target the M. tuberculosis phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (MtPPAT) enzyme. Ligand-Based Drug Design (LBDD) strategies were also used for establishing Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) and for optimizing the structures. MtPPAT is important for the biosynthesis of CoA (CoA) and it has been studied recently toward the discovery of new inhibitors. After docking simulations and enthalpy calculations, the interaction of selected compounds with MtPPAT was found to be energetically favorable. The most promising compounds were then synthesized and submitted to anti-M. tuberculosis and MtPPAT inhibition assays. One of the compounds synthesized (MCP163), showed the highest activity in both of these assays. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6SDS of cas: 777-44-6).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.SDS of cas: 777-44-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics